• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2000

The influence of photoexcited nonequilibrium carriers on domain switching and photovoltaic current was investigated in two kinds of poled La-modified PbTiO$_3$ferroelectric ceramics, (Pb$_{0.85}$La$_{0.15}$)TiO$_3$and (Pb$_{0.76}$La$_{0.24}$)TiO$_3$, under illumination in the absence of external electric field. Both photovoltaic current and cumulative AE event counts increased with illumination time. The observed nonsteady-state photovoltaic current could be explained on the basis of the cycles of a series of physical events consisting the establishment of space charge field by photoexcited carriers trapped at the grain boundaries, the photoinduced domain switching, and the increase in the remanent polarization. An analysis of energy distribution of the observed AE signals also revealed that the space charge field in (Pb$_{0.85}$La$_{0.15}$)TiO$_3$allowed both 18$0^{\circ}C$ and 90$^{\circ}$domains to be switched during illumination.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2017

Intermittent pneumatic compression is frequently used for prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis, however there is a lot of complains by frequent adverse event. In this paper, we analyzed the cause of adverse event and we tried to improve for the cause of machine, nurses, patients, system by diverse strategy. And we could improve the index of each cause, the rate of error was decreased finally. The proactive activity of quality improvement for medical device can contribute to decrease the error, that will improve the quality of medical service and achieve the safe medial culture.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.204-214
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and types of the adverse events (AEs) associated with oral fluconazole and itraconazole and factors associated with specific types of AEs. Methods: We analyzed AEs reported by community pharmacies nationwide over 10 years using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System database. Various AE terms were categorized into 18 types, and concomitant medications were classified by drug-drug interaction (DDI) severity. The relationship between the specific type of AE and age, sex, and number of concomitant medications was investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 879 AE reports of fluconazole and 401 reports of itraconazole were analyzed; of these reports, 321 and 83 reports of fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively, described concomitant drug administration categorized as DDI severity of contraindicated or major. Women had a higher risk of psychiatric AEs associated with fluconazole use (OR, 1.587; p=0.042). Polypharmacy increased the risk for psychiatric AEs (OR, 3.598; p<0.001 for fluconazole and OR, 2.308; p=0.046 for itraconazole). In dermatologic AEs, the mean age of patients who received itraconazole was lower than that of patients who received fluconazole (46.3±16.8 vs. 54.9±15.4; p<0.001). Co-administration of fluconazole with 1-3 drugs increased the risk of neurological AEs (OR, 1.764; p=0.028). Conclusion: When using fluconazole and itraconazole, psychiatric AEs should be noted, particularly in women and in case of polypharmacy; moreover, when fluconazole is co-administered with other drugs, attention should be paid to the occurrence of neurological AEs.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 1994

Objectives: This research was performed in order to observe the neuropsychological implication and functional anatomical source of event related potentials(ERP) by studying of correlations between event related potentials and neuropsychological tests. Methods: The latency and voltage of P100 of visual evoked potential (VEP), and N120 and P300 of event related potentials were studied in 56 patients and their correlations with neuropsychological tests were computed. Results: The tests showing significant correlation with latency P100 were visual continous performance test(VCPT) and contingent continous performance test(CCPT) without any significant correlation with voltage of P100. In latency of N120 category test and verbal IQ of KWIS showed significant correlation, and in voltage of N120, finger tapping test, VCPT, CCPT and digit symbol test displayed significant correlations. The latency of P300 had significant correlation with trail making A test and Stroop test. In the voltage of P300 significant correlations were shown with trail making B test, digit symbol test and Wechsler memory scale, finger tapping test, stroop test, VCPT and CCPT. Conclusion : N120 may be considered to reflect the function of medial frontal lobe and P300 may be considered to be developed from the subcortical connection of medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia and medial frontal lobe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.554-565
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• 2016

This study analyzed expressive effects of King Henry VIII's costumes in films based on DeLong's (1988) theory. Theoretical analysis was done through a literature research of previous studies from both domestic and international. Empirical research was used as a research tool for visual media such as , , and . An analysis on movie costumes indicated that King Henry VIII's costume almost matched DeLong's (1998) expressive effect on excitement, calmness, strength, and delicacy. King Henry VIII's costumes in films based on DeLong's (1988) theory expressed significant of strength and excitement in terms of expressive effects with some elegance. King Henry VIII's costumes had their expressive effects different according to the intentions of film productions, even for the identical event scenes with the same purpose. The findings of this study can be used as basic data for the research of design and costumes as well as the production of drama stages for historical dramas during King Henry VIII's reign.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.412-415
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• 2019

Salivary gland tumors usually appear in solitary mass in single salivary gland. The coexistence of tumors with different histological types occurring within a unilateral parotid gland is an extremely rare event. We experienced a case which two different types of malignant tumors developed at different time points in same gland; metachronous tumors. The second tumor was excised widely and reconstruction was performed by free tissue transfer. Sensory and motor nerve to the left cheek appeared to be intact, and circulation was adequate. This rare case was presented in this article.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.6-15
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• 2003

A method is presented for diagnosing the converter bearings by using acoustic emission. The flaking mechanism causing the large-scale bearing for furnace to flaw is investigated and a possibility of defect is verified by Finite Element method. he diagnosis logic is proposed fir detecting the flaw of a non-continuous rotating machine. It is proved that the acoustic emission energy can be used as a representative parameter for an acoustic event. Applying the method to the tilting bearings for steel mill in operation, the effectiveness of this logic is evaluated. It is shown that AE signal is generated only when the bearing is tilting, and the trend analysis can be focused upon this process.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.3 s.272
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• pp.200-208
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• 2007

Background: The effect of patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) on the clinical outcome following aortic valve replacement (AVR) remains controversial. This study compared the surgical outcomes of AVR between patients with a patient-prosthesis mismatch and those having undergone an aortic annular enlargement. Material and Method: Six hundred and twenty seven adult patients, who underwent AVR with stented bioprosthetic or mechanical valves, between January 1996 and February 2006, were evaluated. PPM was defined as an indexed effective orifice area (iEOA) ${\leq}0.85cm^2/m^2$, and Severe if the iEOA${\leq}0.65cm^2/m^2$ PPM was present in 103 (16.4%, PPM group) patients, and severe in 11 (1.8%, SPPM group). During the period of the study, 21 patients underwent an AVR with annular enlargement (AE group). Result: The mean iEOA of the AE group was larger than that of the PPM group ($0.95\;vs.\;0.76cm^2/m^2,\;p=0.00$). The AE group had longer CPB, ACC and operation times than the PPM group, and showed a tendency toward higher operative mortality (14.3% vs. 2.9%, p=0.06). The SPPM group had higher AV pressure gradients (peak/mean) than the AE group (72/45 mmHg vs. 38/25 mmHg, p=0.02/0.06) and suffered more AV related events (AV reoperation or severe aortic stenosis)(45.5% vs. 9.5%, p=0.03). LV masses were not regressed in the patients who experienced an AV related event. Conclusion: During AVR in patients with a small aortic annulus, annular enlargement should be carefully applied taking into account the high risk of operative mortality due to annular enlargement and co-morbidities of patients. Aortic annular enlargement; however, should be considered as an alternative method in patients expected to have a severe PPM after an AVR.

• Atmosphere
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2009

Kinematic characteristics of a heavy rainfall event occurred in Changma front are analyzed using synoptic weather charts, satellite imagery and NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction) / NCAR(National Centers for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis data. The heavy rainfall is accompanied with mesoscale rain clouds developing over the Southwest region of Korea during the period from 0300 LST to 2100 LST 25 June 2006. The surface cyclone in the Changma front is generated and developed rapidly when it meets following vertical conditions: The maximum value of relative vorticity is appeared at 700 hPa and is extended gradually near the surface. It is thought that the vertical structure of relative vorticity is closely related with the descent of strong wind zone exceeding $10ms^{-1}$. The jet core at 200 hPa is shifted southward and extended downward and the low-level jet stream associated with upper-level jet stream appeared at 850 hPa. Kinematic features of heavy rainfall system at cyclone-generating point are as follows: In the generating stage of cyclone, the relative vorticity below 850 hPa increased and the convergence below 850 hPa and the divergence at 400 hPa are intensified by southward movement of jet core at 200 hPa. The heavy rainfall system seems to locate to the south of the exit region of upper-level jet streak; In the developing stage of cyclone, the relative vorticity below 850 hPa and the convergence near surface are further strengthened and upward vertical velocity between 850 hPa and 200 hPa is increased.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.60-66
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• 2015

Embrittlement of material by hydrogen charging should be cleared for safety of storage vessel of hydrogen and components deal with hydrogen. A stainless steel is generally used as materials for hydrogen transportation and storage, and it has a big advantage of corrosion resistance due to nickel component in material. In this study, microscopic damage behavior of stainless steel according to the hydrogen charging time using nondestructive evaluation was studied. The surface of stainless steel became more brittle as the hydrogen charging time increased. The parameters of nondestructive evaluation were also changed with the embrittlement of stainless steel surface by hydrogen charging. Ultrasonic test, which is the most generalized nondestructive technique, was applied to evaluate the relationship between the ultrasonic wave and mechanical properties of stainless steel by hydrogen charging. The attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic wave was increased with hydrogen charging time because of surface embrittlement of stainless steel. In addition, acoustic emission test was also used to study the dynamic behavior of stainless steel experienced hydrogen charging. AE event at the hydrogen charged specimen was obviously decreased at the plastic zone of stress-strain curves, while the number of event for the specimen of hydrogen free was dramatically generated when compared with the specimens underwent hydrogen charging.