• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.291-299
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examined the improved sensory, hand function, postural balance and activities of daily living (ADL) through somatosensory stimulation, such as the facilitation of functional reaching and tactile, proprioceptive stimulus of the upper limb (UL) and hand. Methods: Seventeen stroke patients having problems with motor and somatosensory deficits were selected in Bobath Memorial Hospital adult rehabilitation center. The patients were divided into two groups; the sensorimotor deficit group (SMDG) and motor deficit group (MDG). Somatosensory stimulation on the UL, physical therapy and occupational therapy were carried out three times a week over a six week these treatments were performed in both group period. To compare each group, the following assessment tools were used: such as tactile detection thresholds (TDT), two point discrimination on the affected side (TPDas), unaffected side (TPDus) stereognosis (ST) manual function test, hand function on the affected side (HFas) and unaffected side (HFus), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS) and Korean version Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). Results: In the SMDG, somatosensory stimulation on the UL was statistically important for TDT, TPDas, TPDus (except for the thener), ST, hand function on HFas, on HFus, PASS length of displacement with foam (LDFSEO), and K-MBI. In the MDG, somatosensory stimulation on the UL was important for TDT, TPDas, TPDus (except index finger) length of displacement with the eyes open, LDFSEO, HFas, HFus, PASS and K-MBI. In addition, there was a significant difference in the PASS between SMDG and MDG. Conclusion: Somatosensory stimulation on the UL affects the sensory, hand function, postural control and ADLs performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study compared the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version (MMSE-K) and Korean version Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MOCA), which assess cognitive function, the Fugl- Meyer Upper-Extremity Assessment (FMA), which assess the upper extremity function; and Modified Barthel Index (MBI), which that assesses activities of daily living among patients receiving inpatient treatment following a diagnosis of stroke to determine the correlations among MMSE-K, K-MOCA, FMA, and MBI. METHODS: The study assessed the cognitive function using the MMSE-K and K-MOCA, upper extremity function using FMA, and activities of daily living using MBI. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: An analysis of the differences in the MMSE-K, K-MOCA, MBI, and FMA scores according to the affected side, revealed differences in the, K-MOCA scores according to the affected side, where patients with right hemiplegia showed better cognitive function (p <.05). Correlation analysis among MMSE-K, K-MOCA, FMA, and MBI Showed significant correlations (p <.05). The results indicate that those with higher cognitive and upper extremity functions had higher performance of activities of daily living. CONCLUSION: The cognitive and upper extremity functions were correlated with the activities of daily living in stroke patients. Accordingly, applying physical therapy with a focus on improving the cognitive function and training activities of daily living could assist in the functional recovery of stroke patients significantly.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.772-781
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• 2012

In order to supply the reference data to define the quality of life of the rural agricultural elderly population in the simplified steps, the data were collected by personal visits to 232 elder people over 65 (89 males and 143 females) in Sunchang area. The survey was conducted with written questionnaires concerning the quality of life, health-related habits, basic physical functions and cognitive behavior. The prevalence of the degenerative diseases were assessed by anthropometric and biochemical determinations. The averaged overall quality of life represented by EQ-5D index with Nam's model was calculated to be $0.865{\pm}0.1509$, and the percentages of people below the average were 38% (low QOL group) and 62% (high QOL group) were found to be the above the average. Generally, the subjects with male gender, higher educational background, higher self-rated health status, higher social activities were belonged to the high QOL group. The high QOL group had higher scores of daily living activities KADL and IADL, and lower risks in cognitive functions K-MMSE and depression scale GDS. There was no statistically significant correlation between biochemical indexes of blood and cognitive function and EQ-5D scores when the results were adjusted for age and gender. There were significant differences in nutritional assessment determined by the MNA between the high and low QOL groups. The low QOL group showed inferior nutritional status. The rapidly measurable factors of the quality of life of rural elderly were turned out to be physical activity scores and the simplified nutritional status measurement.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate of practicum by using standardized patient(SP) for nursing assessment. Method: This study had 2 steps. The 1st-step was pre-intervention stage including selection of a learning title, formation of case scenario, training of SP and developing the evaluation tools for students' clinical competence to assessment, 6 categories 29 items. The 2nd-step consisted of intervention and evaluation stages. 34 nursing students divided 2 groups participated in assessing the SP. Evaluation of each group was performed by 2 nursing professors. All students recorded their feelings after assessing the SP. The SP also evaluated about nursing students' attitude toward the SP. Results: ICC(Interclass correlation coefficient) between 2 groups was over 0.7 all categories. Students' assessing score(range 0-1) was muscular-joint function status(0.41), nutritional status(0.39), history taking(0.38), IADL(0.18), ADL(0.15), and emotional status (0.07). The mean scores of the nursing students' attitude by SP was 4.03(range 1-6). Also most students showed positive reactions to the education using SP because they had the chance to experience what they could not practice in clinical setting. Conclusion: The evaluation tool revealed high reliability. Nursing students' clinical competence was below average. But they took a good attitude to SP. We recommended further research using SP with various disease.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.7-25
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dual-task training on stroke patients. Methods : We searched the databases such as NDSL, RISS, PubMed, CoChrane and EMBASE for publications in the past decade. Finally, 10 papers were selected. Qualitative assessment was performed according to the traditional single-layer evidence model, and meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.0 program. Results : The quality level of each of the 10 selected papers all correspond to I and II in the traditional single-layer evidence model. The motor tasks that constitute dual-task training comprised walking or balancing tasks in 7 articles and the motor tasks related to upper extremity were selected in 3 studies. The effect sizes for ADL function and Cognitive function were 0.65 and 0.64 (medium size effect) respectively. Moreover, the effect sizes of Lower extremity and Upper extremity motor function were 0.34 and 0.22 (small size effect) respectively. The effect size of ADL function and Cognitive function were statistically significant p<0.05). Conclusion : This study confirmed that dual-ask training can be a useful intervention technique for recovering a stroke patient's ability to perform daily activities and cognitive functions. This could be used as a helpful data when selecting appropriate intervention for stroke patients in the clinical setting.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.648-667
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• 2002

This was a descriptive study designed to identify the level of coping method and its influencing factors on the family caregivers of demented patients, and resolve the family caregivers' level of stress. The data were collected from September 10 to October 10, 2001. Subjects for this study were recruited from four clinics, which were chosen from 15 clinics located in Chunbuk-Do as the study sites because of their cooperation for the study. They were similar in terms of size, the characteristics of the local community. and the population and registration status of the demented patients. The instruments used for the study were as follows: 1. Problematic behaviors of demented patients are measured by the Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (Zarit, 1980), and the Linguistic Communication Symptoms Questionnaire (Bayles and Tomoeda, 1991) 2. The ability to carry out daily activities was measured using the Barthel Index (1965) and Katz Index (1963), which as well-known ADL assessment methods. 3. Burden was measured using Cost of Care Index by the Kosberg and Cairl (1986). 4. Coping strategy was measured Bell's 18 methods (1977). The data were analyzed using SPSS/PC. The study results were as follows: 1. The total stress score was 2.90 out of a maximum score of 5. The highest score reported was 3.09 on the dimension of restriction of individual and social activities, and the lowest region reported was 2.58 on the dimension of mental and physical health. 2. The total score of the coping method was 2.65 out of a maximum score of 5. The highest score reported was 4.01 on the dimension of thinking that includes an ideation such that it is better than any possible worst case, and the lowest score reported was 1.45 on the dimension of the self-image as a scapegoat. 3. There were significant differences in coping method among the subjects by age (F=2.752 p=0.04), caregiver (F=4.33 p=0.003), care-giving period (F=2.68 p=0.049), and dementia stage (F=2.87 p=0.034). 4. There were highly negative correlations ($\gamma$=-0.301 p=0.000) between problematic behaviors of demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. The highest correlation coefficient ($\gamma$=-0.339 p=0.000) was found between aggressive behaviors of the demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. 5. There was a low negative correlation ($\gamma$=-0.201 p=0.019) between the ADL of the demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. 6. There were highly negative correlations ($\gamma$=-0.213 p=0.005) between stress and the coping method of the family caregivers. The highest correlation was found between financial burden ($\gamma$=-.327 P=.000) and the coping method of the family caregivers. There was no significant correlation among unpleasant aspects of the demented patients, willingness to the demented patients, and the coping method of the family caregivers.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.228-249
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• 2018

In 2015, the population of elderly people in Thailand was 16% of the total population and is predicted to be over 20% by 2021 and nearly 28% by 2031. The increase of the elderly population in Thailand has also increased the proportion of dependent elderly people, and caring for them poses many challenges for both families and the government. This descriptive method research aimed to survey the health status of dependent older people in the rural community of Lampang province in northern Thailand. The participants consisted of 62 older people and 62 primary family caregivers from Hong Ha Health Promoting Hospital, Lampang, Thailand (totaling 124 people). The researchers assessed the health status of older people and their activities of daily living (ADL). In addition, researchers assessed the health status and stress of caregivers. All the participants were interviewed about their experiences with caregiving. The results showed that most of the older respondents were female with an average age of 78.15 years. Based on the ADL assessment, 50 of the 62 older persons were homebound while the rest were bedridden. The majority of older people had chronic or long-term conditions that required hospitalization from time to time. Their frequent health problems included oral disorders such as tooth decay or caries/gum disease/no teeth, reduced sight, psychological disorders, knee pain and risk of falling, low BMI, risk of malnutrition, and urinary leakage and incontinence (58.06%, 66.13%, 62.90%, 70.97%, 38.71%, 66.13%, and 37.10%, respectively). Usual care provided by the family members included personal hygiene care, food preparation and feeding, medication management, housekeeping and organizing necessary equipment, supply of needed equipment, prevention of falls, helping with travel for medical checkups and treatment, and providing companionship. Families experienced shortages of medical supplies, daily use equipment, lack of employment, inadequate income, and difficulty accessing health care services due to lack of transportation. Some caregivers experienced caregiving stress related to a lack of social interactions as well as routine caregiving activities. Families need different types of support in order to promote the well-being of older people and caregivers. This highlights the need for a community participation model for the care of older people in order to reflect sustainable long-term outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.187-202
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of adjusting leg length inequality(LLI) by chuna manual treatment for post-stroke hemiplegia. Methods : 39 patients with stroke-originated hemiplegia who had leg length inequality were included in this study. Chuna manual treatment at pelvic girdle was applied to 20 patients and they had been treated by general oriental rehabilitation therapy(test group). The other 19 patients had been treated by general oriental rehabilitation therapy only(control group). Outcomes were assessed by Modified Barthel Index(MBI), Berg Balance Scale(BBS), lower extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA) at the point of beginning and end of the study. Results : 1. In terms of activity of daily living(ADL), test group showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group(p<0.05). In subacute group(onset had been past under 6 months), test group didn't showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group. In chronic group(onset had been past over 6 months), test group didn't showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group. 2. In terms of lower extremity function and balance, test group showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group(p<0.05). In subacute group, test group didn't showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group. In chronic group, test group showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group(p<0.01). 3. In terms of lower extremity function of hemiplegic side, test group showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group(p<0.05). In subacute group, test group didn't showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group. In chronic group, test group showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group(p<0.05). Coclusions : Adjusting LLI by chuna manual treatment is efficacious for rehabilitation of stroke-originated hemiplegia, in terms of ADL, balance and lower extremity function, and is especially efficacious for chronic patients.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-128
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL)-focused Occupation-Based Neurobehavioral Evaluation (A-ONE) through cross-cultural adaptation and examine its validity and reliability. Methods : This study translated the A-ONE into Korean and performed cross-cultural adaptation for the Korean population. After the development of the Korean version of the A-ONE, cross-cultural and concurrent validities were analyzed. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability were also evaluated. Results : We adapted three items to the Korean culture. The Korean version of the A-ONE showed high cross-cultural validity with a content validity index (I-CVI) >0.9. It correlated with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) (r=0.52-0.77, p<0.001), except for communication. Cronbach's α was 0.58-0.93 for the functional independence scale (FI) and 0.42-0.93 for the neurobehavioral specific impairment subscale (NBSIS). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated high test-retest and inter-rater reliability for FI (ICC=0.79-1.00 and 0.75-1.00, respectively) and NBSIS (ICC=0.74-1.00 and 0.72-1.00, respectively). Conclusion : The Korean version of the A-ONE is well adapted to the Korean culture and has good validity and reliability. It is recommended to evaluate ADL performance skills and neurobehavioral impairments simultaneously in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.715-727
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• 2015

This study was conducted to explore the impact of nursing staffing on inpatient nursing outcomes in long term care hospitals. A secondary analysis was done of national data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services including evaluation of long term care hospitals. Patients per RN was a significant indicator of foley catheter ratio in high risk group and low risk group. Patients per RN&NA was a significant indicator of decline in ADL for patients with dementia, non dementia, urinary incontinence and new pressure ulcer development in the high risk group. The average nursing outcome of inpatient in high grade was higher than that low grade in long care hospital. This higher level of nursing staffing and the higher the grade shown a positive effect on the nursing outcomes of the inpatient. We therefore recommend modifying the above nurse staffing policy so as to make it more effective in improving nursing outcomes.