• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.290-292
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• 2012

This paper proposes a setup for a best multisine design method that uses a time-domain optimization. The method is based on minimization of the time-domain error, so its resulting multisine has a very accurate ACLR estimation. This is because its probability distribution and sample-to-sample correlation are close to those of the original signal, which are crucial for the testing of nonlinear power amplifiers. In addition, a hyperbolic-tangent function is introduced to control the ripple of tone magnitudes within signal bandwidth. For the verification, multisines were generated and compared for many aspects such as normalized error, in-band ripple, and ACLR estimation. Test results with different numbers of tones provide supporting evidence that the suggested multisine design has better ripple suppression, by up to 7 dB, and better accuracy, by up to 0.2 dB, when compared to the conventional method. The accuracy of the ACLR was improved by about 5 dB when the number of tones was 4. The suggested method improves the ACLR estimation performance of multisine testing due to its closer resemblance to the target modulation signal.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.723-730
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 구동단의 IMD 특성을 종단의 IMD 특성과 반대의 값을 갖도록 하는 anti-phase IMD 정합 기법을 이용하여 대전력 증폭기의 선형성을 개선하였으며, 이의 설계 과정을 나타내었다. W-CDMA 4FA 입력 신호시 평균 출력 전력 30 W에서 ACLR -55 dBc@5 MHz offset을 얻었으며, 최대 전력 이득을 얻기 위한 최적 정합시와 측정 결과를 비교시, 약 12 dBc 이상 개선되었다. 또한, 평균 출력 전력 50 W에서도 상용 제품 규격을 만족함을 보였다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the comparison of the muscle contractile properties on lower extremity between non-injury and injury in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: Twenty-four subjects on the post-operative ACLR participated in this study. Measurement method were using tensiomygraphy to analyze the displacement maximum(Dm) and contraction time(Tc) on the both quadriceps. Results: Compared difference of the Dm between non-injury and injury, the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) increased significantly (p<.01). However, vastus medialis (VM) no significantly difference between non-injury and injury. Compared difference of the Tc between non-injury and injury, the RF increased significantly (p<.01) but VL and VM no significantly difference between non-injury and injury. Conclusions: These findings suggest that occurred muscle atrophy of the RF and VL and change properties of muscle fibers on the RF from fast muscle fibers to slow muscle fibers on the injury side of post-operative ACLR. Therefore, when apply to rehabilitation of lower extremity for post-operative ACLR, we should consider the enhance of RF and VL on injury side.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use an ICF tool in an intervention for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients to examine and evaluate the patients' functional problems, measure the results of the intervention, and present the process of preparing proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) intervention strategies, thereby contributing to changes in and development of relevant future clinical practices. Methods: A PNF rehabilitation exercise program using an ICF tool was applied to ACLR patients five times per week for four weeks. To measure the resulting changes, the ICF evaluation display, the visual analog scale (VAS), the manual muscle test (MMT), the range of motion (ROM) test, the Lysholm knee score (LKS), and the muscle endurance test (MET) were used. Results: After the intervention was applied to the ACLR patients, improvements were achieved in all the tests: ICF evaluation display, VAS, MMT, ROM, LKS, and MET. Conclusion: Utilizing the ICF tool, this study identified functional problems of ACLR patients. When the intervention was applied, physical functions improved, and structural damage was reduced, leading to enhanced levels of functional activities such as postural changes, posture maintenance, gait, movements, and movements between different places. The patients were able to complete the teacher training, which was their goal.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2003

CDMA(code division multiple access) has very large peak to average power ratio(PAR) and behave as noise-like wide band digital signals with 1.2288 Mbps transmission rate. For signals with high PAR like CDMA, it is reasonable to prescribe occupied bandwidth(OBW) as average occupied bandwidth. Bandwidth measurements of CDMA signals at remote site are affected by co-channel and adjacent channel interference from adjacent CDMA base station, distortion of signal by fading effect, spurious emission and environment noises. In this study, we have compared OBW measurements in an on-air environment with those measured in a base station using adjacent channel leakage ratio(ACLR) as a reference measurement factor. As results of analysis, the OBW at ACLR$\geq$35 ㏈ shows nearly same statistical characteristics regardless of the measurement locations and environments.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2020

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) causes a reduction in the balance of the lower extremities. Static and dynamic balance were evaluated separately to confirm the decrease in balance in patients underwent ACLR. The commonly used methods include the Biodex Balance System (BBS) for static balance and the Y balance test (YBT) for dynamic balance. No study has evaluated whether the static and dynamic balance of the involved side recovers as much as the uninvolved side one year after ACLR. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the recovery of static and dynamic balance between the involved and the uninvolved sides. Methods: The BBS (overall, anteroposterior index, and mediolateral index) and YBT (anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial) of 58 patients underwent ACLR were measured one year postoperation. Both sides of the BBS and the YBT were compared using the paired t-test. Results: All the index of the BBS showed no difference between the involved and the uninvolved sides, while all the scores of the YBT showed a significant difference in both sides. The YBT anterior result was 54.64 ± 5.62 cm in the involved side and 56.90 ± 5.41 cm in the uninvolved side (p = 0.001). The YBT posterolateral results were 90.12 ± 10.51 cm and 92.34 ± 9.85 cm (p = 0.013). The YBT posteromedial results were 93.72 ± 8.84 cm and 96.14 ± 9.37 cm (p = 0.002). Conclusion: A year after ACLR, the static balance showed no difference, while the dynamic balance showed a significant difference in the involved and the uninvolved sides. The static balance of the involved side recovered as much as the uninvolved side, but the dynamic balance did not. Therefore, dynamic balance training should be considered in the rehabilitation program for patients underwent ACLR.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2001년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.11 No.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 WCDMA 규격[1,2]에 근거하여 WCDMA 기지국 무선부 설계 파라미터들로서, 수신기 잡음 지수(NF:Noise Figure), IIP3(Input 3$^{rd}$ order Intercept Point), ACS(Adjacent Channel Selectivity) 와 Blocking 특성을 만족하기 위한 여파기의 감쇠 특성 및 송신기 전체의 ACLR 특성을 만족하기 위한 송신기 구성 소자의 ACLR 특성 등을 고찰하였으며, 이와 같은 무선부 설계 파라미터를 기본으로 구현한 무선부의 시험 결과를 기술하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 3GPP 중계기 및 기지국용 50W급 Doherty 전력증폭기를 설계 및 제작하였다. 이상적인 Doherty 전력증폭기는 효율개선과 고출력 특성이 뛰어나지만 이를 구현하기 위해서는 바이어스 조절이 어렵다. 이를 해결하고자 기존의 Gate 바이어스 조절회로를 가진 Doherty(GDCHD) 전력증폭기에 Drain 바이어스 조절회로를 첨가한 GDCHD(Gate and Drain Control Hybrid Doherty) 전력증폭기를 구현하였다. 실험결과 3GPP 동작주파수 대역인 $2.11{\sim}2.17\;GHz$에서 이득이 57.03 dB이고, PEP 출력이 50.30 dBm, W-CDMA 평균전력 47.01 dBm, 5MHz offset 주파수대역에서 -40.45 dBc의 ACLR 특성을 가졌으며, 각각의 파라미터는 설계하고자 하는 증폭기의 사양을 만족하였다. 특히 GDCHD 전력증폭기는 일반적인 Doherty 전력증폭기에 비해 ACLR에 따른 효율 개선성능이 우수하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 3GPP 중계기 및 기지국용 60W급 Doherty 전력증폭기를 설계 및 제작하였다. Doherty 전력증폭기는 효율개선과 고출력 특성이 뛰어나지만 보조증폭기의 구현이 어렵다. 이를 해결하고자 일반적인 Doherty 전력증폭기에 보조증폭기의 Gate 바이어스 조절회로를 첨가한 GCHD(Gate Control Hybrid Doherty) 전력증폭기를 구현하였다. 실험결과 3GPP 동작주파수 대역인 $2.11\~2.17GHz$에서 이득이 62.55 dB이고, PEP 출력이 50.76 dBm, W-CDMA 평균전력 47.81 dBm, 5MHz offset 주파수대역에서 -40.05 dBc의 ACLR 특성을 가졌으며, 각각의 파라미터는 설계하고자 하는 증폭기의 사양을 만족하였다. 특히 GCHD 전력증폭기는 일반전력증폭기에 비해 ACLR에 따른 효율 개선성능이 우수하였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2018

Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has been considered the primary treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured patient. However, there is little biomechanical evidence regarding bilateral knee joint biomechanics during landing and cutting task after ACLR. Method: Eighteen females with ACLR participated in this investigation. Double leg jump landing (DLJL) and single leg jump cut (SLJC) biomechanics were assessed. Results: During DLJL, the healthy knee showed greater knee valgus angle at initial contact ($^{\circ}$) compared to the injured knee (Injured: $2.93{\pm}2.59$, Healthy: $4.20{\pm}2.46$, t=2.957, p=0.009). There was a significant difference in anterior tibial shear force ($N{\times}N^{-1}$) with greater in the injured knee (Injured: $1.41{\pm}0.39$, Healthy: $1.30{\pm}0.35$, t=2.201, p=0.042). During SLJC, injured knee showed greater knee extension moment ($N^*m{\times}[N^*m]^{-1}$) compared to healthy knee (Injured: $0.51{\pm}0.19$, Healthy: $0.47{\pm}0.17$, t=2.761, p=0.013). However, there was no significant differences between the knees in the other variables. Conclusion: ACLRfemales exhibited a greater knee valgus angle at initial contact and lesser anterior tibial shear force on the healthy knee during double leg jump landing. In addition, ACLR females showed a greater knee extension moment on the injured knee during single leg jump cut.