• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2009

This study was carried out to analyse the biological activity in soybean pastes with the sword beans and general soybean pastes. The electron donating activity of soybean pastes with the sword beans(J2, J4) was higher than other soybean pastes with value of $81.5{\pm}2.2%$ and $88.3{\pm}0.7%$, respectively. And the content of total phenol compounds was higher in J2 and J4 compared to the others with value of $1773.8{\pm}2.9\;mg/kg$ and $1785.7{\pm}3.9\;mg/kg$ respectively. ACE inhibitory effect was higher in J2 and J4 than other soybean pastes with value of $63.1{\pm}1.0%$, $62.1{\pm}1.4%$, respectively. And aglycone type(daidzein, genistein) isoflavone content was higher than glucoside type(daidzin, genistin). But tyrosinase inhibitory effect was not different among test samples. From the results, soybean pastes with the sword beans(J2, J4) have higher anti-oxidant activity and ACE inhibitory effect than other soybean pastes, therefore, it may have potential to prevent hypertension.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.613-619
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• 2014

For the development of a hangover soup containing blue mussel, 11 kinds of hot water extracts were prepared - A (mistletoe); B (shepherd's purse); C (arrowroot); D (bean sprout); E (oriental raisin); F (blue mussel); G (blue mussel and mistletoe); H (blue mussel and shepherd's purse); I (blue mussel and arrowroot); J (blue mussel and bean sprout); and K (blue mussel and oriental raisin). Extract C showed the highest effect for increasing the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH); however, the addition of blue mussel did not provide a synergy effect on extract C. Other than the arrowroot-containing extracts (C and I), extract H showed relatively higher ADH ($237.4{\pm}1.7%$) and ALDH ($136.5{\pm}2.1%$) activities. Moreover, extract H showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity ($93.9{\pm}0.1%$) and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity ($42.7{\pm}1.6%$). The combination of blue mussel with shepherd's purse had a synergic effect on its ADH and ACE inhibitory activities.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.265-269
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop physiologically active plant materials from medicinal plants. Crude extracts and solvent fractions prepared from Lysimachia cletroides Duby were tested for their antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. For ellucidating antioxidant potential, inhibition rate on linoleic acid peroxidation, as well as scavenging activities on superoxide anion and 1,1-dipicrylphenylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were evaluated. For analyzing antihypertensive effect, inhibitory activity on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was done. Methanol extract of L. cletroides showed potent inhibition activity of 83% on linoleic acid peroxidation, which was more effective than -2% of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ at $25\;{\mu}g/ml$. Methanol and water extracts exhibited strong scavenging activities of $86{\sim}109%$ and $96{\sim}122%$ on superoxide anion radical which was higher than $-4{\sim}69%$ of ascorbic acid at $5{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/ml$. Hexane, ether and ethylacetate fractions possessed 133, 100 and 88% inhibitory activities on ACE at $4,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. From the results, it was expected that Lysimachia cletroides could be a new antioxidant and antihypertensive resource.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.919-925
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• 2006

The study was carried out to prepare oyster hydrolysates by using Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase, Protamex, pepsin and trypsin, and to investigate its functional properties. The ACE inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of enzymatic oyster hydrolysates did not increase with hydrolysis time. Among enzymatic oyster hydrolysates, oyster hydrolysates incubated with Protamex for 1 hr (OHP) showed the most excellent ACE inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity, and their $IC_{50}$ values were 1.16 mg/mL and 1.49 mg/mL, respectively. However, all enzymatic oyster hydrolysates were not detected in antimicrobial activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2023

COVID-19 caused a catastrophe in human health. People infected with COVID-19 also suffer from various clinical illnesses during and after the infection. The Boerhavia diffusa plant is well known for its antihypertensive activity. ACE-II inhibitors and calcium channel blockers are reported as mechanisms for the antihypertensive activity of B. diffusa phytoconstituents. Various studies have said ACE-II is the virus's binding site to attack host cells. COVID-19 treatment commonly employs a variety of synthetic antiviral and steroidal drugs. As a result, other clinical illnesses, such as hypertension and hyperglycemia, emerge as serious complications. Safe and effective drug delivery is a prime objective of the drug development process. COVID-19 is treated with various herbal treatments; however, they are not widely used due to their low potency. Many herbal plants and formulations are used to treat COVID-19 infection, in which B. diffusa is the most widely used plant. The current study relies on discovering active phytoconstituents with ACE-II inhibitory activity in the B. diffusa plant. As a result, it can be used as a treatment option for patients with COVID-19 and related diseases. Different phytoconstituents of the B. diffusa plant were selected from the reported literature. The activity of phytoconstituents against ACE-II proteins has been studied. Molecular docking and ligand-protein interaction computation tools are used in the in-silico experiment. Physicochemical, drug-likeness, water solubility, lipophilicity, and pharmacokinetic parameters are used to evaluate phytoconstituents. Liriodenine has the best drug-likeness, bioactivity, and binding score characteristics among the selected ligands. The in-silico study aims to find the therapeutic potential of B. diffusa phytoconstituents against ACE-II. Targeting ACE-II also shows an effect against SARS-CoV-2. It can serve as a rationale for designing a drug for patient infected with COVID-19 and associated diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.835-840
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of body and visceral portion of Haliotis discus hannai on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity. Extracts from both abalone body and visceral portion using 80% ethanol showed a high ACE-inhibitory effect. While ACE-inhibitory effect of extracts of the body part was dose-dependent, visceral extracts did not show any difference by the level of concentration. ACE-inhibitory effect of the visceral portion was much higher than that of the body. Antioxidant capacity was increased with increasing concentration of 80% ethanol body extracts although the capacity was low. The 80% ethanol visceral extracts showed a similar level of antioxidant capacity to the body extract in low concentration. Water extracts showed a dose-dependent increase in the activity. There was no significant difference in the antioxidant activity between the body and the visceral part. Anticoagulant capacity of 80% ethanol extracts, which was measured using prothrombin time(PT), was higher in the body part than the visceral part. Water extracts of Haliotis discus showed no any significant effect on anticoagulant capacity. The in vitro effects were also examined after Haliotis discus was refrigerated for 48 hours. Higher ACE-inhibitory effect was observed for the visceral portion than the body, in particular, before the sample was refrigerated. Antioxidant effect of Haliotis discus increased with increasing level of the sample before it was refrigerated. However, there was a significant difference between the body and the visceral part, which showed significantly higher capacity. There was no significant difference between the body and visceral part in PT regardless of refrigeration. While activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) showed no significant difference between body and visceral part, there was a significant difference in the capacity between before and after the refrigeration, which showed much lower coagulant capacity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.698-704
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• 2009

To evaluate a potential possibility of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver as a functional food, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitory activities of leaf, bark, stem and 4 compounds isolated from E. ulmoides were tested. The 4 compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and reverse phase column chromatography. Compound I was pinoresinol-4,4'di-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (PG) and compound II was dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4,${\gamma}$'-di-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (DAG) originating from Eucommial Cortex. The highest amount of PC was present at raw and roasted bark as 135.13 mg% and 163.67 mg%, and the highest amount of DAG was present at raw and roasted leaf as 117.93 mg% and 133.93 mg% respectively. In an ACE inhibition test, 10 mg/ml of roasted leaf, raw and roasted bark extracts of E. ulmoides Oliver were 77.49%, 75.72% and 75.36% respectively, and 10mg/ml of PC and DAG were shown to be 78.51 and 81.20% respectively. $IC_{50}$ values of PG and DAG were 0.6${\pm}$0.2 and 0.5${\pm}$0.2 mg/ml respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.671-676
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• 2014

In recent years, the growing interest in the health care benefits of sugared-plant fermented enzymes has led to increased consumption. This study investigated the fermentation of sugared-buchu (Leek:sugar, 1:3) by lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus AML 0422, Lactobacillus brevis HLJ 59, Lactobacillus helveticus AML0410, Lactobacillus plantarium KCTC 13093) and the antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and functionality (e.g., anti-hypertensive activity) of the fermented product. The fermented sugared-buchu showed high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1916, at 31.43 mm, and its total polyphenols, total flavonoid content, and DPPH scavenging activity were 160.8-178 mg/ml, 100-108 mg/ml, and 51.4-58.1%, respectively. DPPH scavenging activity was to that of vitamin C (50 ppm). ACE inhibitory activity was 50.4-67%, depending on the strain of lactic acid bacteria, and the control of sugared-buchu activity was higher than 32.6%. These results suggest that sugared-buchu fermented with lactic acid bacteria has strong antibacterial, antioxidant, and ACE inhibitory activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.549-556
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• 2015

This study extracted radish bud (Raphanus sativus L.) and investigated its nitrite scavenging activity, superoxide dismutases (SOD)-like activity, tyrosinase inhibition activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition activity, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity according to extraction solvent and sprouting period. For nitrite scavenging activity, each extract recorded its highest level of 81.44~89.71% at pH 1.2. Radish bud extracts on sprouting days 4 and 8 showed greater scavenging activities than those on sprouting day 12 at pH 1.2 and pH 4.0. There were differences in scavenging activity according to extraction solvent based on water extract exhibiting improved scavenging activity. Ethanol extract recorded scavenging activity of 16.12% at pH 6.0, which was similar to those of ethanol and methanol radish bud extracts on sprouting day 12. SOD-like activity of radish bud extracts was in the range of 4.57~27.05%. For comparison purposes, SOD-like activity of L-ascorbic acid was 52.15%, which was higher than that of radish bud extracts. Acetone and methanol extracts showed high SOD-like activities on sprouting day 8. SOD-like activity of radish bud extracts on sprouting day 12 significantly decreased to 4.57~15.59%. Radish bud extracts recorded good tyrosinase inhibitory activities on sprouting 8 and 12, whereas methanol extracts recorded the greatest tyrosinase inhibitory activity at 62.65~84.89%. Radish bud extracts recorded xanthine oxidase inhibition activity of 21.26~29.52% on sprouting day 4, and acetone extracts showed the highest level of xanthine oxidase inhibition activity. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity tended to decrease with sprouting period compared early on. ACE inhibitory activity was in the range of 12.48~51.78% according to sprouting period and extraction solvent. Ethanol extracts on sprouting day 8 showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity of 51.78%. These results will hopefully contribute to research into the identification of materials and development of products for natural functional foods.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 1996

This studies were conducted to select optimal enzyme that produced hydrolysate from soybean, and to evaluated functionality of hydrolysate. Soybean powder was suspended with water and hydrolyzed by seven commercial proteases. Hydrolysate produced with protease from Bacillus subtilis showed the highest inhibition effect on the activity of angiotension converting enzyme(ACE), and the condition of enzymatic hydrolysis was 5cA substrate concentration, 0. l% enzyme concentration, 4 hour hydrolysis time. Under above optimum condition, soybean was hydrolyzed with protease from Bacillus subtilis yielding a DH (degree of hydrolysis) of about 49%. Hyrophobicity of hydrolysate was not correlated with the inhibition effect on ACE activity. The functionality of hydrolysate was significantly influenced by pH. Solubility of hydrolysate at alkali solution was greater than that at acidic solution.