• Title/Summary/Keyword: ABIES KOREANA

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Vegetation Structure, Regeneration Niche, and Dynamics of the Saplings in Abies koreana Forest of the Mt. Chiri (지리산(智異山) 구상나무임분(林分)의 식생구조(植生構造)와 치수(稚樹) 발생(發生) 및 생육(生育) 동태(動態))

  • Chung, Jae Min;Lee, Soo Won;Lee, Kang Young
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.85 no.1
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    • pp.34-43
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    • 1996
  • We investigated the vegetation structure, and effects of canopy degree(gap or purlieu to 25%, 50%, 75%, over 75%) of the overstory on seedling regeneration and survivorship, and sapling density, growth and growth type of Abies koreana in subalpine of Mt. Chiri. The stem density in Abies koreana stand was higher in middle story than upper story, individual trees in upper story occupied larger area and were more apart, resulted in uniform distribution. The regeneration and survivorship of seedlings and saplings were best in 25% of crown closure, in order of 50%, gap, but lowest in over 75% of crown closure. The annual growth rate and recent 5 years growth rate of saplings were highest in gap or purlieu and getting lower toward gradually higher coverage of overstory. And 10- to 20-Year-old saplings were mainly regenerated in stands with lower density(I or II), but most of 20 to 30 years old saplings were growing in stands with higher density (III or IV). The number of "A" type saplings grown normally in gap or purlieu was gradually decreased in stand with higher density but the number of "D" or "E" types of which growth was supressed or prohibited by the high density was abruptly increased. Saplings normally growing in the gap and purlieu showed the panicle type, but those grown under dense crown were greatly suppressed and showed the umbellate type.

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Distribution and Stand Dynamics of Subalpine Conifer Species (Abies nephrolepis, A. koreana, and Picea jezoensis) in Baekdudaegan Protected Area (백두대간 보호지역 내 아고산 침엽수종(분비나무, 구상나무, 가문비나무)의 분포 현황과 임분 변화 특성)

  • Park, Go Eun;Kim, Eun-Sook;Jung, Sung-Cheol;Yun, Chung-weon;Kim, Jun-soo;Kim, Ji-dong;Kim, Jaebeom;Lim, Jong-Hwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.111 no.1
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    • pp.61-71
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    • 2022
  • Data from an investigation of vulnerable conifer species in the subalpine zone in Korea obtained by the Korea Forest Service in 2017-2018 and monitoring research conducted by the National Institute of Forest Science since 2014 were used to analyze the status of distribution and growing condition of three major conifer species (Abies nephrolepis, Abies koreana, and Picea jezoensis) in the subalpine zone in the Baekdudaegan protected area. The distribution area of the studied species in the Baekdudaegan protected area was ca. 74% (8,035 ha) of the total distribution area in Korea, indicating that Baekdudaegan is a core area for conservation and restoration of subalpine conifer species. From decline index [A. nephrolepis in Mt. Taebaeksan and Mt. Deogyusan increased by 77.3% and 29.6%, respectively; A. koreana in Mt. Jirisan (Chunwangbong Peak) increased by 45.2% in four years; and P. jezoensis in Mt. Jirisan (Chunwangbong Peak) increased by 47.8% in two years] and seedling frequency (lower frequency of newly recruited seedlings than dead seedlings) results, the studied species are expected to face difficulties in sustainability. In contrast, at Mt. Seseoksan and Chunwangbong Peak in Mt. Jirisan, the health of trees and seedling frequency showed a partial tendency to recover and increase. In addition, we identified the relationship between the decline index and seedling frequency. These results will support the implementation of conservation strategies for vulnerable conifer species in the subalpine zone.

Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) Based Image Segmentation of Rays in Softwoods

  • Hye-Ji, YOO;Ohkyung, KWON;Jeong-Wook, SEO
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.50 no.6
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    • pp.490-498
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    • 2022
  • The current study aimed to verify the image segmentation ability of rays in tangential thin sections of conifers using artificial intelligence technology. The applied model was Mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) and softwoods (viz. Picea jezoensis, Larix gmelinii, Abies nephrolepis, Abies koreana, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus cuspidata, Cryptomeria japonica, Cedrus deodara, Pinus koraiensis) were selected for the study. To take digital pictures, thin sections of thickness 10-15 ㎛ were cut using a microtome, and then stained using a 1:1 mixture of 0.5% astra blue and 1% safranin. In the digital images, rays were selected as detection objects, and Computer Vision Annotation Tool was used to annotate the rays in the training images taken from the tangential sections of the woods. The performance of the Mask R-CNN applied to select rays was as high as 0.837 mean average precision and saving the time more than half of that required for Ground Truth. During the image analysis process, however, division of the rays into two or more rays occurred. This caused some errors in the measurement of the ray height. To improve the image processing algorithms, further work on combining the fragments of a ray into one ray segment, and increasing the precision of the boundary between rays and the neighboring tissues is required.

Mendelian Inheritance of Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats Markers in Abies Koreans Wilson (구상나무에 있어서 Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats Marker의 유전양식(遺傳樣式))

  • Hong, Yong-Pyo;Cho, Kyung-Jin;Kim, Yong-Yul;Shin, Eun-Kyeong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.87 no.3
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    • pp.422-428
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    • 1998
  • Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-based inter-simple sequence repeats(I-SSR) markers were analyzed in 48 megagametophytes of a single tree of Abies koreana $W_{ILS}$. Nineteen of the 35 primers, screened with 6 megagametophyte DNA and produced the clearest amplification products in the preliminary experiment, were used for PCR with 48 megagametophyte DNAs sampled from a single tree. On the basis of the chi-square test, a total of 51 amplicons, amplified by the 19 primers, were revealed to be segregated according to the Mendelian ratio(i.e., 1 : 1 segregation ratio) in the 48 megagametophytes at 5% significance level. Based on the linkage analysis, the observed 51 Mendelian loci turned out to be unlinked each other, which suggested that they are evenly distributed in the genome. However, majority of RAPD markers are known to belong to the independent linkage blocks, which frequently results in the amplification of RAPD markers from the restricted regions of the genome. Owing to the nature of even distribution of the 51 loci observed in this study, the I-SSR markers could give better resolution of estimating genetic diversity from the whole genome than RAPD markers. And I-SSR markers are also more suitable than RAPD markers for reconstructing phylogenetic relationship by a cladistic method which requires to fulfil the assumption of independent evolution of the different characters.

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A Study on the Production and Decomposition of Litters of Major Forest Trees in Korea (우리 나라 주요 삼림수종의 낙엽의 생산과 분해에 관한 연구)

  • 김종희;장남기
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.33-43
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    • 1997
  • The production and decomposition rate of litters of major forest trees in Korea, such as Quercus acutissima, Quercus mogolica Robinia pseudoacacia Pinus rigida, Pinus thunbergiana, Abies koreana,Phy'llostackys reticulata, were estimated by Olson model. The amount of mineral nutrients in litters and soil were measured, and the relationships among them were studied. The annual litter production was the most in the forest of broadleaved deciduous trees and the least in the forest of monocotyledonous trees. The decomposition rate of broadleaved deciduous litters was higher than that of coniferous litters and lower than that of R. pseudoacacia litters. The time required for the decomposition of half of the accumulated organic matter of R.pseudoacacia litter, Quercus litter, P. rigida litter, Ph. reticulata litter, P. thunbergiana litter and .4.koreana litter in the forest stands were 1.263 years, 2.290~2.365 years, 2.644 years, 4.660 years,4.750 years, 6.699 years respectively. The amounts of N in litters and the amounts of N returned to the soil in the forests of R. pseudoacacia. Quercus, Pinus were proportional to the decay rate of organic matter. Key words: Annual litter production, Decomposition rate.

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Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) on the Forest Vegetation of Mt. Togyu National Park, Korea (Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA)에 의한 덕유산 국립공원의 삼림식생분석)

  • 김창환;길봉섭
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 1997
  • A study of forest vegetation in Mt. $T\v{o}kyu$ National Park was investigated by ordination technique. By TWINSPAN(Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis) method, 10 groups were recognized as follows: pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Quercus mongolica-Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Quercus mongolica-Abies koreana, Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudo-sieboldi-amum, Quercus mongolica-Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Carpinus laxiflora, Fraxinus mandshurica and Taxus cuspidata groups. The floristic composition of these groups showed high correlation to soil moisture(r=0.831), altitude(r=0.784), topography(r=-0.722), organic matter(r=0.642), and pH(r=-0.509) among various environmental factors. According to the results of CCA(Canonical Correspondence Analysis) Pinus densiflora group and Quercus variabilis group were situated in a xeric area at a lower altitude where soil nutrients were poor compared with the other groups. Fraxinus mandshurica group was distributed throughout the valley with high soil moisture and good nutrients, Quercus serrata group and Carpinus laxiflora group were found in the low altitude region with good nutrients, Quercus mongolica group, at the high altitude region with good nutrients, and Quercus mongolica-Acer koreana and Taxus cuspidata at higher altitudes(1, 400-1600 m).

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Vascular Plants Distributed in Jangseong Healing Forest (장성 치유의 숲에 분포하는 관속식물상)

  • Oh, Hyun-Kyung;Jin, Xin-Mei;You, Ju-Han
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.31-48
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for establishing the plan of usage and management of healing forest by surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed in Jangseong Healing Forest. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 338 taxa including 85 families, 211 genera, 294 species, 3 subspecies, 33 varieties and 8 forms. In the result of life form, hemicryptophytes and geophytes were the most common and hydrophytes were the least. The rare plants were 5 taxa including Abies koreana Wilson(planted), Thuja orientalis L.(planted), Scutellaria insignis Nakai, Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. and Arisaema heterophyllum Blume. The Korean endemic plants were 12 taxa including Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr., Indigofera koreana Ohwi, Lycoris flavescens M.Y.Kim & S.T.Lee and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 28 taxa including 2 taxa of grade IV, 3 taxa of grade III, 7 taxa of grade II and 16 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 20 taxa including Fallopia convolvulus (L.) $A.L{\ddot{o}}ve$, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Veronica arvensis L., Poa pratensis L. and so forth. The invasive alien plants were Rumex acetocella L. and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L..

제주지역 특산식물의 현황 및 활용방안

  • Go, Jeong-Gun
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2010.10a
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    • pp.5-5
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    • 2010
  • 제주지역에 분포하는 특산식물의 현황을 알아보기 위해 지난 2007년부터 2010년까지 현지조사를 실시하여 44과 75속 63종 17변종 13품종으로 총 93분류군에 대한 자생지 환경, 개체군 동태, 생육특성 및 위협요인 등에 대한 자료를 구축하였다. 이중 세계적으로 제주지역에만 분포하는 제주특산식물은 긴다람쥐꼬리(Huperzi integrifolium) 등 27과 46속 36종 12변종 8품종으로 총 56분류군으로 분석되었으며, 제주도를 포함하여 우리나라에만 분포하는 한국특산식물은 구상나무(Abies koreana) 등 20과 28속 24종 4변종 4품종으로 총 32분류군인 것으로 파악되었다. 그리고 조사대상 특산식물 중 바위좀고사리(Asplenium sarelii var. anogrammoides) 등 5분류군은 분류학적 검토와 함께 특산식물여부에 대한 검토가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고 개나리(Forsythia koreana)는 조경용으로 식재된 종이므로 제주지역에 자생지가 확인된 특산식물은 39과 70속 59종 16변종 12품종으로 총 87분류군으로 볼 수 있다. 제주지역의 특산식물은 해안지대에서 확인된 갯겨이삭(Puccinellia coreensis)부터 한라산 정상에서 자라는 한라솜다리(Leontopodium hallaisanense)까지 제주도 전역 분포하고 있으나 종에 따라 서로 다른 분포특성을 보였다. 특히, 한라산 해발 1,400m 이상 아고산대에 집중 분포하는 특성을 보였다. 특산식물의 자생지내 개체군의 동태를 보면 대부분의 식물이 개체수 및 분포범위가 한정되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이 지리산오갈피(Eleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis)는 2개체만이 확인되어 종보전이 시급한 것으로 조사되었고, 한라솜다리, 모데미풀(Megaleranthis saniculifolia), 한라각시둥굴레(Polygonatum humile var. humillimum) 등 상당수의 식물 종이 수십 개체 이내로 매우 적은 개체수를 유지하고 있었다. 제주지역에 분포하는 특산식물은 인위적 또는 자연적 요인으로 인해 많은 자생지 면적감소나 개체수 감소 등의 위협요인을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 중산간 이하에 자라는 특산식물은 접근성 등이 용이하여 도채 등의 위험성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 한라산국립공원 내에 분포하는 특산식물은 인위적 훼손 위험성은 상대적으로 낮은 편이나 자연적 요인 즉, 식생변화 등으로 인해 자생지 및 개체수 감소가 이루어질 것으로 보여 체계적인 종 보존전략이 마련되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 제주지역 특산식물 중 자생지가 확인된 식물 종을 대상으로 근연종 분석 등을 통해 유용성을 분석하면 식물체 일부가 약용으로 가능한 식물 종이 개족도리(Asarum maculatum) 등 전체의 67.1%를 차지하였고, 관상용으로 활용가치가 높은 식물 종은 구상나무(Abies koreana) 등 전체의 60.2%인 것으로 분석되었으나 대부분의 종이 희소성의 가치가 있어 모든 특산식물이 관상용으로 이용가치가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 제주지역에서 확인된 특산식물 중 전체적으로 90.9%가 유용성이 있는 것으로 나타나고 있으며 아직까지 유용성에 대한 정보가 미흡한 종도 자원적인 연구접근에 따라 다양한 자원으로 활용가치가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

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Floristic Study on T$\v{o}$kyusan National Park (덕유산 국립공원지역의 관속식물상)

  • 임경빈;김용식;전승훈;전정일
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.91-103
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    • 1994
  • The floristic characteristics and ecological conservation measures for the plant resources of the Tokyusan National Park. Chollapuk-do, Korea were discussed. The field works was done for three times in nine major areas from April to July, 1993. The total number of vascular plants in this area were summarized as 97 families, 297 genera, 469 species and 541 kinds. The nineteen kinds of artificially planted, twelve kinds of Korean endemics and sixteen kinds of Korean rare and endangered species in the area were revised and compiled in the list. The flora of the area were categorized into the Southern part of the Korean Region, where the species such as Quercus serrata. Fraxinus sieboldiana, Ilex macropoda, Lindera erythrocarpa, Lindera glauca, Rubus coreanus, Taxus cuspidata, Cephalotaxus koreana and Abies koreana were roled as major floristic components in the Korean Region and endemized in the southern part of Korea. The natural communities such as Adonis amurensis Community, Taxus cuspidata Community, Betula ermanii Community, Hemerocalis spp. Community, Rhododendron tschnoskii Community, Rhododendron schlippenbachii Community, Disporum ovale Community, Tricyrtis dilatata Community, and present natural distribution of Abies koreana, and swamp vegetation in Tumunsan areas, as well as upland grassland at the summit of Hyangchokpong were represented for their floristic values in the area. The fifteen kinds of medicinal plants such as Gastrodia elata, seven kinds of ornamental plants such as Adonis amurensis, and thirteen kinds of edible plants such as Ligularia fischeri are faced potentially in endangered from the outrageous collections by the local peoples. The Action Plan for the conservation management of the area which enables sustainable use by the local peoples must be established in the near future.

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A Study of the Vegetation in the Deogyusan National Park - Focused on the Forest Vegetation of the Anseong district - (덕유산국립공원의 식생에 관한 연구 - 안성지구의 산림 식생을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Hyoun-Sook;Lee, Sang-Myong;Song, Ho-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 2009
  • This study was carried out to classify vegetation structure of the Anseong district in the Deogyusan National Park from May 2007 to September 2008 using the gradient analyses and phytosociological method. The vegetation communities were classified into Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflara, Q. serrata, Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula davurica, B. costata, Pinus densiflora and Abies koreana. Characteristics of the vegetation such as species composition, layer structure, vegetation ratio, and the distribution of individual trees by DBH were significantly different among communities. The order of important value of the forest community with DBH 2cm above plants was Q. mongolica (40.02), C. laxiflora (25.65), Q. serrata (24.68), F. mandshurica (21.66), P. densiflora (19.12), Acer pseudosieboldianum (16.96), C. cordata (11.87), B. davurica (11.66), B. costata (10.90), Styrax obassia (10.90) and A. koreana (10.41). Distribution of DBH P. densiflora had a formality distribution, suggesting a continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being. In contrast, F. mandshurica appeared limited to the valley of the sheet and a higher frequency of young individuals, suggesting a continuous domination of these species the development of a climax forest terrain. This study showed the correlation between each community and the environment according to DCCA ordination. The A. koreana community predominated on the northern slope of the park in the high elevation habitats which had many O-M. F. mandshurica community predominated in the highest elevation habitats which had many Moisture, EX-Cation and T-N. The P. densiflora community mainly occurred on the southern slope of the park in the low elevation habitats which had few Moisture, O-M and T-N. The Q. serrata community and C. laxifiora community appeared on the park in the middle habitats.