• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1696-1702
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of body weight growth adjustment methods on genetic parameters of body growth and tissue among three pig breeds. Data collected on 101,820 Landrace, 281,411 Yorkshire, and 78,068 Duroc pigs, born in Korean swine breeder farms since 2000, were analyzed. Records included body weights on test day and amplitude (A)-mode ultrasound carcass measures of backfat thickness (BF), eye muscle area (EMA), and retail cut percentage (RCP). Days to 90 kg body weight (DAYS90), through an adjustment of the age based on the body weight at the test day, were obtained. Ultrasound measures were also pre-adjusted (ABF, EMA, AEMA, ARCP) based on their test day measures. The (co)variance components were obtained with 3 multi-trait animal models using the REMLF90 software package. Model I included DAYS90 and ultrasound traits, whereas model II and III accounted DAYS90 and pre-adjusted ultrasound traits. Fixed factors were sex (sex) and contemporary groups (herd-year-month of birth) for all traits among the models. Additionally, model I and II considered a linear covariate of final weight on the ultrasound measure traits. Heritability ($h^2$) estimates for DAYS90, BF, EMA, and RCP ranged from 0.36 to 0.42, 0.34 to 0.43, 0.20 to 0.22, and 0.39 to 0.45, respectively, among the models. The $h^2$ estimates of DAYS90 from model II and III were also somewhat similar. The $h^2$ for ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were 0.35 to 0.44, 0.20 to 0.25, and 0.41 to 0.46, respectively. Our heritability estimates varied mostly among the breeds. The genetic correlations ($r_G$) were moderately negative between DAYS90 and BF (-0.29 to -0.38), and between DAYS90 and EMA (-0.16 to -0.26). BF had strong $r_G$ with RCP (-0.87 to -0.93). Moderately positive $r_G$ existed between DAYS90 and RCP (0.20 to 0.28) and between EMA and RCP (0.35 to 0.44) among the breeds. For DAYS90, model II and III, its correlations with ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were mostly low or negligible except the $r_G$ between DAYS90 and AEMA from model III (0.27 to 0.30). The $r_G$ between AEMA and ABF and between AEMA and ARCP were moderate but with negative and positive signs, respectively; also reflected influence of pre-adjustments. However, the $r_G$ between BF and RCP remained non-influential to trait pre-adjustments or covariable fits. Therefore, we conclude that ultrasound measures taken at a body weight of about 90 kg as the test final should be adjusted for body weight growth. Our adjustment formulas, particularly those for BF and EMA, should be revised further to accommodate the added variation due to different performance testing endpoints with regard to differential growth in body composition.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

In this paper, by embedding a bare-die chip-type drive amplifier into the PCB composed of ABF and FR-4, it implements an embedded active device that can be applied in 28 GHz band modules. The ABF has a dielectric constant of 3.2 and a dielectric loss of 0.016. The FR-4 where the drive amplifier is embedded has a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a dielectric loss of 0.02. The proposed embedded module is processed into two structures, and S-parameter properties are confirmed with measurements. The two process structures are an embedding structure of face-up and an embedding structure of face-down. The fabricated module is measured on a designed test board using Taconic's TLY-5A(dielectric constant : 2.17, dielectric loss : 0.0002). The PCB which embedded into the face-down expected better gain performance due to shorter interconnection-line from the RF pad of the Bear-die chip to the pattern of formed layer. But it is verified that the ground at the bottom of the bear-die chip is grounded Through via, resulting in an oscillation. On the other hand, the face-up structure has a stable gain characteristic of more than 10 dB from 25 GHz to 30 GHz, with a gain of 12.32 dB at the center frequency of 28 GHz. The output characteristics of module embedded into the face-up structure are measured using signal generator and spectrum analyzer. When the input power (P_in) of the signal generator was applied from -10 dBm to 20 dBm, the gain compression point (P_1dB) of the embedded module was 20.38 dB. Ultimately, the bare-die chip used in this paper was verified through measurement that the oscillation is improved according to the grounding methods when embedding in a PCB. Thus, the module embedded into the face-up structure will be able to be properly used for communication modules in millimeter wave bands.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.534-535
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• 2001

수서동물의 아가미 형태 및 구조적 변화에 미치는 독성물질 또는 물리적인 스트레스의 영향에 관해서는 카드abf(You et al., 1978), 니켈, 크롬, 카드뮴(Hughes., 1979), 살충제(ojha et al., 1989), pH (Munshi and Singh, 1992), 염분농도(Kim et al., 1993; Moon, 1995), formalin (Ryu et al., 1998), 철 (Kang et al., 1999)등 많은 연구가 보고되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 연구 보고에서 나타난 대부분의 구조적 변화는 비특이적인 현상이지만, 스트레스 노출 조간과 무관한 것은 아니다 (Mallatt, 1985). (중략)

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1688-1696
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• 2008

We propose a hierarchical service management method using Bloom filters for large MANETs. In this paper, a MANET is comprised of logical grid hierarchy, and each mobile node within the lowest service region multicasts the Attenuated Bloom Filter (ABF) for services itself to other nodes within the region. To advertise and discovery a service efficiently, the server node of the lowest server region sends the Summary Bloom Filter (SBF) for the ABFs to the server node of upper server region. Each upper server has the set of SBFs for lower vicinity service regions. The traffic load of the proposed method is evaluated by an analytical model, and is compared with that of two alternative advertisement solutions: complete advertisement and no advertisement. As a result, we identify that the traffic load of the proposed method is much lower than that of two alternative advertisement solutions.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.703-703
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• 2018

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.291-299
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• 2004

Characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) was investigated in the experimental cross population between Berkshire and Yorkshire breed. A total of 512 F$_2$ offspring from 65 matting of F$_1$ parents were phenotyped the carcass traits included average daily gain (ADG), average backfat thickness (ABF), tenth rip backfat thickness (TRF), loin eye area (LEA), and last rip backfat thickness (LRF). All animals were genotyped for 125 markers across the genome. Marker linkage maps were derived and used in QTL analysis based on line cross least squares regression interval mapping. A decision tree to identify QTL with imprinting effects was developed based on tests against the Mendelian mode of QTL expression. To set the evidence of QTL presence, empirical significance thresholds were derived at chromosome-wise and genome-wise levels using specialized permutation strategies. Significance thresholds derived by the permutation test were validated in the data set based on simulation of a pedigree and data structure similar to the Berkshire-Yorkshire population. Genome scan revealed significant evidences for 13 imprinted QTLs affecting growth and body compositions of which nine were identified to be QTL with paternally expressed inheritance mode. Four of QTLs in the loin eye area (LEA), and tenth rip backfat thickness (TRF), a maternally expressed QTL were found on chromosome 10 and 12. These results support the useful statistical models to analyse the imprinting far the QTLs related carcass trait.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.447-454
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• 2001

For determining the relative genetic effects of Duroc (D) and Taoyuan (T) breeds on the economic traits of their hybrids, 72 litters of pigs, from four mating types, namely TT (T♂$\times$T♀), DD (D♂$\times$D♀) and D-T hybrids (TD, T♂$\times$D♀ and DT, D♂$\times$T♀) were used in this study. The various crossbreeding parameters were estimated by comparisons among mating types using linear contrasts of least-square analysis. The results of reproductive traits analysis showed that T breed had contributed superior genetic effects on the total number of piglets at birth (TBN) (p<0.10) and number of live piglets at 21 days (LP21) (p<0.05) to the D-T hybrids. Estimates of maternal genetic effects showed that the T females were superior in TBN (p<0.05), but inferior in average birth weight (ABW) and average litter birth weight (LBW) (p<0.01) to the D females. Direct heterosis effects were significant for LBW, LP21 and LWT21 (p<0.01). Least-squares analysis of other economic traits showed that T breed had relative negative effects on all growth traits, withers height (WH), body type index (BTI), average backfat thickness (ABF), carcass length (LENG), loin eye area (longissimus) (LEARA), and lean percentage (LEAN) of D-T hybrids (p<0.05). Estimates of direct genetic effects showed that the D breed was superior to the T breed in all growth and carcass traits except the average backfat (BF). Estimates of maternal genetic effects showed that average body weight at 180 days (WT180) of progenies from T sows were lighter than from D sows. Progenies from D females had larger and leaner carcass than those from T females. Direct heterosis effects were significant for average daily weight gains from 150 to 180 days ($ADG_{150-180}$) (p<0.05) and for average body weights at 150 (WT150), and 180 days (WT180), average daily weight gains from birth to 150 and 180 days ($ADG_{150}$ and $ADG_{180}$, respectively), WH, body length (BL), ABF, BTI, and LENG (p<0.01). The results showed that D-T hybrids tended to have superior TBN and LP21 than D breed, and to be superior in all growth and most conformation and carcass traits to the T breed.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 1999

We isolated the ANRI fragment from Aspergillus nidulons that could autononlously replicate and enhance transformation efficiency about $10^4$ fold compared lo the integrative vector in Saccha,omgcer cerevisioe. In A. nidulans recombinant plasmid pLJ16-4.5 which carries the 4.5 kb EcoRI fragment of ANRI showed a 170-[old increase of transformation efficiency compared to the integrative vector pLJ16 and could be recovered from iransfonnants as an intact form. Estimated copy number of transforming plasmid pLJ16-4.5 was scored as 2 to 3 copies in transformed A. nidulans. Recoinbinant plasinid pILJ16-4.5 is inilotically unstable; being lost Irom 65% of aswual progeny of transformants on selective medium and 90% on complete medium. Southern analysis of transformant DNA showed that the pILJ16-4.5 is maintained in free form. The sequencing data showed that ANRl fragment was originated from mitochondiral DNA of A. nid~ilans and contained high AT content as much as 74.7%. One ARS consensus sequence (A/T)TTr4T(A/G)TTT(AiT). I I ARS-like sequence (agreement 10 of 11) and ABFl binding core consensus sequence (TCN7ACG). Also six gyrase binding core consensus sequence (YRTGNYNNY: y=C or T, R=A or G, N=A, G, C or T) of $\Phi$X174 and SV40 DNA and one b site (CACTTTACC) combining with gyrase in ColEl are shown. ANRl can be developed as a repl&ng plasinid for lransfoimation system in A. nirlulmis.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.89-96
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• 2016

The performance of anti-submarine sonar detection is required to improve by the development of submarine noise reduction technology. because of the need of an anti-submarine detection ability, known for superior beamforming performance, adaptive beamforming algorithms have been considered as an alternative beamforming algorithm of a conventional beamforming algorithm. In order to achieve improved performance by applying an adaptive beamforming algorithm to the sonar system, the adaptive beamforming algorithm applicability of system must be verified, To do this, the performance index for the system applicability must be established. In this paper, a tracking initiation probability of the adaptive beamforming algorithm and the conventional beamforming algorithm was calculated and the performance of both techniques was quantified, a system applicability of the adaptive beamforming algorithm was reviewed.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.310-314
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• 2004

This is the re-arrangement of the 2004 Asia Nutrition & Dietary Supplement Conference organized by ABF(The Asia Business Forum) in Singapore, especially regulatory view of point of health functional foods for Korea, Japan, and China. Foods that may have health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients that they contain are often called 'Functional Foods'. The concept of functional foods has become popular in recent years, first in Japan and later in other countries, including the USA. In USA, The functional foods was controlled by ACSH (the American Council on Science and Health). In Korea, 'Functional Foods'. was defined on the 'The Law for the Health Functional Foods'(Law No. 6727 : effective as of $26^{th}$, Aug. 2002). KFDA(Korea Food and Drug Administration) is the only authority body for approval, advertisement and claims for the Health Functional Foods in Korea. In Japan, the Japan Health Food and Nutrition Food Association controls the approval, regulate functional foods' advertisement and claims under the name of FOSHU (Foods for Specified Health Uses). In China, the State Food and Drug Administration(SFDA) is the only authoritative organization for the application, supervision and administration of health related products. Asia, especially Korea, Japan and China, is one of the leader in the vitamins and dietary supplement(VDS) market. Regulatory issues on restrictions are the most important how to tap into the health functional foods market including Korea.