• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.43.1-43.5
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• 2019

Background: Reconstructive surgery is often required for tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region, irrespective of whether they are benign or malignant, the area involved, and the tumor size. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) models are increasingly used in reconstructive surgery. However, these models have rarely been adapted for the fabrication of custom-made reconstruction materials. In this report, we present a case of maxillary reconstruction using a laboratory-engineered, custom-made mesh plate from a 3D model. Case presentation: The patient was a 56-year-old female, who had undergone maxillary resection in 2011 for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma that presented as a swelling of the anterior maxillary gingiva. Five years later, there was no recurrence of the malignant tumor and a maxillary reconstruction was planned. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large bony defect in the dental-alveolar area of the anterior maxilla. Using the CT data, a 3D model of the maxilla was prepared, and the site of reconstruction determined. A custom-made mesh plate was fabricated using the 3D model (Okada Medical Supply, Tokyo, Japan). We performed the reconstruction using the custom-made titanium mesh plate and the particulate cancellous bone and marrow graft from her iliac bone. We employed the tunneling flap technique without alveolar crest incision, to prevent surgical wound dehiscence, mesh exposure, and alveolar bone loss. Ten months later, three dental implants were inserted in the graft. Before the final crown setting, we performed a gingivoplasty with palate mucosal graft. The patient has expressed total satisfaction with both the functional and esthetic outcomes of the procedure. Conclusion: We have successfully performed a maxillary and dental reconstruction using a custom-made, pre-bent titanium mesh plate.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.683-687
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• 2015

Aloe vera gel exhibits protective effects against insulin resistance as well as lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic effects. The anti-diabetic compounds in this gel were identified as Aloe-sterols. Aloe vera gel extract (AVGE) containing Aloe-sterols has recently been produced using a new procedure. We previously reported that AVGE reduced large-sized intestinal polyps in Apc-deficient Min mice fed a high fat diet (HFD), suggesting that Aloe vera gel may protect against colorectal cancer. In the present study, we examined the effects of Aloe vera gel powder (AVGP) and AVGE on azoxymethane-induced colorectal preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in mice fed a HFD. Male C57BL/6J mice were given a normal diet (ND), HFD, HFD containing 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose solution, which was used as a solvent for AVGE (HFDC), HFD containing 3% or 1% AVGP, and HFDC containing 0.0125% (H-) or 0.00375% (L-) AVGE. The number of ACF was significantly lower in mice given 3% AVGP and H-AVGE than in those given HFD or HFDC alone. Moreover, 3% AVGP, H-AVGE and L-AVGE significantly decreased the mean Ki-67 labeling index, assessed as a measure of cell proliferation in the colonic mucosa. In addition, hepatic phase II enzyme glutathione S-transferase mRNA levels were higher in the H-AVGE group than in the HFDC group. These results suggest that both AVGP and AVGE may have chemopreventive effects on colorectal carcinogenesis under the HFD condition. Furthermore, the concentration of Aloe-sterols was similar between 3% AVGP and H-AVGE, suggesting that Aloe-sterols were the main active ingredients in this experiment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4435-4440
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• 2013

Aloe vera gel supercritical $CO_2$ extract (AVGE) has been shown to contain five phytosterols, reduce visceral fat accumulation, and influence the metabolism of glucose and lipids in animal model experiments. Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that obesity is an established risk factor for several cancers including colorectal cancer. Therefore, we examined the effects of AVGE on intestinal polyp formation in Apc-deficient Min mice fed a high-fat diet. Male Min mice were divided into normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), low dose AVGE (HFD+LAVGE) and high dose AVGE (HFD+HAVGE) groups. The ND group received AIN-93G diet and the latter 3 groups were given modified high-fat AIN-93G diet (HFD) for 7 weeks. AVGE was suspended in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and administered orally to mice in HFD+LAVGE and HFD+HAVGE groups every day (except on Sunday) for 7 weeks at a dose of 3.75 and 12.5 mg/kg body weight, respectively. ND and HFD groups received 0.5% CMC alone. Between weeks 4 and 7, body weights in the HFD and HFD+LAVGE groups were reduced more than those in the ND group. However, body weights were not reduced in the HFD+HAVGE group. Mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and their intestines were scored for polyps. No significant differences were observed in either the incidence and multiplicity of intestinal polyps (${\geq}0.5$ mm in a diameter) among the three groups fed HFD. However, when intestinal polyps were categorized by their size into 0.5-1.4, 1.5-2.4, or ${\geq}2.5$ mm, the incidence and multiplicity of large polyps (${\geq}2.5$ mm) in the intestine in the HFD+HAVGE group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. We measured plasma lipid (triglycerides and total cholesterol) and adipocytokine [interleukin-6 and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin] levels as possible indicators of mechanisms of inhibition. The results showed that HMW adiponectin levels in the HFD group were significantly lower than those in the ND group. However, the levels in the HFD+HAVGE group were significantly higher than those in the HFD group. These results indicate that HAVGE reduced large-sized intestinal polyps and ameliorated reduction in plasma HMW adiponectin levels in Min mice fed HFD.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2014

Background Although the utility of flaps for the treatment of sternal wound infections following median sternotomy has been reported for 30 years, there have been few reports on the risk factors for complications after reconstruction. The objective of this investigation was to identify factors related to complications after the reconstruction of sternal wound infections. Methods A retrospective analysis of 74 patients with reconstructive surgery after sternal wound infection over a 5-year period was performed. Clinical data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, bacterial culture, previous cardiac surgery, wound depth, mortality rate, type of reconstructive procedure, and complication rate were collected. Results The patients' BMI ranged from 15.2 to $33.6kg/m^2$ (mean, $23.1{\pm}3.74kg/m^2$). Wound closure complications after reconstructive surgery were observed in 36.5% of the cases. The mortality rate was 2.7%. Diabetes mellitus significantly affected the rate of wound closure complications (P=0.041). A significant difference in the number of complications was seen between Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (P=0.011). There was a correlation between harvesting of the internal thoracic artery and postoperative complications (P=0.048). The complication rates of the pectoralis major flap, rectus abdominis flap, omentum flap, a combination of pectoralis major flap and rectus abdominis flap, and direct closure were 23.3%, 33.3%, 100%, 37.5%, and 35.7%, respectively. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus, S. aureus, harvesting of the internal thoracic artery, and omentum flap were significant factors for complications after reconstruction. The omentum flap volume may be related to the complications associated with the omentum flap transfer in the present study.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2000

배양 중인 담배의 약과 캘러스, 그리고 종자에 중이온 ($^{14}$ N 또는 $^{20}$ Ne) beam을 조사하여 중이온 beam 조사가 약의 반응, 캘러스의 생장, 종자의 발아와 초기 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 중이온 beam을 조사하기 전 10일간 preculture한 다음 beam을 조사한 약은 $^{14}$ N, $^{20}$ Ne 모두 20Gy 이상의 선량에서 캘러스 또는 신초유도가 없이 고사하였다. 배양 중인 캘러스는 $^{14}$ N 와 $^{20}$ Ne 이온 beam의 조사로 상대생장율이 감소하였고, 중이온 beam 조사 2주 후부터는 50 Gy 이상 선량 처리구에서 심하게 갈변하였다. 종자에 미치는 중이온 beam 조사의 영향으로 수분을 처리한 후 또는 수분 처리 없이 beam을 조사한 종자 모두에서 선종에 관계없이 선량이 증가함에 따라 발아를 지연시키며 유묘의 초기 생장을 억제하였다. 또한 수분을 흡수시킨 후 중이온 beam을 조사한 경우가 수분을 흡수시키지 않고 beam을 조사한 경우 보다 종자의 발아를 심하게 억제시켰다. 건조 상태의 종자에 중이온 beam을 조사한 경우 피조사체들의 특성과 생장의 초기단계에서 형태적 변이체를 검토하는데는 여과지를 이용한 방법보다 기내에서 배양하는 방법이 보다 효과적이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.673-679
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• 1998

The experiment was conducted to determine in situ rumen degradability of soybean meal (SM), fish meal (FM), sesame cake (SC) and Italian ryegrass hay (IRGH) and the effect of supplementing the above protein meals to IRGH on digestibility and balance of nutrients in three Saanen goats. For measuring the degradability, nylon bags containing each meal were incubated in the rumen of one fistulated dry cow for 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hrs. Degradability revealed that SM protein was highly degradable in the rumen (99.1%), while FM protein was less degradable (76.8%) with SC protein being intermediate (91.2%) at 48 hrs of incubation (p < 0.01). Degradation rate of the potentially degradable fraction was estimated to be 12.12, 5.88 and 5.88%/hr for SM, FM and SC, respectively. In the metabolism trial, all goats were offered daily 900 g IRGH and one of the supplements, SM (100 g), FM (75 g) or SC (100 g). Intake of DM, OM, CP and GE was similar among diets. However, digestibility of OM for SC diet was significantly lower than that for diets supplemented with FM and SM (p < 0.10). Nitrogen (N) excreted in faeces (p < 0.05) and in urine (p < 0.10) was, respectively, higher and lower for SC diet than that for the other two diets. The same tendency was observed in energy losses in faeces (p < 0.10) and in urine (p < 0.05). There was no difference in energy loss in methane or in heat production among diets. Consequently, no significant difference was observed in N retention (2.13, 0.42 and -0.11 g/day for FM, SC and SM diet, respectively) or in energy retention (-1.49, -2.14 and -2.70 MJ/day for FM, SM and SC diet, respectively). These results showed that protein supplements affected the digestion of diets based on grass hay with 7.45% CP in DM in goats, although there was no significant influence on N or energy retention.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.948-956
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• 2000

The effect of high and low level of feed intakes on nutrient digestibility, nutrient losses through methane, energy and protein utilization by goats fed on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pellets based diets was investigated in this study. Twelve castrated Japanese goats were employed in two subsequent digestion and metabolism trials. The goats were divided into three groups, offered three diets. Diet 1 consisted of 100% alfalfa pellet, Diet 2 was 70% alfalfa pellet and 30% corn, and Diet 3 was 40% alfalfa pellet and 60% corn. The two intake levels were high (1.6 times) and low (0.9 times) the maintenance requirement of total digestible nutrients (TON). Rumen ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) level of Diet 1 was lower (p<0.001) compared to Diets 2 and 3, but the values were always above the critical level (I50 mg/liter), The pH values of rumen liquor ranged from 6.02 to 7.30. Apparent digestibility of nutrient components did not show differences (p>0.05) between the two intake levels but inclusion of corn significantly altered the nutrient digestibility. Diet 3 had highest (p<0.001) dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen fee extract (NFE) digestibility followed by the Diet 2 and Diet 1. The crude protein (CP) digestibility values among the three diets were in a narrow range (70.1 to 70.8%). Crude fiber (CF) digestibility for Diet 3 was slight higher (p>0.05) than that for other two diets. When alfalfa was replaced by corn, there were highly significant (p<0.001) increases in DM, OM, EE and NFE apparent digestibility and a slight increase in the CF digestibility (p>0.05). There were no differences (p>0.05) in energy losses as methane ($CH_4$) and heat production among the diets but energy loss through urine was higher for the Diet 1. The total energy loss as $CH_4$ and heat production were higher for the high intake level but the energy loss as $CH_4$ per gram DM intake were same (0.305 kcal/g) between the high and low intake level. Retained energy (RE) was higher for Diet 3 and Diet 2. Nitrogen (N) losses through feces and urine were higher (p<0.001) for Diet 1. Consequently, N retention was lower (p>0.05) for Diet 1 and higher in Diets 3 and 2. It is concluded that inclusion of corn with alfalfa increased the metabolizable energy (ME) and RE, and retained N through reducing the energy and N losses. The high level of intake reduced the rate of nutrient losses through feces and urine.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제37호
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• pp.29-50
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• 2013

최근 동북아시아 각국은 천안함 피격, 연평도 포격 등 북한의 대남 도발, 북한의 장거리미사일 발사와 핵실험 등 군사적 위협, 센카쿠 열도(댜오위다오)를 둘러싼 중국과 일본 간의 충돌 등 심각한 안보 위기를 맞고 있다. 특히 한국과 일본은 각기 2013년 2월 박근혜 정부, 2012년 12월 제2차 아베 신조(안부보삼(安部普三)) 내각 등 새로운 정권 출범을 맞아, 공히 주요 선거공약으로 제시한바 있는 위기관리 및 안보 정책의 정비 강화를 시도하고 있다. 그 핵심 중 하나는 최근 미국의 모델을 참조로 한 안보 및 위기관리 정책에서의 NSC 또는 그 유사 기구의 기능 확대 및 강화이다. 해당 각국의 NSC 조직은 각기 다른 특성을 가지고 있으나, 현 정치 안보 상황에서 안보 및 위기관리 정책의 컨트롤 타워로서 주된 역할을 담당할 수 있는 잠재성이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 한국, 미국, 일본 등 3개 국가 정부의 NSC 기구를 그 조직, 기능, 역사를 중심으로 비교 분석하고, 최근 이 3개 국가들, 특히 대한민국이 직면한 정치 안보 상황에 비추어 시사점을 도출해 보고자 한다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제40권
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• pp.4.1-4.4
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• 2018

Background: Along with the advances in technology of three-dimensional (3D) printer, it became a possible to make more precise patient-specific 3D model in the various fields including oral and maxillofacial surgery. When creating 3D models of the mandible and maxilla, it is easier to make a single unit with a fused temporomandibular joint, though this results in poor operability of the model. However, while models created with a separate mandible and maxilla have operability, it can be difficult to fully restore the position of the condylar after simulation. The purpose of this study is to introduce and asses the novel condylar repositioning method in 3D model preoperational simulation. Methods: Our novel condylar repositioning method is simple to apply two irregularities in 3D models. Three oral surgeons measured and evaluated one linear distance and two angles in 3D models. Results: This study included two patients who underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and two benign tumor patients who underwent segmental mandibulectomy and immediate reconstruction. For each SSRO case, the mandibular condyles were designed to be convex and the glenoid cavities were designed to be concave. For the benign tumor cases, the margins on the resection side, including the joint portions, were designed to be convex, and the resection margin was designed to be concave. The distance from the mandibular ramus to the tip of the maxillary canine, the angle created by joining the inferior edge of the orbit to the tip of the maxillary canine and the ramus, the angle created by the lines from the base of the mentum to the endpoint of the condyle, and the angle between the most lateral point of the condyle and the most medial point of the condyle were measured before and after simulations. Near-complete matches were observed for all items measured before and after model simulations of surgery in all jaw deformity and reconstruction cases. Conclusions: We demonstrated that 3D models manufactured using our method can be applied to simulations and fully restore the position of the condyle without the need for special devices.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.160-177
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• 2019

본 논문은 광치 도요타사를 사례로 한 일본계 자동차 메이커의 중국 시장 딜러 분포와 수리 및 보수용 부품의 관리 체제에 대해 검토한다. 조사 방법으로, 광치 도요타사의 어느 딜러를 통하여, 딜러의 전국적인 분포 상황과 부품물류창고의 입지 상황, 수리 및 보수용 부품의 재고 상황과 배송 시스템 등에 대한 정보를 입수했다. 조사 결과로, 당사는 전국에 437개 점포에 딜러가 있으나, 인구비율 등을 고려하면 점포의 분포가 해안 지역에 치우치고 있으며, 근년 자동차의 수요가 높아지고 있는 내륙 지역 진출이 늦어지고 있다. 한편으로, 지역별 GDP 총액과 점포 수 사이에 높은 상관관계가 있으며, 당사에서는 비교적 경제규모가 작은 내륙 지역의 소비자를 대상으로 한 저가격의 차종을 판매하는 것보다, 경제규모가 큰 해안 지역의 대도시에서 고가의 자동차를 판매하는 것을 중요시하고 있다. 그리고 당사의 점포수가 확대되지 않는 요인으로써, 당사가 중요시하는 충분한 사후 서비스를 운영하는 딜러를 확보하는 것이 어렵다는 점이 꼽힌다. 당사에서는 딜러에게 수리 및 보수용 부품 중, 최저 1,500점 이상의 재고를 확보하도록 하는 방침을 살피고 있다. 또한 보수용 부품을 교환할 경우, 고객에게 충분한 설명을 하는 것과 동의를 얻는 것으로 하여금 고객 만족도를 높이는 것을 딜러에게 요청하고 있다. 그렇기 때문에, 당사의 딜러에게 장기적인 시점으로 사업을 계속할 수 있는 자금력이 필요로 하지만, 이러한 딜러가 한정적인 점과 메이커와 딜러 사이의 이익 배분이 어려운 점이 지적된다.