• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.841-857
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• 2012

Preliminary ecological environmental assessments including physico-chemical constituents, water quality, fish fauna analysis, physical habitat health, and ecological health assessment were conducted as a primary step for Jeungchon micro-habitat ecosystem restoration in 2012. Water chemistry analysis of conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a and etc. indicated that there were no significant differences(p < 0.05) among 6 sites between the headwaters and downstream. Multi-metric model analysis of Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index(QHEI) showed that brooklets were at "good condition" as a mean QHEI of 158.7(n = 6) and the longitudinal differences of the model values between the sites were minor(QHEI range: 153 - 165). Total fish species and the number of individuals were 12 and 481, respectively, and dominant species were Zacco platypus(49.5%) and Zacco koreanus(36.8%). Tolerance guild analysis showed that the proportion of sensitive species($S_S$) had a negative linear function[$S_S=86.35-0.31(D_H)$; $R^2$ = 0.892, p < 0.01] with a distance from the headwaters, while the proportion of tolerant species($T_S$) had a positive linear function($R^2$ = 0.950, F = 90.28, p < 0.001) with the distance. Trophic feeding guild analysis showed that the proportion of insectivore species($I_n$) had a negative linear function($R^2$ = 0.934, p < 0.01) with a distance from the headwaters, while the proportion of omnivore species($O_m$) had a positive linear function($R^2$ = 0.958, p < 0.001) with the distance. Index of Biological Integrity(IBI) model, based on fish assemblages, showed a "fair condition" as a mean IBI of 23(n = 6), and there was a distinct differences of ecological health between the headwaters(S1 = 30; "good condition") and the downstreams(S6 = 14; "poor condition"). Overall, the preliminary environmental impact assessments suggest that water quality, physical habitat conditions(QHEI model), and ecological health(IBI model) were maintained well, even if the state was not an excellent conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1625-1631
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• 2016

Forty-eight barrows with an average initial body weight of $25.5{\pm}0.3kg$ were assigned to 6 dietary treatments arranged in a $3{\times}2$ factorial of 3 graded levels of P at 1.42, 2.07, or 2.72 g/kg, and 2 levels of casein at 0 or 50 g/kg to compare the estimates of true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of P in soybean meal (SBM) for pigs fed diets with or without casein supplementation. The SBM is the only source of P in diets without casein, and in the diet with added casein, 1.0 to 2.4 g/kg of total dietary P was supplied by SBM as dietary level of SBM increased. The experiment consisted of a 5-d adjustment period and a 5-d total collection period with ferric oxide as a maker to indicate the initiation and termination of fecal collection. There were interactive effects of casein supplementation and total dietary P level on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and retention of P (p<0.05). Dietary P intake, fecal P output, digested P and retained P were increased linearly with graded increasing levels of SBM in diets regardless of casein addition (p<0.01). Compared with diets without casein, there was a reduction in fecal P in the casein-supplemented diets, which led to increases in digested P, retained P, ATTD, and retention of P (p<0.01). Digested N, ATTD of N, retained N, and N retention were affected by the interaction of casein supplementation and dietary P level (p<0.05). Fecal N output, urinary N output, digested N, and retained N increased linearly with graded increasing levels of SBM for each type of diet (p<0.01). The estimates of TTTD of P in SBM, derived from the regression of daily digested P against daily P intake, for pigs fed diets without casein and with casein were calculated to be 37.3% and 38.6%, respectively. Regressing daily digested N against daily N intake, the TTTD of N in SBM were determined at 94.3% and 94.4% for diets without casein and with added casein, respectively. There was no difference in determined values of TTTD of P or N in SBM for pigs fed diets with or without casein (p>0.05). In summary, our results demonstrate that the estimates of TTTD of P in SBM for pigs were not affected by constant casein inclusion in the basal diets.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2019

최근 비만에 의해 과발현된 신경세포형 산화질소 생성효소(neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nNOS)가 정서적 행동을 조절하는 중요한 인자라는 보고되었다. 이와 관련한 최근의 연구에서 운동이 비만에 의해 과발현된 nNOS를 억제하고 정서적 우울감과 항불안 효과를 감소시켰다는 연구결과가 보고되었다. 운동은 nNOS를 억제하여 뇌의 기능을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과적인 전략으로 보이지만 운동은 강도에 따라 면역 반응에 큰 차이가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고지방식이(high-fat diet, HFD)로 유도된 비만 마우스에서 다른 강도의 운동을 실시하여 해마의 nNOS 발현의 차이를 분석하고자 하였다. 실험동물은 C57BL/6 마우스를 사용하였다. 대조군(CON, n=14)을 제외한 마우스(n=35)에게 6주 동안 60%의 고지방식이를 섭취시켜 비만을 유도하였다. 6주간의 비만유도 기간이 종료된 후 CON과 비만이 유도된 동물 각각 7마리씩 희생하여 비만유도를 확인하는데 사용되었다. 나머지 동물은 8주간의 운동중재 연구에 이용되었다. 이 때 CON을 제외하고 비만이 유도된 동물들은 고지방대조군(HFD) 그리고 저강도운동군(HFD-LI, n=7) 중강도운동군(HFD-MI, n=7) 그리고 HFD-고강도(HFD-HI, n=7)로 나누어졌다. HFD-LI는 12 m/min으로 75분, HFD-MI는 15 m/min으로 60분 그리고 HFD-HI는 18 m/min으로 50분 동안 동물용 트레드밀에서 운동이 수행되었다(동등한 운동량, 900 m). 해마(hippocampus)의 nNOS 단백질의 발현은 CON에 비해 HFD에서 유의하게 높았고(p<0.01), CON과 운동을 실시한 모든 그룹과 차이가 없었다. 하지만 HFD-LI에 비해 HFD-HI가 유의하게 nNOS 발현이 낮았다(p<0.05). 대뇌피질에서는 CON에 비해 HFD에서 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.01), 다른 그룹 간에 차이는 없었다. nNOS의 생성을 조절할 수 있는 인산화된 Akt (pAkt)의 발현이 CON과 HFD에 비해 운동을 실시한 나머지 그룹 모두에서 유의하게 높았다. 대뇌피질에서의 pAkt의 발현에서는 차이가 모든 그룹 간에 차이가 없었고, 소뇌에서는 CON에 비해 HFD-HI에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 소뇌에서는 각 그룹 간에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 nNOS는 고지방식이와 비만에 의해 과발현된 것으로 보여지고 이를 운동을 통하여 낮출 수 있는 것으로 보여지며, 이 때 운동량이 같다는 가정하에 상대적으로 높은 강도가 효과적일 가능성이 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.806-809
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• 1999

The present study showed the advantages of dried Bacillus subtilis culture (DBSC) supplementation on reducing ammonia gas release in the poultry house. In Experiment 1, 65-week-old Hyline W-36 hens were raised in individual wire-floor cages in a windowless house, and divided into two groups of 180 hens each. One group was fed diets without DBSC as the control and another group was fed a diet supplemented with 2% DBSC. In Experiment 2, 2-week-old broiler chicks were divided into 3 treatment groups of 20 chicks each and maintained in individual floor cages. One group was fed the diet without DBSC and other two groups were fed the diet supplemented with 1 or 2% DBSC, respectively. In experiment 1, DBSC consistently reduced ammonia gas release in the laying house (p<0.01) and manure storage facilities (p<0.01). incubation of feces for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24 or 48 hours showed that DBSC consistently reduced ammonia gas release. In Experiment 2, DBSC reduced ammonia gas release in the broiler house; however, DBSC had no effect on total N, urate-N and ammonia-N contents of feces, but it improved cumulative N utilization and decreased serum urea-N concentration when chicks when chicks were fed 1% DBSC.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of massage and muscle reeducation training with conventional treatment in patients with facial paralysis. Methods: Twenty-five patients with facial nerve paralysis were randomly allocated to 3 groups: massage, muscle reeducation training, and control groups. Therapeutic intervention for the massage (n=8) and muscle reeducation training (n=8) groups consisted of conventional therapy such as application of hot pack and electrical stimulation plus massage therapy and muscle reeducation training, respectively. The control group (n=9) received only conventional therapy. Therapeutic intervention for each group was performed 6 times per week for 4 weeks. The patients were assessed by using the House-Brackmann Grading System (H-B grade) and Yanagihara Unweighted Grading System (Y grade) once every week. Results: The H-B and Y grades improved significantly in all 3 groups after a 4-week intervention (p<.01). At 3 and 4 weeks, the H-B and Y grades of the massage group improved significantly when compared with those of the control group (p<.01). Muscle reeducation training group showed significant improvements in the scores of the two grades with time when compared with the massage and control groups (p<.01). The rate of change in the H-B grade was significantly different between the control and muscle reeducation training groups (p<.01), and that of change in the Y grade was significantly different between the control and muscle reeducation training groups (p<.01) and between the control and massage groups (p<.01). Conclusion: These findings suggest that massage and muscle reeducation training are more effective in improving the condition of patients with facial nerve paralysis than conventional therapy. In particular, the results of this study indicate that muscle reeducation training can be recommended by clinicians since it provides more benefits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1572-1576
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• 2003

A growth trial of 180 days was conducted on 18 crossbred calves (6-9 months, $73.48{\pm}6.52kg)$ by randomly allotting to two complete diets and a conventional diet (6 in each group). The complete diets were formulated containing 40 per cent cotton straw, one processed in mash form and other subjected to expander-extruder pelletization (EEP). These two complete diets were compared with conventional system of feeding under which concentrate mixture and cotton straw were fed separately in a 60:40 ratio. The calves on EEP complete diet consumed more (p<0.01) DM in comparison to other two groups. The DMI per 100 kg body weight was similar among all the diets. The ADG was significantly (p<0.01) higher in calves fed EEP complete diets (815.4 g) followed by mash (627.0 g) in comparison to conventional diet (464.9 g). The DM intake per kg metabolic body weight was higher (p<0.01) on complete diet than conventional diet. The intakes of DCP (p<0.05), TDN (p<0.01), and ME (p<0.01) per kg metabolic body weight were significantly higher on EEP complete diet in comparison to mash and conventional diet. The water intake per kg DM intake was comparable among all the diets. The efficiency of DM utilisation was higher p (<0.05) on EEP complete diet (5.84) in comparison to conventional diet (7.41), whereas on mash diet it was intermediate (6.68). The efficiency of DCP utilization was similar in mash and EEP complete diet fed groups, which was higher (p<0.05) than that of the conventional diet. Expander-extrusion though increased the cost of production it reduced the cost of feed per unit live weight gain by 12.28% in comparison to its mash form and by 16.76% when concentrate and cotton straw were fed separately. The results indicated that blending of cotton straw along with concentrates in a complete diet increased the palatability of the straw in comparison to conventional system and expander extruder processing of cotton straw based complete diet gave better growth performance and may form an economic ration for growing crossbred calves.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a composite feed additive (CFA) consisting of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and choline on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat properties of Hanwoo steers. Twenty-two late fattening steers were randomly assigned to one of two dietary groups, control (commercial concentrate + rice straw) and treatment (commercial concentrate + rice straw + 50 g of CFA). Average daily gain (ADG) was 4.0% higher in treatment than that in control; however, there was no statistically significant difference. The supplementation of CFA had no effect on overall yield or quality traits of carcass. CFA had no effect on chemical composition, water holding capacity, shear force, cooking loss, or myoglobin values in longissimus muscle; however, the content of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was increased by supplementation of CFA (p < 0.01). The contents of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid and n-3 fatty acids were higher in treatment group than in control (p < 0.01). The ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids was decreased by supplementation of CFA (p < 0.01). The supplementation of CFA had no effect on pH or thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in longissimus muscle (raw); however, TBARS (cooked) values were lower in treatment group than in control during refrigerated storage (p < 0.01). Thus, the results indicate that the supplementation of CFA (vitamin C + vitamin E + selenium + choline) had some positive effects on the increase in ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and n-3 fatty in longissimus muscle, without any negative effect on growth performance or carcass characteristics of late fattening Hanwoo steers.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 1977

일반 생산농가에서 감자를 주식으로 혼취할 수 있는 감자쌀로 제조하기 위하여 감자의 변색방지처리법, 위생상의 안전성을 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 1. 변색방지처리법에서는 열탕 blanching처리법은 $3{\sim}6$분 정도의 처리로 색갈이 좋아 실용성이 있었고 열수침지법은 변색방지 효과가 적고 염수가 열 처리법은 $6{\sim}10$분 처리로서 색갈은 좋아지나 실용성이 없었다. 염산침지법은 0.1N농도로 4분이상처리 한 것 부터 0.5N이하의 농도에서 침지처리한 것 까지는 어느정도 실용성이 있는 것으로 생각되며 염산가열처리법은 $0.04{\sim}0.06N$의 염산용액농도에서 $3{\sim}5$분간 처리하면 실용성 있는 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 메타중아황산칼륨용액침지법은 0.05%의 농도로 50분이상, 0.06%의 농도로 40분이상 0.065%의 농도면 어느 시간처리에서나 그 감자쌀은 윤기가 없으나 이것으로 취반을 하면 색갈 및 변색기호도가 좋게 되어 실용성이 있는 것으로 생각되며 메타중아황산칼륨 용액침지가열법은 0.01%의 농도에서 30분이상 침지처리하여 가열처리하면 실용성이 있게 기호도가 높았다. 2. 위생상의 안전성검토에서는 메타중아황산칼륨용액침지처리구에서 아황산가스의 함량이 식품위생법상의 한계량이내에 있어 안전하였으며 메타중아황산칼침용액 침지가열처리는 0.01%농도에서의 전침지와 $2{\sim}6$분 가열처리, 그리고 0.03%농도에서 30분 침지와 4분이내의 가열처리만이 식품위생법상의 한계량을 초과하지 않아 안전하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 변색방지처리에서 감자쌀 및 감자쌀밥의 색갈, 백도변색기호도와 메타중아황산칼륨처리에서의 식품위생상의 안전성을 고려한 실용성 있는 방법으로는 $3{\sim}6$분간의 열탕 blanching처리, 0.1N HCI에서 $4{\sim}5$분간 또는 0.5N HCl에서 $1{\sim}5$분간의 염산침지처리 그리고 $0.04{\sim}0.06N$ HCI에서 $3{\sim}5$분간 염산가열처리, $0.05{\sim}0.065%$의 메타중아황산칼륨침지처리 그리고 0.01%의 메타중아황산칼륨용액에 가열처리하는 것을 들 수 있다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2013

큰 반소수 n=pq의 소인수 p,q를 나눗셈 시행법으로 직접 찾는 것은 현실적으로 거의 불가능하다. 따라서 대부분의 소인수분해 알고리즘은$a^2{\equiv}b^2$ (mod n)의 제곱합동을 찾아 p=GCD(a-b, n), q=GCD(a+b, n)의 소인수를 찾는 간접 방법을 적용하고 있다. n = pq에 대해 p와 q를 선택한 영역은 $l(p)=l(q)=l(\sqrt{n})=0.5l(n)$의 [$10{\cdots}01$, $99{\cdots}9$] 범위에서 $\sqrt{n}$을 기준으로 $10{\cdots}00$ < p < $\sqrt{n}$과 $\sqrt{n}$ < q < $99{\cdots}9$에 존재한다는 사실만이 밝혀졌다. 본 논문은 n으로 부터 획득한 정보를 이용하여 p의 범위를 보다 축소시키는 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 $n=n_{LR}+n_{RL}$, $l(n_{LR})=l(n_{RL})=l(\sqrt{n})$으로 분할하여 $p_{min}=n_{LR}$, $q_{min}=n_{RL}$로 설정하는 방법을 적용하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 n의 정보로 p의 범위를 축소하는 방법은 $\sqrt{n}$의 정보로 p의 범위 축소 방법에 비해 최소 17.79%에서 최대 90.17%의 범위 축소 효과를 얻었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제6권3_4호
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• pp.155-161
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• 1991

The water quality in Wonju stream, Seom river in Kangwon province and Bokha, Shindun stream in Kyeonggi province was investigated between the season of irrigation on July, 1990 and of non-irrigation on September in 1989. The results of water quality obtained from this study were as follows; As for water quality of the Wonju stream and the Seom river, the concentration of COD, T-N, SS and Cu, and for the Bokha, Shindun stream, the concentration of T-N, SS and Cu were exceeded standard levels of quality guideline of agricultural water use in the season of irrigation. However, in the water quality of Wonju and Bokha stream, the concentration of T-N , SS and Cu, and in the Seom river, the concentration of T-N, SS, Cu and Zn were exceeded standard levels of agricultural water quality in the season of non-irrigation. And the average water quality of the 4 streams were not suitable for agricultural water use. The comparison of the annual average water quality of the 4 streams for pH, DO, T-N and SS were in statistics significantly different with p values less than 0.01. When the average water quality between the season of irrigation and non-irrigation in each stream was compared, DO and COD in the Wonju stream, COD in the Seom river, pH, DO, T-N, SS and Cu in the Shindun stream showed a significant difference with p<0.01. The average in the sediment were; COD, 5.65∼26.53 ppm; Cu, 0.26∼0.49 ppm and Zn 0.95∼2.97 ppm. The concentration of three contaminants were markedly higher than the water quality. And the concentration of COD, Zn in the sediment showed a significant difference with p<0.01, and Cu showed a considerably significant difference with p<0.05.