• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.487-500
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• 2014

The elementary school curriculum includes some statistical concepts and many graphical methods. However, statistical concepts are difficult to understand; consequently, many of those graphs and numerical summaries are obtained by hand. We develop an intuitive statistics education package called Tong-Gramy focused on 5-8 graders to help students and teachers study statistics. This software covers numerical and graphical statistics that appear in 5-8 graders' textbooks. The graphs provided are dynamically linked to data and every graph is linked to every datum. The graphs of Tong-Gramy are dynamic graphs and morphing technology is used where applicable.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.487-492
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• 2007

This paper presents the development of digital robust fuzzy controller for uncertain nonlinear systems. The proposed approach is based on the intelligent digital redesign(IDR) method with considering the relaxed stability condition of fuzzy control system. The term IDR in the concerned system is to convert an existing analog robust control into an equivalent digital counterpart in the sense of the state-matching. We shows that the IDR problem can be reduced to find the digital fuzzy gains minimizing the norm distance between the closed-loop states of the analog and digital robust control systems. Its constructive conditions are expressed as the linear matrix inequalities(LMIs) and thereby easily tractable by the convex optimization techniques. Based on the nonquadratic Lyapunov function, the robust stabilization conditions are given for the sampled-data fuzzy system, and hence less conservative. A numerical example, chaotic Lorentz system, is demonstrated to visualize the feasibility of the proposed methodology.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.487-492
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• 2004

This paper deals with modeling method and application of Fuzzy Discrete Event System(FDES). FDES have characteristics which Crisp Discrete Event System(CDES) can't deals with and is constituted with the events that is determined by vague and uncertain judgement like biomedical or traffic control. In general, the modeling method of CDES has been studied many times, but that of FDES hasn't been nearly studied by qualitative character and scarcity of applicated system. This paper models traffic system with FDES's character in FTTPN and designs a traffic signal controller.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.487-494
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• 2008

An experimental assessment has been made of the drag reducing efficiency of the outer-layer vertical blades, which were first devised by Hutchins (2003). The drag reduction efficiency of the blades was reported to reach as much as 30%. The assessment of the drag reducing efficiency is mainly restricted to the downstream region of the blades. Indeed, sufficient care has not been taken to such adverse effects as the increase in the wetted surface area and the flow disturbances due to the presence of the blades. In the present study, a series of drag force measurements in towing tank and circulating water channel has been performed toward the assessments of the total drag reduction efficiency of the outer-layer vertical blades.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.487-498
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to classify the lifestyles of 20's and 30's male consumers, identify the differences among the lifestyle groups, and analyze clothing values and buying behaviors according to the lifestyle types. The results of the study were as follows. First, as a result of cluster analysis to classify the lifestyles of 20's and 30's male consumers, 4 groups were identified as "adventurous and self-accomplishing type", "positive and socially active type", "active and trend seeking type", and "practical and information-oriented type". Second, 4 factors of Utilitarian Value were classified as "symbolism", "diversity of wearing purpose", "convenience of management", and "physical activeness". Third, 4 factors of Hedonic Value were extracted as "pursuit for confidence", "pursuit for sexual sensitivity", "pursuit for trend", and "pursuit for personality". Fourth, upon analyzing the differences of clothing values based on lifestyles, 4 groups considered the most important value as the pursuit of sexual sensibility. Fifth, the male consumers in 20's and 30's purchased to express individuality and made their own decision on buying the casual wear. Based on these results, adventurous and self-actualizing type and active and trend seeking type were 518 of 684 and represented male consumer in 20's and 30's.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2011

Data Fusion algorithm is essential in Target Detection using radar, and it has more reliability. In this paper, Multi Radar Fusion algorithm using IMM(Interacting Multiple Model) filter is suggested. This well-known IMM filter has better performance than Kalman filter has. In this simulation, Distributed Data Fusion process was applied, and three sub-filters and one main filter were employed. In addition, this simulation was evaluated by virtual radar data which include constant velocity, constant accelerate, turn rate. The result of an evaluation shows better performance in the maneuvering section of aircraft.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2012

Acoustical backscattering characteristics of Japanese anchovy can be estimated by Kirchhoffray mode model (KRM model) due to estimate exact body and swim-bladder shape of the fish, the samples were rapidly frozen by dry-ice and alcohol. X-ray photos for ventral and lateral direction for 6 samples were taken and the 3D coordinates of the body swim-bladder were estimated by digitizing from the photos. The angles between the axis of body and swim-bladder were about $9^{\circ}$ at 38kHz and $7^{\circ}$ at 120kHz, 200kHz. General formula of TS and BL estimated were < $TS_{38kHz}$ >=20logBL-67.3, < $TS_{120kHz}$ >=20logBL-66.6, < $TS_{200kHz}$ >=20logBL-67.0. As a result, we confirmed KRM model is very useful to estimate TS (Target Strength) for design of experiment and it also can be applied to estimate the abundance of Japanese anchovy distributed by 2 frequency difference method in the survey area.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.6 s.107
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• pp.487-494
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develope a fertilizer-soil incorporation band tiller for the walking cultivator. Because the mixing of soil and fertilizer in the furrow of dry-field has been done manually, several time, heavy labor and much man power were required for the job. This rotary type implement is developed to substitute this manual operation for soil-fertilizer incorporation. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1) This implement was composed of tilling device, fertilizer application device, frame and tail wheel device. 2) The revolution of driving wheel was $11\~28\;rpm$, that of application roller was $13\~14\;rpm$ the application rate range per revolution of driving wheel was $4.43\~11.80\;g$g and the application rate range by the working speed and the opening quantity was $84.12\~557.20\;g/min$. 3) The adequate working speed was $0.20\~0.40\;m/s$ and the required minimum width of open furrow was 250 mm.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.487-492
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• 2004

The extent of codon usage in the protein coding genes of the mycobacteriophage, Bxz1, and its plating bacteria, M. smegmatis, were determined, and it was observed that the codons ending with either G and / or C were predominant in both the organisms. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that in both organisms, the genes were separated along the first major explanatory axis according to their expression levels and their genomic GC content at the synonymous third positions of the codons. The second major explanatory axis differentiates the genes according to their genome type. A comparison of the relative synonymous codon usage between 20 highly- and 20 lowly expressed genes from Bxz1 identified 21 codons, which are statistically over represented in the former group of genes. Further analysis found that the Bxz1- specific tRNA species could recognize 13 out of the 21 over represented synonymous codons, which incorporated 13 amino acid residues preferentially into the highly expressed proteins of Bxz1. In contrast, seven amino acid residues were preferentially incorporated into the lowly expressed proteins by 10 other tRNA species of Bxz1. This analysis predicts for the first time that the Bxz1-specific tRNA species modulates the optimal expression of its proteins during development.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2000

To assess the genetic diversity and population structure of Korean K. borealis, allozyme analysis was performed. The average genetic variability of Korean K. borealis populations was %P=13.2, Ho=0.048, and He=0.045. This value was the lowest in comparison with other Korean amphibian species studied. Also, the value was much lower than that of a reference population from Chinese K. borealis (%P=50, Ho=0.125, He=0.172). Wright's F-statistics showed that Korean K. borealis has distinctly low level of gene flow among regional populations (F$_{ST}$=0.339, Nm=0.487) in comparison with other Korean amphibian species studied. However, the average level of genetic divergence among Korean K. borealis populations was moderate (Nei's D=0.020). Therefore, it appeared that low levels of genetic diversity (He=0.045) and gene flow (Nm=0.487) among regional populations ave probably due to the results of decreasing population size and patchy distribution of this species in Korea.