• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.431-451
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• 1998

4 beagle dogs aged over one and half years and weighed 15 to 16 Kg were utilized in this study. Experimental dehiscent defects were made in the mandibular edentulous area after removal of lower premolar. e-PTFE membrane resorbable membrane, and PDGF-BB-loaded resorbable membrane were covered at the dehiscent defects around the dental implants respectively. Animal was sacrificed at 1, 2, 3 months respectively. Non-decalicifed specimens were made and mutiple-stained for light microscopic study. The results were as follows: 1. Dehiscent defects around the implant installed in the beagle dog were an excellent defect model for studying guided bone regeneration. 2. Fibroblasts penetrated into expanded-PTFE membrane was observed and inflammatory cell infiltration was also observed around the membrane. 3. Resorbable membrane was degradaded and resorbed at 1 month after application to the dehiscent defect. Though multinucleated giant cells were observed adjacent to the membrane, that had no reverse effect on the boe regeneration. 4. PDGF-BB-Ioaded resorbable membrane was same capability as the resorbable membrane and e-PTFE membrane in the guided bone regeneration. 5. PDGF-BB-Ioaded resorbable membrane-applied site was better than resorbable membrane-applied site in the speed and maturity of bone formation. Within the above results, it was suggested that PDGF-BB-Ioaded resorbable membrane might have same bone regeneration capacity as nonresorbable membrane in the dehisced implant of the beagle dog and potentiality to use in human subjects.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.52
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• pp.335.1-335.17
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• 2018

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious infectious complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, information about prognosis of SBP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is limited. We investigated the clinical course of SBP in HCC patients. Methods: This study enrolled patients diagnosed with SBP between 2005 and 2017. Medical records of patients were reviewed and clinical course was compared between the non-HCC and HCC groups. Results: In total, 123 SBP cases including 49 HCC cases were enrolled. Men were predominant (48/74, 64.9% vs. 34/49, 69.4%; P = 0.697); median age was 58 years in both non-HCC and HCC groups (P = 0.887). The most common etiology was alcohol (32/74, 43.2%) in non-HCC group and hepatitis B (30/49, 61.2%) in HCC group (P = 0.009). Antibiotic resistance rate was higher in non-HCC than in HCC group (29.7% vs. 12.2%; P = 0.028); in-hospital mortality did not differ between the groups (25/74, 33.8% vs. 13/49, 26.5%; P = 0.431). Development rate of hepatorenal syndrome did not differ between non-HCC and HCC group (14/74, 18.9% vs. 10/49, 20.4%; P = 1.000), but hepatic encephalopathy was less common in HCC group (26/74, 35.2% vs. 9/49, 18.3%; P = 0.008). The most important predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with HCC was white blood cell count above $11,570cells/mm^3$ (odds ratio, 6.629; 95% confidence interval, 1.652-26.590; P = 0.008). Conclusion: Prognosis of SBP in HCC patients is relatively less severe. This result may be related with reduced antibiotics resistance and lower development rates of other complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Degree of systemic inflammation may be the most important factor for in-hospital mortality.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.431-438
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• 2008

For the experiment, to develop new materials for cosmetics, the Celosia cristata L. plant ethanol extract were used for physiological effect and cosmetics application research. The Celosia cristata L. is a Korean traditional variety grown. To investigate the effect of Ethanol extract of Celosia cristata L. on skin care, we measured anti-oxidant activity and anti-aging activity. Celosia cristata L. ethanol extract itself had anti-oxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner in 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging. Ethanol extract had anti-oxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Silica dose-dependently increased the intracellular ROS generation in RAW 264.7 cells. Celosia cristata L. ethanol extract inhibited silica-induced intracellular superoxide anion generation and $H_2O_2$ generation and hydro-peroxide generation in RAW 264.7 cells. For anti-aging effects, the hyaluronidase inhibition effects, were relatively strong and they also showed elastase activity inhibition effects, which suggesting the Celosia cristata L. ethanol extract might be used as hydration and anti-wrinkle agents. From the above results, it is referred that Celosia cristata L. ethanol extract appears to have potent anti-oxidant activity and anti-aging activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.431-437
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• 2009

To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Ephedrae Herba in vivo and in vitro acute inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) shock in rats fed Ephedrae Herba extracts and inflammatory cytokine concentrations were examined. In addition, the effect of Ephedrae Herba extracts on the production of inflammatory cytokines was examined in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. In an in vivo experiment, plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) concentrations were increased at 2 h and reached to maximal levels at 5 h after LPS treatment in all groups. Compared with control group, plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ levels were lowered at 5 h after LPS treatment, but plasma IL-10 level was higher in at 2 and 5 h after LPS treatment in Ephedrae Herba extract group. In an in vitro experiment using Raw 264.7 macrophages, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ concentrations in the Ephedrae Herba extract group were lower than those in control group. Compared with control group, IL-10 concentration appeared to be higher in the Ephedrae Herba extract group, but this trend was not significant. In conclusion, these results suggested that functional compound (s) in Ephedrae Herba extract may play a role in alleviating inflammatory response.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.431-439
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the antioxidant activities and physiological activities of mixture extracts (Liriope platyphylla, Schizandra chinensis and Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) with different extraction mixing ratios (MEC, 2:1:1; ME1, 1:2:1; ME2, 1:1:2; ME3, 1.34:1.33:1.33). The yield of extracts ranged from 25.33 to 33.87%. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of ME1 extracts were 1.01 g/100 g, 0.07 g/100 g, respectively. The total sugar contents of MEC extract was 22.83 g/100 g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of ME1 extracts at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were 26.79% and 21.08%. The superoxide radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power of ME1 extracts at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were 67.83% and $295.47{\mu}M$, respectively. The functionalities of extracts were investigated with L-132 and RAW264.7 cell lines. The extracts on different mixing ratios did not show the toxicity on L-132 and RAW264.7 cell line in $100-2,500{\mu}g/mL$. The ME1 extract of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ performed better than other extracts protective effects against oxidative stess in L-132 cells (81.22%) and the ME2 extract at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ decreased nitric oxide production by $7.48{\mu}M$ which was more potent than other extracts. There results suggest that the ME1 extracts may be a useful functional food material in the food industry.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.3 s.68
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• pp.431-440
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• 1998

While periodontal disease results in the extrusion of upper incisors with interdental spacing in adult patient, the intrusive movement should be executed for the rehabilitation in terms of esthetics and function. The present study was peformed to investigate the periodontal response following orthodontic intrusion of teeth with infrabony pocket. Bone defect and periodontal disease were produced adjacent to the both maxillary second lateral incisors in four adult dogs. Four weeks later, a flap operation was performed to eliminate inflammation and a reference notch was made on the root surface at the level of bottom of each defect. Two weeks after periodontal surgery, 4 weeks of intrusion and subsequent another 4 weeks of retention was executed on the right side of incisors while left incisors served as the control. Through the histologic analysis, following results were obtained. 1. Histologic section of control side showed the reduction of pocket depth after flap operation. However, the status of long junctional epithelium was observed while new connective tissue attachment occurred in a small area adjacent newly formed cementum 2. Epithelial attachment was less around the intruded incisor while new connective tissue attachment was much more compared to the control side. 3. Plenty of cells were observed in the connective tissue around the reference notch of the intruded incisor and the degree of the new cementum formation was higher in the intruded incisor than the control. The results of the present study suggested that an orthodontic intrusion of periodontally involved and extruded incisors could be carried out with a desirable periodontal response, provided that inflammation is under control.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.431-438
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• 2006

Purpose : Insulin-like growth factor binding protein(IGFBP)-3 has been known as a tumor suppressor gene, and its anti-tumor function was divided into insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-dependent and IGF-independent mechanism. In IGF-independent mechanism, IGFBP-3 directly interacts with a cell without binding of IGFs, becoming an interesting object in oncology. Several studies demonstrate that one of the well-known tumor suppressor genes, p53, induces directly IGFBP-3 transcription, and the increment of IGFBP-3 expression induces apoptosis of many cancer cells. Recently, the anti-tumor mechanisms of IGFBP-3 have been reported, but post-translational modification of IGFBP-3 and its anti-tumor mechanism are not well known. In this study, we examined whether p53 regulated the glycosylation of IGFBP-3, and analysed the meaning of IGFBP-3 glycosylation related to the apoptosis of cancer cell. Methods : The p53-mutated status of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was used in this experiment. The expression and glycosylation of IGFBP-3 were tested by Western blot analysis after infection of adenovirus mediated Ad/p53 and/or Ad/IGFBP-3. Results : Ad/p53 infected cells resulted in growth retardation and the induced apoptosis. p53 induced direct expression and glycosylation of IGFBP-3. The increase of glcosylated IGFBP-3 was able to promote cellular apoptosis, and the glycosylation of IGFBP-3 was more activated by the double treatment of Ad/p53 and Ad/IGFBP-3. Conclusion : From this study, the anti-tumor activity of IGFBP-3 was shown to improve the stabilization of IGFBP-3 through the increment of glycosylation of IGFBP-3 by p53. This result suggests that the combined gene therapy of p53 and IGFBP-3 may appropriate treatment of cancer.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.431-439
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• 2014

The purposes of this research were to investigate the enrichment of metal-reducing bacteria from KURT groundwater and the identification of the microbial diversity by 16S rRNA as well as to examine microbial Fe(III)/Mn(IV) reduction and to analyze morphological features of interactions between microbes and precipitates and their mineralogical composition. To cultivate metal-reducing bacteria from groundwater sampled at the KURT in S. Korea, different electron donors such as glucose, acetate, lactate, formate, pyruvate and Fe(III)-citrate as an electron accepter were added into growth media. The enriched culture was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for the diversity of microbial species. The effect of electron donors (i.e., glucose, acetate, lactate, formate, pyruvate) and electron acceptors (i.e., akaganeite, manganese oxide) on microbial iron/manganese reduction and biomineralization were examined using the 1st enriched culture, respectively. SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses were used to determine morphological features, chemical composition of microbes and mineralogical characteristics of the iron and manganese minerals. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, the four species, Fusibacter, Desulfuromonas, Actinobacteria, Pseudomonas sp., from KURT groundwater were identified as anaerobic metal reducers and these microbes precipitated metals outside of cells in common. XRD and EDX analyses showed that Fe(III)-containing mineral, akaganeite (${\beta}$-FeOOH), reduced into Fe(II)/Fe(III)-containing magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) and Mn(IV)-containing manganese oxide (${\lambda}-MnO_2$) into Mn(II)-containing rhodochrosite ($MnCO_3$) by the microbes. These results implicate that microbial metabolism and respiratory activities under anaerobic condition result in reduction and biomineralization of iron and manganese minerals. Therefore, the microbes cultivated from groundwater in KURT might play a major role to reduce various metals from highly toxic, mobile to less toxic, immobile.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 2013

Bone homeostasis is maintained by co-ordination of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Imbalance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts leads to many bone diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis. Taxillus chinensis is a herb that has been widely used to improve bone health. However, the effect and mechanism of Taxillus chinensis extract on osteoclast differentiation and bone resportion has been unknown. Thus, We investigated the effect of Taxillus chinensis on expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Also, the action of Taxillus chinensis on mechanisms relating to osteoclast differentiation was studied. In this results, we identified that Taxillus chinensis significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resportion. Moreover, Taxillus chinensis was suppressed the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ in bone marrow macrophage treated RANKL and M-CSF. Taxillus chinensis was down-regulated the mRNA expression of c-Fos, nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)c1, osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). The cell adhesion-related molecules such as integrin ${\alpha}v$ and integrin ${\beta}3$, and the filamentous actin (F-actin) rings of mature osteoclasts-related molecules such as dendritic cell-specific transmembrane preotein (DC-STAMP) and cathepsin K are also suppressed. Taken together, these results indicated that Taxillus chinensis will be a good candidate to treat osteoclast-mediated bone diseases.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.423-431
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• 2017

The present study was intended to orally administer aronia to rats, irradiate radiation once to the whole bodies of the rats, and conduct blood tests to observe, compare, and analyze changes in blood cells, such as leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets, in order to examine the radioprotective effects of aronia. As experimental animals, 15 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged six weeks weighing 200~250 g were taken and divided into the normal group (A) of five rats, the 5 Gy control group (B) of five rats, and the 5 Gy experimental group (C) of five rats. The normal group (A) was not~irradiated at all, the control group (B) was administered with general diets and irradiated, and the experimental group(C) was orally administered with 50 mg/kg/day of aronia two times per day to achieve a distilled water oral dose of 100 mg/kg/day and irradiated thereafter (5 Gy at 500 cGy/min) for 14 days. After the experiment, differences in leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets among the normal group (A), the control group (B), and the experimental group (C) were examined by comparing the counts of the blood cells and the results showed no statistically significant differences. However, on a detailed review, the normal group (A) showed statistically higher mean values for all of lymphocytes, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin as compared to the control group (B) and the experimental group (C). Statistically significant differences in the counts of lymphocytes were shown between the normal group (A) and the control group (B), and between the normal group (A) and the experimental group (C); furthermore, statistically significant differences in mean corpuscular hemoglobin were shown between the normal group (A) and the experimental group (C). Given the results of the present study, in irradiated rats, aronia was generally considered as having no radioprotective effect on leukocyte, erythrocyte, and platelet while having statistically significant radioprotective effects on lymphocytes, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Based on the present experiment, diverse studies should be conducted hereafter.