• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.64-67
• /
• 2006

Drop-in tests were conducted using R290/R32 (31:69) or R290/DME (65:35) mixture in a ice-cream maker for possible replacement of R-502 and R-404A. At the standard room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$), the time required for initial ice-cream making was 4'7' for R290/32, 4'39' for R404A and 4'59' for R290/DME. The electric energy consumed was 436 kJ for R290/32, 425 kJ for R404A and 439 kJ for R290/DME. The mass flow rate as well as the temperature and pressure data are also provided.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 1999

Vapor-liquid equilibrium apparatus is designed and set up. The equilibrium data of two binary systems, HFC-32/143a and HFC-143a/134a, are measured. Fifteen equilibrium data for HFC-32/143a and HFC-143a/134a systems are measured over the temperature range 263.15~283.15K at 10K interval and the composition range 0.10~0.80, respectively. And vapor-liquid equilibrium data are calculated using equation of state and correlation of activity coefficient and compared with the present data. Equation of state is used CSD and RKS equations and correlation of activity coefficient is used Margules' and Van Ness and Abbott's correlations. Real behavior of HFC-32/143a system has very large deviation with Raoult's rule which is ideal behavior. But real behavior of HFC-143a/134a system is similar to ideal behavior. The calculated data from CSD equation are compared with the data in the open literatures and the calculated data from REFPROP. In the results for REFPROP, the relative deviations of bubble point pressure for HFC-32/143a system are within -2.16~0.84% for CSD equation and within -0.20~1.10% for RKS equation. And the relative deviations of bubble point pressure for HFC-143a/134a system are within -0.45~0.12% and -0.20~2.8% for CSD and RKS equations, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2010

Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) uses cyclic code shift keying (CCSK) for baseband symbol modulation, in which 5-bit information is mapped to one of thirty two 32-chip sequences. It is a kind of direct sequence based spread spectrum communication. In this paper, the performance of non-coherent detection of CCSK using non-orthogonal 32-chip sequence is evaluated. And a 32-chip sequence with better performance is also proposed and compared with the conventional one.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.740-743
• /
• 2008

RSA crypto-processors equipped with more than 1024 bits of key space handle the entire key stream in units of blocks. The RSA processor which will be the target design in this paper defines the length of the basic word as 128 bits, and uses an 256-bits register as the accumulator. For efficient execution of 128-bit multiplication, $32b^*32b$ multiplier was designed and adopted and the results are stored in 8 separate 128-bit registers according to the stalks flag. In this paper, a fast 32bit nodular multiplier which is required to execute 128-bit MAC (multiplication and accumulation) operation is proposed. The proposed architecture prototype of the multiplier unit was automatically synthesized, and successfully operated at the frequency in the target RSA processor.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.1171-1174
• /
• 2006

고신뢰도가 요구되는 위성용 탑재소프트웨어를 개발하기 위해서는 소프트웨어 처리기반으로 고성능의 탑재컴퓨터가 요구된다. 향후 개발될 위성을 위한 고성능 탑재컴퓨터로는 유럽에서 개발되어 사용되고 있는 MCM-ERC32를 채용할 예정이다. ESA(European Space Agency)의 지원 하에 개발된 MCM-ERC32는 32-비트의 ERC32SC 프로세서, 부가적인 기능을 제공하는 ASIC인 VASI(Very Advanced Sparc Interface), 그리고 메모리(SRAM, DRAM, EEPROM, etc.)로 구성되어 있다. MCM-ERC32에는 ERC32 프로세서에서 제공되는 2개의 UART(A/B)와 VASI에서 제공하는 4개의 UART(0/1/2/3), 총 6개의 시리얼 인터페이스가 있다. ERC32에서 제공하는 시리얼 인터페이스는 8-비트 모드만 지원되며 전송속도에도 제한이 있기 때문에 탑재소프트웨어의 업로드 및 디버깅용으로 활용될 예정이며, 탑재체 간의 인터페이스로는 VASI에서 제공하는 시리얼 인터페이스를 사용할 예정이다. VASI에서 제공하는 UART는 MCM-ERC32에 적합하도록 개발되어 일반적인 임베디드 시스템의 시리얼 인터페이스와는 구별되는 송수신 방법 및 기능을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 VASI UART의 구성 및 특징과 기능들에 대하여 설명하도록 한다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2012

This paper proposes a $16{\times}16$ and $32{\times}32$ inverse transform architecture for HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding). HEVC large transform of $16{\times}16$ and $32{\times}32$ suffers from huge computational complexity. To resolve this problem, we proposed a new large inverse transform architecture based on hardware reuse. The processing element is optimized by exploiting fully recursive and regular butterfly structure. To achieve low area, the processing element is implemented by shifters and adders without multiplier. Implementation of the proposed 2-D inverse transform architecture in 0.18 ${\mu}m$ technology shows about 300 MHz frequency and 287 Kgates area, which can process 4K ($3840{\times}2160$)@ 30 fps image.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.377-382
• /
• 2002

Bovine piroplasmosis caused by Theileria sergenti is a major cause of economic loss in livestock industry. Five cattle infected with Theileria sergenti showing severe and fatal anemia, confirmed by indirect immunofluorescent assay(IFA), were used in this study. Four cattle were treated with diminazene aceturate and one was not treated as the control. The therapeutic effect of diminazene aceturate against Theileria sergenti infection was monitored by detecting the 32kDa polypeptide specific for Theileria sergenti by the western blotting with both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The 32kDa polypeptide detected at the beginning of diminazene aceturate treatment was not detectable after the treatment. It is postulated that the detection of the 32kDa polypeptide specific for Theileria sergenti may be a good tool for the diagnosis and monitoring the treatment progress of Theileria sergenti infection.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.787-794
• /
• 1999

This paper presents an ENMODL(enhances NORA MODL) circuit and implements a high-speed 32 bit CLA(carry lookahead adder) with the new dynamic logics. The proposed logic can reduce the area and the Propagation delay of carry because output inverters and a clocking PMOS of second stage can be omitted in two-stage MODL(multiple output domino logic) circuits. The 32-bit CLA is implemented with 0.8um double metal CMOS Process and the carry propagation delay of the adder is about 3.9 nS. The ENMODL circuits can improve the performance in the high-speed computing circuits depending on the degree of recurrence.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 1993

Nonlinear inelastic behavior of an HP saddle shell has been examined by a finite element computer program developed on a Cray Y-MP. The mesh convergence is studied using three progressively refined finite element mesh models, $16{\times}16$, $32{\times}32$ and $64{\times}64$, for the elastic and inelastic analyses. It is shown that the $32{\times}32$ mesh model gives a solution that is very close to that given by the $64{\times}64$ mesh model, thus, showing a convergence. The inelastic analysis shows that the shell has a tremendous capacity to redistribute the stresses. At the ultimate, the concrete cracks and the reinforcement yieldings are spread out all over the shell, indicating that the stress distribution in the shell is approaching that given by the classical membrane theory. The present computer program provides a very useful tool for evaluating the nonlinear ultimate behavior of concrete shells during the design process.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.413-418
• /
• 2022

This paper presents two-phase condensation heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R32 and R454B as an alternative refrigerant to R410A in a 9.52 mm OD microfin tube. The test facility has a straight, horizontal test section with an active length of 2.0 m and is cooled by cold water circulated in a surrounding annular space. The heat transfer coefficients of the annular space were obtained using the modified Wilson plot method. Average condensation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop data are presented at the condensation temperature of 35℃ for the range of mass flux 100-400 kg/m²s. The average condensation heat transfer coefficients of R32 refrigerant are 35-47% higher than R410A at the mass flux considered in the study, while R454B data are similar to R410A. The average pressure drop of R32 and R454B are much higher than R410A and they are 134-224% and 151-215% of R410A, respectively. R32 and R454B have relatively low GWP and high heat transfer characteristics, so they are suitable as alternatives for R410A.