• 제목/요약/키워드: A2AD

검색결과 2,451건 처리시간 0.03초

하기도 감염 환아에서 분리된 Adenovirus 1, 2, 5 혈청형의 유전체형 분석 (Genome Type Analysis of Adenovirus Serotypes 1, 2 and 5 Isolated from Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Korea)

  • 박기원;최은화;정지태;이환종;박기호
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.166-177
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    • 2005
  • 목 적 : DNA 제한 효소 분석법을 이용한 아데노바이러스의 유전체형 분석 방법은 많은 연구자들이 서로 다른 종류의 제한 효소와 명명법을 사용하여 분류함으로써, 아직까지 체계적인 분류 체계가 정립되어 있지 않다. 본 연구는 Li와 Wadell이 제안한 제한 효소 분석법과 명명법을 이용하여 국내에서 최근 14년 동안 분리된 아데노바이러스 혈청형 1, 2, 5형에 대한 유전체형을 분류하고, 그 분자 역학과 유전체형 상호 간의 연관성을 밝히고자 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1990년 11월부터 2003년 2월까지 하기도 감염으로 서울대학교병원 소아과에 입원하였거나, 인접 지역의 종합병원 소아과에 입원한 소아들로부터 채취한 비인두 흡인물을 검체로 하여 HEp-2 세포주에서 배양 후 간접면역형광검사로 확인하고, 분리된 아데노바이러스를 항혈청 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11에 대한 세포독성 효과를 관찰함으로 혈청형을 결정하였다. 혈철형 1, 2, 5형을 대상으로 DNA를 추출하고 12가지 제한 효소 BamHI, BcI, BglI, BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, HpaI, SalI, SmaI, XbaI, XhoI로 절단한 후 전기영동 시키고 나타나는 분절 형태를 각 혈청형의 표준주와 비교하여 분석하였다. 유전체형간의 상관성을 비교하기 위하여 PCRF 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 아데노바이러스 분리주 382주를 대상으로 혈청형을 확인한 결과, 1형 33(9%), 2형 45(12%), 3형 107(28%), 4형 16(4%), 5형 24(6%), 6형 8(2%), 7형 116(30%), 11형 9(2%), 그 외의 형들이 24(6%)주로 각각 나타났다. 변이 유전체형은 혈청형 1형 18종류, 2형 25종류, 5형 10종류가 분류되었으며 Ad1p1-Ad1p7, Ad1a, Ad1b, Ad1b1-Ad1b3, Ad1c, Ad1d, Ad1e, Ad1e1, Ad1e2, Ad1f; Ad2p1-Ad2p11, Ad2a, Ad2a1-Ad2a6, Ad2b, Ad2c, Ad2d, Ad2e, Ad2e1-Ad2e3; Ad5p1, Ad5p2, Ad5a, Ad5a1-Ad5a7로 명명되었다. 본 연구에서는 표준주나 이전에 보고 된 유전체형과 일치하는 유전체형은 분리되지 않았다. 대부분의 유전체형은 전 연구기간 동안 1~2주만 분리되었고 일부 유전체형들은 산발적으로 2회 이상 반복 분리되었다. 유전체형 Ad1p5나 Ad5a1와 같이 유행성으로 분포하는 유전체형도 관찰되었다. 혈청형 1형 유전체형 간의 PCRF는 79~99%로 Genomic cluster 1과 2로 구분되었고, 2형과 5형은 각각 82~99%와 84~99%로 모두 80% 이상이었다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통하여 국내에서 분리된 아데노바이러스 혈청형 1, 2, 5형의 다양한 유전체형을 체계적으로 분석할 수 있었다. 혈청형 1, 2, 5형이 주로 산발성 감염을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 왔으나, 유전체형에 따라 역학적 특징이 다르게 나타날 수 있으며, 이는 DNA의 변형에 의한 유전체형의 변화가 바이러스의 감염력과 생존력에 변화를 일으켰을 가능성을 시사한다. 본 연구 결과는 혈청형 1, 2, 5형의 비교 자료로 활용될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 변이 유전체형들에 대한 정보를 제공함으로써 백신 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

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흰쥐에서 Adriamycin-유발 신독성에 대한 Thromboxane $A_2$ 수용체 길항제인 KT2-962의 효과 (Effects of Selective Thromboxane $A_2$-Receptor Antagonist, KT2-962 on Adriamycin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats)

  • 문삼영;이순복;신현진;고현철;엄애선;강주섭
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.241-247
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    • 2000
  • The present study was designed to assess the protective effect of a selective thromboxane $A_2$ receptor antagonist, KT2-962 (KT2) and possible mechanisms of adriamycin(AD)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The male Wistar rats were given either of AD (7.5 mg/kg, i.v.) alone in the AD-group (n=5) or in KT2+AD- group (n=5) which is a combination of AD and KT2 (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 10 days from 3 days before and 7 days after AD injection. The body weight, 24-hours urine volume, urine protein and urinary N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glu-cosaminidase (NAG) activity were measured with an interval of 2 days during 1 week. BUN, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were measured on the 7th day. KT2 has significantly suppressed AD-induced change of body weight, 24-hours urine volume, urine protein and urinary NAG activity in the KT2+AD-group. The change of BUN, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were significantly inhibited in the B7T2+AD-group. Based on these results, it is concluded that KT2 prevents AD-induced nephrotoxicity and suggests that endogenous thromboxane A2 may play an important role in AD-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

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Effect of combinatorial bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone morphogenetic protein 7 gene delivery on osteoblastic differentiation

  • Bae, Young;Kim, Kyoung-Hwa;Kim, Su-Hwan;Lee, Chul-Woo;Koo, Ki-Tae;Kim, Tae-Il;Seol, Yang-Jo;Ku, Young;Rhyu, In-Chul;Chung, Chong-Pyoung;Lee, Yong-Moo
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제39권sup2호
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    • pp.279-286
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: Gene therapy (ex vivo) has recently been used as a means of delivering bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to sites of tissue regeneration. In the present study, we investigated the effect of co-transduction of adenoviruses expressing BMP-2 and BMP-7 on osteogenesisof C2C12 cells in vitro. Methods: A replication-defective human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) containing a cDNA for BMPs in the E1 region of the virus (Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7) was constructed by in vivo homologous recombination. Functional activity of Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 were evaluated in mouse stromal cells (W20-17cells). C2C12 cells are transduced with various MOI (multiplicity of infection) of Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 to assess most effective and stable titer. Based on this result, C2C12 cells were transduced with Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 alone or by combination. BMPs expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, cell proliferation, and mineralization were assessed. Results: Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 are successfully transduced to W20-17 cells, and secreted BMPs stimulated cell differentiation. Also, C2C12 cells transduced with Ad5BMPs showed expression of BMPs and increased ALPaseactivity. In all groups, cell proliferation was observed over times. At 7days, cells co-transduced with Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 showed lower proliferation than the others. C2C12 cells co-transduced with Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 had greater ALPaseactivity than that would be predicted if effect of individual Ad5BMPs were additive. Little mineralized nodule formation was detected in cells transduced with individual Ad5BMPs. In contrast, Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 combination stimulated mineralization after culturing for 10 days in mineralizing medium. Conclusions: Present study demonstrated that adenoviruses expressing BMPs gene successfully produced BMPs protein and these BMPs stimulated cells to be differentiated into osteoblastic cells. In addition, the osteogenic activity of Ad5BMPs can be synergistically increased by co-transduction of cells with Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7.

A Study on Strategies to Improve the Effectiveness of Influencer Advertising

  • Chanuk Park;Sin-Bok Lee;Do-Eui Kim
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2023
  • Influencer advertising, which has gained significant attention in academia and industry, is widely adopted as a digital marketing strategy. This study empirically analyzes the impact of perceived influencer channel attributes and ad attributes on the suitability of advertisements and their effects on consumers' positive and negative advertising behaviors. The research aims to identify various factors that can enhance the effectiveness of influencer advertising. The results reveal that among the influencer channel attributes, informativeness and intimacy have a positive impact on ad suitability, while ad clutter has a negative impact. Additionally, ad-influencer fit positively affect ad attention and negatively influences ad avoidance. Based on these findings, companies can enhance the effectiveness of influencer advertising by first selecting influencers who align well with the advertisement and emphasizing informativeness and emotional bonding to improve ad suitability. Moreover, the study suggests that influencer advertising strategies can be effective as long as they avoid excessive ad clutter, as it diminishes ad suitability. Marketing practitioners and advertising planners can utilize these insights to formulate more effective influencer advertising strategies.

Advertising Distinctiveness and Consumer Memory in Competitive Ad Environments

  • Takeuchi, Ryosuke
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2015
  • It is becoming increasingly difficult for advertisers to reach target consumers because memory for an ad is inhibited in the presence of competing ads. While previous studies have focused on ad repetition as a factor that can reduce competitive interference, this study focuses on ad distinctiveness. We compare the effects of ad distinctiveness on recall for the ad and its competing ad in high competitive ad environments with those in relatively low competitive ad environments. Regarding the effect of ad distinctiveness on recall for the focal ad, the results show that when an advertiser makes its ad distinctive, recall for its own ad is enhanced in both high and low competitive ad environments although the positive effect is relatively weak in high competitive environments. The results also show that, regarding the effect of ad distinctiveness on recall for its competing ad, when an advertiser makes its ad distinctive, recall for its competing ad is enhanced in low competitive ad environments rather than in high competitive ad environments.

Acinetobacter schindleri DYL129 유래의 3개 lipases와 chaperone의 발현과 정제 (Expression and Purification of Three Lipases (LipAD1, LipAD2, and LipAD3) and a Lipase Chaperone (LipBD) from Acinetobacter schindleri DYL129)

  • 김선희;이용석;정해린;편효민;유주순;최용락
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.492-498
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    • 2019
  • 기존 연구를 통하여 토양에서 분리한 Acinetobacter schindleri DYL129로부터 3개의 lipase 유전자(lipAD1, lipAD2와 lipAD3)들과 1개의 chaperone (lipBD) 유전자를 보고하였다. 본 연구에서는 각 유전자들의 발현을 위해서 pET32a(+)와 pGEX-6P-1 벡터에 클로닝하여 각각을 pETLAD1-3와 pETLBD 또는 pGEXLAD1-3와 pGEXLB로 명명하였으며, 단백질의 발현량은 pET 시스템을 사용할 때 1.5 배 정도 향상됨을 확인하였다. LipAD1과 LipAD2는 inclusion body 형태로 발현이 되었으며, LipAD3과 LipBD는 soluble type으로도 발현되었다. Inclusion body 형태의 LipAD1과 LipAD2는 고농도의 우레아를 처리하여 refolding 시켰다. LipAD1은 C4와 C2를, LipAD2는 C2와 C14를 그리고 lipAD3은 C2, C4와 C14를 기질로 잘 이용하는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 모든 효소들은 $50^{\circ}C$에서 최적 활성을 나타내었다.

DNCB로 유도된 생쥐에서 아토피 피부염에 대한 야관문추출물의 효과 (Effects of Lespedeza Caneata (LC) Extracts on Atopic Dermatitis in DNCB-Induced Mice)

  • 정경아;정민주
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 야관문 추출물이 아토피 피부염에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 시행하였다. 실험은 5개 군으로 분류하여 정상군, 아토피유발군(AD), 아토피 유발 후 LC 농도별 투여군(AD-LC: 100 mg/Kg, 300 mg/Kg, 500 mg/Kg)으로 구분하였다. AD군과 AD-LC군은 제모한 부위에 1% DNCB 용액 $1200{\mu}{\ell}$를 2주간 도포하고, 그 이후로는 2일 간격으로 0.1% DNCB 용액 $150{\mu}{\ell}$를 4 주간 도포하였다. 피부 두께는 아토피 피부염 증상을 나타내는 특징으로 AD군이 피부의 두께가 가장 두꺼웠으며, AD-LC 500군은 정상군과 같았다. 비만세포는 염증반응을 나타내는 세포로 AD군의 비만세포의 수가 가장 많았다. 콜라겐섬유와 탄력섬유는 정상적인 피부에서 많이 관찰되는데 AD-LC 500군에서 치밀하고 균일하게 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과로 보아 야관문 추출물이 피부조직의 염증에 의한 각화, 습진, 가려움증을 개선하는 항아토피 효능이 있다고 사료된다.

Cytolytic Effects of an Adenoviral Vector Containing L-Plastin Promoter Regulated E1A in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

  • Chung, In-Jae
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.148-151
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    • 2006
  • We have previously reported that 2.4 kb of L-plastin promoter (LP) could regulate the expression of adenoviral vector (AV) exogenous genes in a tumor cell specific manner. In the present study, we tested if the replication competent AdLPE1A vector results in a direct cytotoxic effect in hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) cells. In vitro cytotoxicity tests were carried out with replication-competent (AdLPE1A) and -incompetent (AdLPCD) LP-driven vectors. AdLPE1A is an AV in which LP was inserted 5' to the E1A and E1B genes. The AdLPCD vector contains LP and the E. coli cytosine deaminase (CD) gene in transcription unit. Exposure of cells to AdLPE1A generated a significant cytotoxic effect as compared to the control. Almost 90% of the cell had manifested the characteristic cytopatic effect on day 9 after infection of cells with 10 MOI of AdLPE1A. On the other hand, almost 35% of the cells were left when the cells had been treated with 100 MOI of AdLPCD together with 5-FC on day 9 when compared with the cells which had never been exposed neither 5-FC nor AdLPCD. These results showed that the replication competent AdLPE1A vector could kill the HepG2 cells directly by the oncolytic effect of the virus. The replication competent AV vector carrying viral E1A generated greater cytotoxic effect than the replication incompetent AV, which contains the CD prodrug activation transcription unit without E1A, in HepG2 cells.

지역사회 재가노인의 사전연명의료의향서 작성의도 영향 요인 (Completion and Related Factors of Advance Directives in old adults)

  • 김명숙;강문희;김연옥
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.240-247
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 지역사회 재가노인을 대상으로 사전연명의료의향서(AD) 작성의도 영향 요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구대상은 D 광역시에 거주하며 노인복지관을 이용하는 65세 이상의 남녀 노인 196명이다. 자료수집기간은 2016년 12월 8일에서 12월 19일까지였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0 version을 이용하여, 서술통계, ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, Logistic regression을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구결과, 대상자 중 AD 작성 의도를 가진 경우는 58.2%였다. AD 작성의도에 따라 연령(${\chi}^2=4.92$, p=.020), 독거상태 (${\chi}^2=4.72$, p=.030 ), 주관적 건강상태(${\chi}^2=3.97$, p=.046), AD에 대한 인식 (t=-4.81, p<.001) 및 죽음에 대한 부정적 태도(t=2.01, p=.045)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 회귀분석결과, AD 작성의도에 유의한 영향요인은 AD에 대한 인식으로 나타났다 (OR=11.87, p<.001, 95% CI=3.52~39.94). 따라서 노인의 AD에 대한 긍정적인 인식이 AD 작성 의도의 주요 예측변수임을 알 수 있다.

Effects of Restricted Feeding on Performance, Carcass Quality and Hormone Profiles in Finishing Barrows

  • Cho, S.B.;Cho, S.H.;Chang, S.S.;Chung, I.B.;Lim, J.S.;Kil, D.Y.;Kim, Yoo Yong
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제19권11호
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    • pp.1643-1648
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    • 2006
  • To investigate the effects of feeding restricted on growth, carcass characteristics and plasma profiles in an attempt for optimum responses, a total of 108 cross-bred finishing barrows [(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc]weighing an average of $46.88{\pm}0.52kg$ were assigned in a randomized complete block (RCB) design to one of four treatments with three replicates and nine pigs per pen. Feeding regimens were, 1) ad libitum from 50 kg to market weight (Ad 3/3), 2) restricted feeding from 90 kg to market weight (Ad 2/3), 3) restricted feeding from 70 kg to market weight (Ad 1/3), and 4) restricted feeding from 50 kg to market weight (Ad 0/3). During the experimental period, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was decreased from 2.53 kg (AD 3/3) to 2.09 kg (AD 0/3) with increasing restricted feeding duration of (p<0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) of AD 3/3 (0.79 kg) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of AD 1/3 (0.74 kg) or AD 0/3 (0.72 kg). Feed efficiency was not influenced by restriction regimens. Blood IGF-I concentrations were increased from 74.14 to 134.25 (167.36-115.66) ng/ml as body weight increased. Blood leptin concentrations were affected by feed intake level and coincided with blood IGF-I concentrations. Most of carcass characteristics were not significantly affected by restricted feeding, however cooking losses in AD 1/3 and Ad 0/3 treatment diet were higher than those in Ad 3/3 and Ad 2/3. In addition, there was a trend that backfat thickness was lowered in proportional to decreasing feed intake (p>0.05). In conclusion, restricted feeding improved feed efficiency after 50 kg body weight without deteriorating the pork quality of barrows.