• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.795-800
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• 2006

In order to examine nutritional and behavioral risk factors of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Korean preschoolers, we analyzed data on 144 children aged 3-6 years with AD and their 434 healthy counterparts. The data included breast-feeding history, current weight, food behaviors assessed by the Mini Dietary Assessment (MDA), food intake by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and behavior problems by the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scale (PKBS). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed after controlling for preschool location and child's age, gender and total energy intake, as appropriate. There was no group difference of child and household characteristics. Breastfeeding history was related to lower AD risk (OR = 0.63, 95% Cl = 0.40-0.99), yet no statistically significant association was found with overweight status. Regarding food behaviors, AD risk was lower in children who drank milk at least one cup per day (OR = 0.52, 95% Cl = 0.35-0.78) and had regular meals (OR = 0.62, 95% Cl =0.42-0.92). Moreover, there were lower risks of AD in the second (OR =0.48, 95% Cl = 0.28-0.82) and the highest (OR = 0.55, 95% Cl = 0.32-0.94) intake quartiles as compared with the lowest quartile of kimchi intake. Similarly, AD risk was lower in the highest quartile of rice (OR = 0.51 Cl = 0.28-0.93) and the second quartile of fruit (OR =0.45, 95% Cl = 0.25-0.82) intakes. AD children had more problems in social interaction (OR = 1.97,95% Cl = 1.26-3.07) and independence (OR = 1.60, 95% Cl = 1.01 -2.54) measures than the healthy controls. Likewise, AD children tended to show more problem behaviors such as anxiety (OR = 1.63, 95% Cl = 0.99-2.69). Our results suggest that nutritional and behavioral dimensions are related to AD risk, yet the case control study design may preclude generalization of these results.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.59.1-59.12
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• 2020

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. To understand AD, there have been many trials establishing AD animal models. Although various trials to establish AD animal models have been existed, even the mechanisms of AD in animal models are not enough clarified. Objectives: This study assessed AD characteristics induced in Nishiki-nezumi Cinnamon/Nagoya (Nc/Nga) mice following trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) treatment for different periods and house dust mite (HDM) treatment to compare each model's immunological patterns, especially with cytokine antibody array tool. Methods: In this study, we exposed Nc/Nga mice to TNCB or HDM extract to induce AD. Nc/Nga mice were divided into 4 groups: control, TNCB 2 weeks-treated, TNCB 8 weeks-treated, and HDM-treated groups. After AD induction, all mice were evaluated by serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration and serum cytokine antibody assays, scoring of skin lesions, scoring of scratching frequency, and histological analysis. Results: The results showed significant differences between groups in serum IgE concentration, skin lesion scores, and scratching frequency. The analysis results for serum cytokine antibody arrays showed that in the TNCB 8 weeks- and HDM-treated groups, but not in the TNCB 2 weeks-treated group, expressions of genes related to the immune response were enriched. Among the histological results, the skin lesions in the HDM-treated group were most similar to those of AD. Conclusions: We confirmed that immunological pattern of AD mice was markedly different between HDM and TNCB treated groups. In addition, the immunological pattern was quietly different dependent on TNCB treated duration.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.1314-1316
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• 2009

최근 모바일 단말의 사용과 그에 관련된 제품의 개발이 급증하고 있는 관계로 이와 관련된 많은 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) 연구들이 진행 중이다. 특히, Mobile Ad-Hoc 네트워킹 환경에서의 P2P 방식에 대한 연구 또한 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만, Flooding 방식의 메시지 전송은, 파일 탐색 시 Query 메시지 가 기하급수 적으로 증가할 수 있다. 이러한 메시지 전송은 센서 네트워크에서는 전력의 급격한 소모를 가져와 네트워크의 유지를 할 수 없게 하는 등의 오버헤드를 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 P2P 파일 검색에서의 메시지 전송수를 줄이기 위해 Mobile Ad-Hoc Network 환경에서 Peer를 Parent Peer(PPR)와 Child Peer(CPR)로 구분화하여 그룹화를 시키고 그룹을 Peer로 둔 P2P 네트워크를 구성하였다. 또한, 그룹 안에서 발생하는 CPR들의 가입과 탈퇴를 관리하여 오버헤드 발생을 줄이는 방법을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.382-385
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• 2003

Ad hoc 네트워크는 고정된 기반구조 없이 이동 노드들로만 구성된 네트워크를 가리킨다. 노드들의 이동으로 인해 네트워크 토폴로지는 예측할 수 없게 자주 변할 수 있다. 그 결과로 기 설정되어 있는 경로의 단절이 발생할 수 있으며, 새로운 경로가 설정될 때까지 데이터가 손실될 수 있다. 존재하는 경로의 단절로 인해 손실되는 패킷의 수를 줄이기 위해, 본 논문은 multiple-reply Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (mrAODV) 방식을 제안한다. 본 논문의 알고리즘은 발신지와 수신지 사이에 다중 경로를 설정한다. ns-2 시뮬레이션을 사용하여 제안된 방식에 대한 성능을 평가한다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.197-200
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• 2017

This study evaluated the effect of a combination of acetaminophen and vitamin C (CAV) on reducing serum cortisol and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) concentrations in piglets vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine. Piglets were vaccinated with FMD vaccine and treated with CAV at concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kg/ton feed (P-CON, AD-1, AD-2, and AD-3, groups, respectively) for 5 days post-vaccination. Cortisol and $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels at 5 days post-treatment in the AD-1-3 groups were significantly lower than that in the P-CON group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between AD-2 and AD-3 groups and non-vaccinated, non-CAV-treated piglets.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.193-201
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• 2012

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an immune disorder that is becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the world. The exact etiology of AD remains unknown, and a cure for AD is not currently available. The hypothesis that appropriate early microbial stimulation contributes to the establishment of a balanced immune system in terms of T helper type Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cell (Treg) responses has led to the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of AD in light of various human clinical studies and animal experiments. Meta-analysis data suggests that probiotics can alleviate the symptoms of AD in infants. The effects of balancing Th1/Th2 immunity and enhancing Treg activity via the interaction of probiotics with dendritic cells have been described in vitro and in animal models, although such an effect has not been demonstrated in human studies. In this review, we present some highlights of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in humans and animal studies with regard to their effects on the prevention of AD.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.12B
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• pp.800-808
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• 2007

With the development of wireless data communication technology, all IP-based network will become compositions of wired and wireless networks. TCP is a connection-oriented, reliable transport protocol and has been used as de facto standard in most wired networks. Because TCP's congestion control algorithm could not distinguish congestion from BER, link failure and frequent route changes, TCP shows a poor performance over mobile ad-hoc networks. In this paper, the theoretical feature of TCP was studied and the performance of TCP over mobile ad-hoc networks was analyzed with ns2.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2022

This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of 80% ethanol extracts of Stachys affinis (MQ) on 1-fluoro-2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced atopic dermatitis (AD) in Balb/c mice. AD-like allergic contact dermatitis was induced by challenge of DNFB on the ear after DNFB sensitization on the back sides of mice. MQ alleivated clinical severity in AD-like skin lesions. In addition, ear thickness of epidermis and penetration of inflammatory cells in AD-like skin lesions were decreased by topical application of MQ. The the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were measured in AD mice using ELISA kits. Levels of TNF-α and IL-4 in serum were significantly decreased by topical application of MQ. Therefore, this study could give a clinical basis that MQ could be a agent to prevent AD.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2011

VANET(Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a kind of ad hoc networks consist of intelligence vehicular ad nodes, and has become a hot emerging research project in many field. It provide traffic safety, cooperative driving and etc. but has also some security problems that can be occurred in general ad hoc networks. Also, in VANET, vehicles shoul d be able to authenticate each other to securely communicate with network-based infrastructure, and their locations and identifiers should not be exposed from the communication messages. This paper proposes V2I(Vehicular to Infra structure) authentication protocol that anonymity and untraceability of vehicular using Error Correcting Code that ge nerate encoding certification using generation matrix. The proposed scheme based on ECC resolves overhead problems of vehicular secure key management of KDC.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.409-414
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• 2006

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were enumerated and isolated from a steady-state anaerobic master culture reactor (MCR) operated for over six months under a semi-continuous mode and nitrate-limiting conditions using thiosulfate as an electron donor. Most are Gram-negative bacteria, which have sizes up to 12 m. Strains AD1 and AD2 were isolated from the plate count agar (PCA), and strains BD1 and BD2 from the solid thiosulfate/nitrate medium. Based on the morphological, physiological, FAME and 16S rDNA sequence analyses, the two dominant strains, AD1 and AD2, were identified as Paracoccus denitrificans and Paracoccus versutus (formerly Thiobacillus versutus), respectively. From the physiological results, glucose was assimilated by both strains AD1 and AD2. Heterotrophic growth of strains AD1 and AD2 could be a more efficient way of obtaining a greater amount of biomass for use as an inoculum. Even though facultative autotrophic bacteria grow under heterotrophic conditions, autotrophic denitrification would not be reduced.