• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.62-65
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• 2009

YBCO-coated conductors, called "second-generation wires," show a remarkably greater increase in the amount or speed of their resistance than BSCCO wires when a quench occurs. This is probably because of the specific resistance at their stabilizer layer, which also affects their voltage grade. YBCO coated conductors with copper as a stabilizer layer have a voltage grade of 1.5-2 V/cm, and those with stainless steel as a stabilizer layer have a voltage grade of about 0.5-0.6 V/cm. The voltage grade of YBCO coated conductors is important in selecting and applying superconducting wires to power instruments later. In this study, two kinds of YBCO-coated conductors with different stabilizer layers and one kind of BSCCO wire were prepared. Among them, based on the YBCO coated conductors that had a stainless steel stabilizer layer with a low voltage grade, five kinds of experimental samples for joining were prepared with the remaining two kinds of wires. Using the prepared samples, the current application properties and the resistance increase in the flux-flow and the quench states of the single wire and the joined wires were compared.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

We separately cultured follicular oocytes collected from individual ovaries of slaughtered Korean native cows and examined both the embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate after embryo transplantation according to the meat yield and quality grades of the source beef carcass. Oocytes from meat yield grade B cows exhibited a higher fertilization rate and embryonic developmental rate to the eight-cell stage than oocytes from grade A or C animals (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in rate of development to the blastocyst stage among meat yield grades A, Band C. The oocyte cleavage rate and development rate to the eight-cell stage from meat quality grade 3 cattle was higher than grades 1++, 1+, 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Embryos derived from grade animals displayed a development rate to the blastocyst stage of 19.4%, which was also higher than all other meat quality grades (p<0.05). Transplantation of in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade A ovaries led to a higher pregnancy rate (64.2%) than in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade B ovaries (56.5%), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in pregnancy or abortion rates. In conclusion, embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate has a close relation to meat quality grades of the source beef carcass, this results is to give information for the Korean native cows improvement of breed.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.190-198
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• 2022

Backgrounds/Aims: Traumatic pancreatic injury (TPI) is rare as an isolated injury. There is a trend to perform conservative treatment even in patients with complete duct dissection and successful treatment. This study reviewed our 20 years of experience in the management of TPI and assessed patient outcomes according to age group and treatment strategy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed and treated with TPI at a level-I trauma center from 2000-2019. Patients were divided into two groups: adults and pediatrics. Conservative treatment cases were subjected to subgroup analysis. Level of evidence: IV. Results: Of a total of 77 patients, the mean age was 24.89 ± 15.88 years. Fifty-six (72.7%) patients had blunt trauma with motor vehicle accident. Blunt trauma was the predominant mechanism in 42 (54.5%) patients. Overall, 38 (49.4%) cases had grade I or II injury, 24 (31.2%) had grade III injury, and 15 (19.5%) had grade IV injury. A total of 30 cases had non-operative management (NOM). Successful NOM was observed in 16 (20.8%) cases, including eight (32.0%) pediatric cases and eight (15.4%) adult cases. Higher American association for the surgery of trauma (AAST) grade of injury was associated with NOM failure (16.7% for grade I/II, 100% for grade III, and 66.7% for grade IV injury; p = 0.001). An independent factor for NOM failure was female sex (69.2% in females vs. 29.4% in males; p = 0.03). Conclusions: High AAST grade TPI is associated with a high rate of NOM failure in both pediatric and adults.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to elucidate the anatomical development of physiologic suture closure processes in infants using three dimensional reconstructed computed tomography (CT). Methods : A consecutive series of 243 infants under 12 months of age who underwent three dimensional CT were included in this study. Four major cranial sutures (sagittal, coronal, lambdoidal and metopic suture) were classified into four suture closure grades (grade 0=no closure along the whole length, grade 1=partial or intermittent closure, grade 2=complete closure with visible suture line, grade 3=complete fusion (ossification) without visible suture line), and measured for its closure degree (suture closure rates; defined as percentage of the length of closed suture line divided by the total length of suture line). Results : Suture closure grade under 12 months of age comprised of grade 0 (n=195, 80.2%), grade 1 (n=24, 9.9%) and grade 2 (n=24, 9.9%) in sagittal sutures, whereas in metopic sutures they were grade 0 (n=61, 25.1%), grade 1 (n=167, 68.7%), grade 2 (n=6, 24%) and grade 3 (n=9, 3.7%). Mean suture closure rates under 12 months of age was 58.8% in metopic sutures, followed by coronal (right : 43.8%, left : 41.1%), lambdoidal (right : 27.2%, left : 25.6%) and sagittal sutures (15.6%), respectively. Conclusion : These quantitative descriptions of cranial suture closure may help understand the process involved in the cranial development of Korean infants.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2009

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the degrees of injury on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the time interval to recovery of consciousness in patients with diffuse axonal injury. Methods : From January 2004 to December 2008, 25 patients with diffuse axonal injury were treated at our hospital. We retrospectively investigated the patients' medical records and radiological findings. We divided the patients into three groups according to the grade of MRI finding : grade I, small scattered lesions on the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere; grade II, focal lesions on the corpus callosum; and grade III, additional focal lesions on the brain stem. Result : Seven patients belonged to the grade I group; 10 to the grade II group; and 8 to the grade III group. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of all patients at the time of admission was 7.28. Recovery of consciousness was observed in 23 of the 25 patients; the remaining two patients never regained consciousness. The time interval to recovery of consciousness (awake status) ranged from 1 day to 125 days (mean 22.1 days) : grade I group patients, within approximately 1 week (mean 3.7 days); grade II group patients, within approximately 2 weeks (mean 12.5 days); and grade III group patients, within approximately 2 months (mean 59.5 days). Conclusion : Our study results suggest a correlation between the mean time interval to recovery of consciousness in patients with diffuse axonal injuries and the degrees of brain injuries seen on MRI. Patients with grade I and II diffuse axonal injuries recovered consciousness within 2 weeks, while patients with grade III injuries required approximately 2 months.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.2131-2135
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• 2013

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of distearoylphosphatidylcholine pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (DPLD) combined with carboplatin for the treatment of platinum resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) or fallopian tube cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of women who received DPLD with carboplatin for recurrent EOC or fallopian tube cancer in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Thailand from January 2006 to August 2011 was conducted. Patients were identified from the medical records and data on demographic factors, stage, histology, surgical findings, cytoreduction status, and prior chemotherapies were abstracted. The efficacy and toxicity of DPLD/carboplatin were evaluated. Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: A total of 65 patients, 64 with platinum resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer and 1 with fallopian tube cancer, were enrolled. DPLD and carboplatin were given for an average of 4.46 cycles per patient with a total of 273 cycles. Among the 65 evaluable patients, 0% achieved CR, 7.69% PR, 15.4% SD and 76.% PD. The overall response rate was 23.1%. With a median follow-up of 27.4 months, the median progression-free and median overall survival in the 36 patients was 4.46 months and 8.76 months respectively. In the aspect of side effects, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) occurred in 33.3% (Grade I 22.2%, Grade II 11.1%) and mucositis in 41.7% (Grade I 27.8%, Grade II 13.9%) of all treatment cycles, all Grade 1 or 2. Anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 58.3% (Grade I 41.7%, Grade II 16.7%), 66.7% (Grade I 47.2%, Grade II 19.4%), and 22.2% (Grade I 16.6%, Grade II 5.56%) of cycle respectively, and were mostly Grade 1 or 2. Conclusions: DPLD, the second-generation PLD drug combined with carboplatin every 4 weeks, is effective and has low toxicity for treatment of patients with recurrent platinum-resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.100-109
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• 2021

Objective : Diffuse astrocytic tumour (DAT) is a diffuse infiltrative astrocytoma tumour accompanied by molecular parameters such as the presence or absence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutations. Ki-67 is a marker for DAT proliferation, while programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) indicates an immune evasion mechanism. This study aimed to analyze the correlation among mutant IDH1 R132H, Ki-67, and PD-L1 immunoexpression in the DAT. Methods : A cross-sectional study was carried out on 30 paraffin blocks of DAT cases. Paraffin block samples consist of grade II (n=14), grade III (n=8), and grade IV (n=8). In this study, the immunohistochemistry-staining of mutant IDH1 R132H, Ki-67, and PD-L1 were carried out to determine the frequency of DAT with IDH1 mutations. Results : Our study shown the frequency of IDH1 mutations in grade II 50.0% (7/14), grade III 37.5% (3/8), and grade IV 12.5% (1/8). Our study also showed a difference in Ki-67 and PD-L1 expression between each the degree of DAT histopathology (p=0.0001 and p=0.002, respectively). There was an association between both mutant IDH1 R132H, and Ki-67 with PD-L1 expression in DAT (p=0.0087 and p=0.0049, respectively). Conclusion : DAT with the mutant IDH1 is frequently observed in grade II and small number of grade III. The expression of wild type IDH1, Ki-67, and PD-L1 were found to be higher in high grade DAT (grade III and grade IV). There is a correlation between each of mutant IDH1 status and Ki-67 with PD-L1 expression in DAT.

• Journal of the Korea Management Engineers Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.105-123
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to verify whether the technology grade, which is the result of technology appraisal by Technology Credit Bureau, can be extended and applied to the venture certification system. We confirmed that there was a significant difference in the average financial performance for three years after the certification and appraisal of the two groups after matching the venture certification enterprise group and the technology appraisal enterprise group in 2015 through the propensity score matching method. As a result, there was no significant difference in the financial performance of venture certified firms and technology appraisal firms, so we confirmed that the technology grade can be expanded and applied to the venture certification system. As a result of estimating the technology grade conforming to the venture certification system, it was concluded that technology outstanding firm(T1-T4) is a technology grade suitable for the venture certification system.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2009

Objective : To investigate the effectiveness of radiographic parameters on segmental instability in the lumbar spine using Kinetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods : Segmental motion, defined as excessive (more than 3 mm) translational motion from flexion to extension, was investigated in 309 subjects (927 segments) using Kinetic MRI. Radiographic parameters which can help indicate segmental instability include disc degeneration (DD), facet joint osteoarthritis (FJO), and ligament flavum hypertrophy (LFH). These three radiographic parameters were simultaneously evaluated, and the combinations corresponding to significant segmental instability at each level were determined. Results : The overall incidence of segmental instability was 10.5% at L3-L4, 16.5% at L4-L5, and 7.3% at L5-S1. DD and LFH at L3-L4 and FJO and LFH at L4-L5 were individually associated with segmental instability (p<0.05). At L4-L5, the following combinations had a higher incidence of segmental instability (p<0.05) when compared to other segments : (1) Grade IV DD with grade 3 FJO, (2) Grade 2 or 3 FJO with the presence of LFH, and (3) Grade IV DD with the presence of LFH. At L5-S1, the group with Grade III disc and Grade 3 FJO had a higher incidence of segmental instability than the group with Grade I or II DD and Grade 1 FJO. Conclusion : This study showed that the presences of either Grade IV DD or grade 3 FJO with LFH at L4-L5 were good indicators for segmental instability. Therefore, using these parameters simultaneously in patients with segmental instability would be useful for determining candidacy for surgical treatment.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to assess the efficacy of a bioabsorbable polylactide (PLA) plate and screw for treating injuries of ankle fractures. Materials and Methods: 24 patients who underwent an open reduction and internal fixation operation for ankle fractures from July 2005 to March 2007 were enrolled into the study. There were 15 men and 9 women. The average age of the patients was 44 years and the average follow-up period was 16 years and two months (16.2 months). All cases were divided into low grade fracture patient (11) who belongs in type A and B of Danis-Weber classification and high grade fracture patient (13) who belongs in type C1, C2 of Danis-Weber classification, and each groups were analyzed by clinical (Meyer score) and radiological finding at the time of their last follow-up evaluation. Results: The clinical results according to Meyer scoring system, showed that all patient with low grade fracture had good to excellent result, but only 54% of patient with high grade fracture had good to excellent result. According to Cedell's radiologic finding, there were 91% cases above fair in low grade fracture. But there were 62% of patient above fair result in high grade fracture, the reduction losses were seen in 38% of patient with high grade fracture. Conclusion: Bioabsorbable PLA plate and screw is good internal fixation device which doesn't have additional operation for removal of implant because of slow absorption within the human body. It showed sufficient strength for acquisition and maintenance of reduction in low grade fracture, but need attention to use because of many cases of reduction loss in high grade fracture. So, it seems to be safe and effective when used in heeling of low grade fracture under considering about type of fracture sufficiently.