• Journal of architectural history
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• v.9 no.2 s.23
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• pp.33-48
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• 2000

This study aims to analyze the construction of Kyungsang KAMYOUNG in the late Chosun dynasty by restoring its constructive system and relating it with the office organization. followings are the summary of this study. 1. Government office of Daegu consists of inn(KAEGSA), Kyungsang KAMYOUNG, and Daegu city hall(BUA), and JINYOUNG. 2. The layout of virtual placement is shown in the in the text. Even though it had been newly constructed due to three times of fire, the fundamental scheme of space is found out not to have been changed since mid-eighteen century at the latest. 3. Followings are the result of analyzing the space of KAMYOUNG, after dividing its space into entry area, main business area and police military business area in the aspect of business. First, entry area consists of 2 door system with external door(UOISAMMUN) and internal door(NAESAMMUN). Second, main business area consists of facilities for inspector, public officials, and low grade employee respectively This space is divided into SUNHWADANG area and JINGCHONGKAK area, and the former consists of active business facilities, and the latter consists of passive business facilities focusing on the rest facilities. Third, business support area consists of facilities for low grade employee and minor assistant respectively, which are placed to the left and right of POJONGMUN and KWANPUNGRU. Fourth, police military business space is in middle(JUNGYOUNG) and forms separate areas to the east of SUNHWADANG. Accordingly, It is certain that the space of Kyungsang KAMYOUNG had been placed in accordance with the nature of business per position.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Investigation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2006

지난 2005년 8월 18일 대전광역시 중구 문화동 가옥에서 발생한 화재를 사례로 하여 현재 발생되고 있는 보험범죄의 잔인하고 반인륜적인 모델을 제시하였다. 동 사례는 일가족 4명이 화재로 인하여 사망하였으며, 초기에는 전기누전에 의한 단순한 화재로 오인되었으나, 현장의 정밀감정, 소사체의 정밀 부검 및 면밀한 수사를 통하여 보험금을 노린 살인 방화사건으로 밝혀진 사례이다. 본 고찰에서는 화재현장의 상황, 가옥 내부의 연소형태, 전기적인 특이점, 연소매개체, 피의자의 행위, 연소지연시간의 발생 및 수사 자료를 근거로 제시하고, 종합적으로 고찰하여 일가족 4명을 살해한 후, 시너를 연소매개체로 사용한 방화에 의해 화재가 발생한 것으로 판단한 사례이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.341-344
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• 2010

발화점 감지 튜브 자동소화장치는 화재발생시 일정한 온도가 되면 튜브가 녹아 가스가 방출되면서 소화용기내의 소화약제가 방출되어 화재를 진압하는 장치로써 전력의 공급 없이도 화재의 감지 및 소화가 가능한 자동소화장치이다. 본 논문에서는 감지온도 $100^{\circ}C{\sim}110^{\circ}C$에서 열에 반응하여 가스방출이 가능한 첨단 폴리머 튜크 재질의 발화점감지 튜브를 개발하고자 기존 발화점 감지 튜브의 특성을 분석하였다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.87-94
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• 2019

Through a press release dated July 17, 2018, the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission recommended that the National Fire Agency develop preventive measures against fire in the "Indoor Archery Ground" and "Room Escape Café" etc., which were originally excluded from the category of "Publicly Used Establishments." This study developed the hierarchy of domains and indicators of measurement for fire risk assessment of the new business of publicly used establishments through the Delphi Method. It analyzed the goodness of fit scores (over 3.00) and secured an average score of 4.25. Using AHP analysis, the ratio of consistency for the domains of measurement of fire risk assessment was found to be 4.0%, which was lower than CR ≤ 0.1 (10%). The consistency of subsequent measurement indicators were distributed in the range of 0.1%~3.6%, and they were identified as being commonly consistent. The indicators of measurement appeared as follows in order of importance and priority: Type of Internal Passage of Establishment and Evacuation Capacity of Exit (0.316), Control of Ignition Source (0.141), Inherent Risk (0.106), Appropriateness and Adaptiveness of Fire Detection System (0.097), Control of Inflammables/Combustibles (0.084), Guides and Facilities helping Evacuation (0.075), Fire Resistant Structure and Finishing Materials (0.060), Compartmentalization and Emergency Exit (0.049), Risk of Fire Expansion (0.046), and Appropriateness and Adaptiveness of Fire Extinguishing Facilities (0.026). The findings of this study are expected to be expansively used as data for future research on the development of fire risk assessment indicators.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

As building height is increased, more careful decisions about the required safe egress time is needed for evacuation. This study analyzed the influence of three training sessions on the vertical speed of evacuation in the high rise building. Evacuation experiments were done in a high-rise office building in Seoul, and we analyzed the vertical evacuation speed as a function of density using a camera. Controlled and uncontrolled total evacuation were compared using the Pathfinder simulation. The process of repeated training, changed the specific stair utilization rate from 6.3% to 39.5%. The vertical evacuation speed as a function of density was analyzed using the equation s = 1.004 ? 0.288D, which is very similar to the equation used in a different study. The total evacuation time of the special controlled total evacuation was reduced by about 25% compared to the simultaneous evacuation.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

This study was conducted by survey and inspection of stair passage leading lights in shopping buildings which are more than 5 stories and have an underground parking lot located at Pyeongtaek-si and Seongnam-si. Number of shopping building for this study is 30 and of stair passage leading light inspected by two lights in each shopping building is 60. The result of this study is that the type of installed leading lights is LED(77%), and 60% of leading lights has problem such as no cleaning, scratch and discoloration, etc. The height of installed leading lights meets the fire law which is less than 1m from the floor. Visible condition of leading lights is good except some leading lights which have a little visible problem due to banner advertisement. 37% of standby power has flickered and went out. 93% of total leading lights meets the fire law which is more than 1lux from 0.5m distance, but cold cathode fluorescent lamps(CCFLs) have the problem which not meets proper brightness level based on fire law. In additional measurement result, zero lux of leading lights is 32%(from 1m distance), 68%(from 1.5m distance) and 98%(from 2m distance). Leading light is very important facility because it is eyes and guide when emergency. Therefore, proper fire facility operating function inspection and total detailed inspection are important to keep the good condition of leading light except simple visual check, and also improvement in law system of type approval, fire construction inspection and illumination level will be needed.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.301-306
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• 2002

In Japan, the vacancy rates of office buildings have been at high in big cities since 1992. This problem is especially acute in Tokyo, where it is estimated that over 2.27 million square meters of office floor area will be oversupplied in 2003: big urban redevelopment projects will be completed in 2003. Under these circumstances, International Cooperative Research and Development on Sustainable Urban Management by Conversion of Buildings, called “SUMCOB”, has been carried out. This research aims to regenerate urban areas by converting redundant offices into flats, although instances of conversion are still very few in Japan. This paper introduces part of current results by SUMCOB, and discusses legal problems with conversion and basic capacity of vacant offices in Tokyo. It has been confirmed that there are no constraints concerned with Real Estate Registration Law (although it requires the change of the registration after conversion). and City Planning Law. However, some criteria are incompatible with Building Standard Law and Fire Service Law if the use of the building is changed from offices to flats. Typical incompatibility between offices and flats is lightening. If the buildings do not satisfy criteria for flats, the cost of renovation works for conversion will increase. To examine the basic capacity of vacant office buildings for conversion, field surveys in Tokyo have carried out at three areas: Kodenmacho (Chuo-ku), Toranomon (Minato-ku), and Iwamonocho (Chiyoda-ku). They are typical office areas that are included in center core of Tokyo. In Chuo-ku, the oldest commercial area in Tokyo, textile merchants have been located their headquarters. In Minato-ku, many rental office buildings have been located and several large scale redevelopments are advancing. Chiyoda-ku includes Marunouchi area, which is the prime office area in Japan. Thirty percent of the buildings in survey areas suffer from over twenty percent vacant floor rate, and fifty five percent were constructed before 1990. Especially most of buildings over forty percent vacant floor rate were constructed in 1980s. Vacant office problems haven't been seen in old buildings in Tokyo yet. The number of dwelling units made from office space will influence the conversion scheme. Seventy percent of the office buildings in survey areas have floor area of less than two hundred square meters. If they have been subdivided into two bedrooms type or three bedrooms type, the number of dwelling units in a floor would be less than three. The difficulty of conversion planning derives from frontage size, depth size, and their proportion. The five categories are proposed to grasp actual requirements for converting offices into flats.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

To investigate the influence of the char layer formed during the combustion process on the pyrolysis of wood combustibles, ISO 5660-1 cone calorimetry experiments and Fire dynamics simulator (FDS) simulations were performed, and the results from these two methods were compared. The wood combustible selected as the fuel for this study, Douglas fir, has been widely used for the production of building materials, furniture, etc. The heat release rate (HRR) measured from the cone calorimetry experiment was in good agreement with the result predicted by the FDS simulation. However, the FDS simulation failed to predict the heat released by the smoldering combustion process, due to the absence of the char surface reaction in the model. The FDS simulation results clearly indicate that the char layer formed on the surface of combustibles produces a thermal barrier which prevents heat transfer to the interior, thickening the thermal depth and thus reducing the pyrolysis rate of combustibles.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2020

In this study, the ISO 5660 and ISO 5659 combustion tests were conducted with synthetic resin conduits (CD, VE) and metal conduit (ST) used for wiring work in electrical facilities, which can be installed in ceiling concealed places. Then, fire spreading and evacuation risks were analyzed based on the measured data. In the ISO 5660 test, CD of 120.5 MJ/㎡, VE of 81.9 MJ/㎡, and ST of 4.9 MJ/㎡ were measured. In the ISO 5659 test, the CD 1320, VE 731, and ST 102 were measured, and then the maximum smoke densities were measured for CD 605 s, VE 740 s, and ST 1,200 s. In terms of fire spreading and evacuation risk, the CD conduit, VE conduit, and ST conduit were in order. In the fire spreading risk analysis, total heat emission was calculated as 4,820 MJ/㎡, 4,267 MJ/㎡, and 196 MJ/㎡ for CD, VE, and ST, respectively. Evacuation risk analysis shows at transmittance of 89%, CD is 127 s, VE is 35 s, and ST is 969 s. At transmittance of 79%, representing almost invisible concentration, CD is 157 s and VE is 50 s. The CD and VE conduits had a high fire spreading and evacuation risks, while the ST conduit had little effect on fire spreading and evacuation risk.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-44
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• 2003

In the Local Autonomy Law, we regard the fire-fighting service as inherent service for the local government. However, if we look into the course of the charge of fire-fighting service, after the transfer of this from the police service, or the state, to the local service in 1991, this is now taking a firm hold as service of the local government. what we call the local services includes the business about the welfare of the residents and that of taking in charge of the resident properties, proclaimed in the Constitution. That is to say, the basic purpose of the local autonomy is to make the residents feel the most convenient and safe, and this is the mission of the present-day local autonomy. Looking from this point of view, if we consider that the ultimate purpose of fire-fighting is promoting the welfare of the residents by preventing and putting out fires and, in the time of emergency, carrying out rescue and relief operations, and furthermore, maintaining the safety and order of a society, until present time the benefits of fire-fighting business were mainly available to the residents of the cities. In order to break from these thoughts, according to the result of comparing and analyzing the metropolitan city, surrounding rural areas, middle and small cities and typical rural areas, the rural areas are urgently demanding fire-fighting service, so it is being proved that it is necessary to install the offices in these areas. Therefore, the installation of the fire-fighting offices in the counties that are the basic units of the primary local autonomy and are rural areas should be expanded as part of the welfare administration.