• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.760-764
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• 1996

The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of 9-fluorenone have been calculated using the Hartree-Fock and Becke-3-Lee-Yang-Parr(B3LYP) density functional methods with 6-31G* basis set. Harmonic vibrational frequencies obtained from the B3LYP calculation show good agreement with the available experimental data. A few vibrational fundamentals are newly assigned based on the B3LYP results. The B3LYP calculation is reconfirmed to be useful in the assignment of the fundamental vibrational frequencies.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2023

본 논문은 제조공정이 단순하고, 공정시간도 매우 짧아 제조원가를 절감할 수 있는 고분자 유기하드마스크를 합성하는데 목적을 두었다. 승화 정제 장치를 통한 잔류금속을 측정한 결과, 9-Naphthalen-1-ylcarbazole(9-NC)은 4th zone에서 101.75ppb, 2-Naphthol(2-NA)은 5th zone에서 306.98ppb, 9-Fluorenone(9-F)는 4th zone에서 5th zone 사이에서 129.05ppb로 측정되었다. 그리고 합성된 유기하드마스크를 필터 시스템을 거친 후 잔류금속을 측정한 결과 9 ~ 7ppb 측정되었다. 또 열분석 변화를 측정한 결과, 2.78%로 감소하였고 분자량은 942로 측정되었고 탄소 함량은 89.74%이고 수율은 72.4%로 나타났다. 에칭 속도는 평균 18.22Å/s로 측정되었고 코팅 두께 편차는 평균 1.19로 측정되었다. 유기하드마스크의 입자크기가 0.2㎛ 이하에서는 입자가 존재하지 않았다. 코팅 속도를 1,000, 1,500, 1,800rpm으로 변화를 주어 코팅 두께를 측정한 결과, 수축률은 17.9에서 20.8%까지 측정되었고 코팅 결과 SiON과 접착력이 우수하고 유기하드마스크가 균일하게 도포되었음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 1999

Asymmetric recognition of chiral alcohol by fluorenone derivatives with chiral substituents through intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction in the singlet excited state was attempted. 1-((1S, 2R, 5S)-(+)-Menthyloxycarbonyl)aminofluoren-9-one (1-MAF) and 1-((1S, 2R, 5S)-(+)-menthyloxycarbonyl)oxyfluoren-9-one (1-MOF) were synthesized and their photophysical behaviors were characterized by the measurement of absorption and fluorescence spectra, as well as the quantum yield and the lifetime of fluorescence. The excited singlet states of 1-MAF and 1-MOF were revealed to have characteristics similar to those of fluorenone, though the intramolecular CT nature was fairly suppressed as compared with 3- and 4-substituted aminofluorenones. Fluorescences of 1-MAF and 1-MOF in acetonitrile were quenched by the addition of alcohols. Differences in fluorescence quenching efficiency were hardly observe for rather small chiral alcohols such as (R)-(-)- or (S)-(+)-2-butanol, while bulky alcohols such as menthol and isopinocampheol showed chiral recognition effects in their fluorescence quenching of 1-MAF in either acetonitrile or butyronitrile.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2011

The fluorene-degrading strain Sphingobacterium sp. KM-02 was isolated from PAHs-contaminated soil near a mineimpacted area by selective enrichment techniques. Fluorene added to the Sphingobacterium sp. KM-02 culture as sole carbon source was 78.4% removed within 120 h. A fluorene degradation pathway is tentatively proposed based on identification of the metabolic intermediates 9-fluorenone, 4-hydroxy-9-fluorenone, and 8-hydroxy-3,4-benzocoumarin. Further the ability of Sphingobacterium sp. KM-02 to bioremediate 100 mg/kg fluorene in soil matrix was examined by composting under laboratory conditions. Treatment of microcosm soil with the strain KM-02 for 20 days resulted in a 65.6% reduction in total amounts. These results demonstrate that Sphingobacterium sp. KM-02 could potentially be used in the bioremediation of fluorene from contaminated soil.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2002

국내외에서 수집 재배한 29품종 유색미의 70% 에탄올 추출물로 세포독성, 변이원성, 화학적 직접변이원 mitomycin C, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone에 대한 항변이원성을 측정하였다. 세포 내재성 alkaline phosphatase활성을 지표로 유색미 추출물이 지시세포인 E. coli PQ 37의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 Jumlalocal, Jumlalocal-1을 포함하는 13종류의 유색미 추출물이 세포독성을 나타낸 반면 DK 1, SC-5, LK 1A-2-12-1-1및 wx 139-3-64-20-3-1등의 품종은 세포성장 촉진활성을 나타내었다. SOS chromotest 기법을 이용하여 유색미가 가지는 변이원성 및 항변이원성을 조사한 결과에서는 Jumlalocal-1, IR 17491-5-4-3-3 및 Jumlalocal 등의 품종이 변이원성을 유도하는 품종이었다. 화학적 직접변이원 mitomycin C, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone 및 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide 에 대해서 공통적으로 항변이원성 효과가 인정되는 유색미 품종은 LK1-3-6-12-1-1, Parnkhari 203, Jumlalocal, wx 139-3-64-20-3-1, Muthumanikam, HP 883-1-1-1-B-1-1, Jumla-local-1 등 7품종이었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2011

We describe a method for effectively pretreating soil highly that has been contaminated with fluorene (${\gg}$ 120 mg/kg soil), i.e., we apply Fenton oxidation in which ethanol is added to increase fluorene removal. To obtain maximum fluorene removal efficiency, a minimum of 1.0 ml of ethanol, 0.35 ml of $H_2O_2$, and 0.2 ml of 0.5M $Fe^{2+}$ was needed per 1 g of fluorene-contaminated soil. Under optimal Fenton oxidation conditions, 13% of 9-fluorene was generated during Fenton oxidation of 43% fluorene. The biodegradability of 9-fluorenone was subsequently confirmed to be much more rapid than that of fluorene, i.e., biodegradability of 96% versus 35% over 31 days. These results demonstrate that the proposed treatment method can be effectively applied to remove fluorene prior to disposal at industrial waste sites.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.571-574
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• 2002

The photorefractive polymeric composite with good performance was prepared. The carbazole-substituted polysiloxane sensitized by 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone was used as a photoconducting medium and 1-[4-(2-nitrovinyl)phenyl]piperidine was added as an optically nonlinear chromophore. The photorefractive property of polymer was determined by diffraction efficiency using a 100 ㎛-thick film. The maximum diffraction efficiency ( ηmax) of 71% was obtained at the electric field of 70 V/ ㎛. The potential of the current polymer material as a holographic recording medium was evaluated by the demonstration of holographic recording and subsequent reading of optical image.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제5권3_4호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1990

Nitroarenes are ubiquitous environmental pollutants displaying potent mutagenicity in bacteria and carcinogenicity in mammal. In this study, the concentration of nitroarenes in coarse and fine particles and mutagenicity of POC$\_$N/ fraction was investigated in suspended particulates at the Shinchon and Bulkwang area of Seoul. The suspended particulates were collected bimonthly by a high volume cascade impactor air sampler from July 1987 to May 1988. Extractable organic matter was obtained by ultrasonic extraction on diethly ether/cyclohexane (8/2, v/v). Neutral fraction was obtained by liquid-liquid extraction. Polar neutral organic compounds (POC$\_$N/) was fractionated by thin-layer chromatography. Finally, the concentrations of nitroarenes in POC$\_$N/ fraction were measured and determined by capillary gas chromatography. Direct and indirect mutagenicity of POC$\_$N/ fraction were measured using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. The result were as follows: 1) Major nitroarenes at the Shinchon area was 1-nitropyrene and at the Bulkwang area it was 2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone during the year. 2) Average concentration of total nitroarenes measured was 67.26 ng/m$^3$in fine particles which was 1,3 folds higher that in coarse particle (52.30 ng/m$^3$). 3) Annual pattern of nitroarenes concentrations revealed that concentration during heating season (Feb., Jan., Mar.) was 2.2 folds higher than that in non heating season (May, Jul., Sep.). Concentration of each season has 157.68 ng/m$^3$and 80.39 ng/m$^3$. 4) The mutagenic activity of POC$\_$N/ fraction from fine particles was higher compared to that of coarse particles and was increased when metabolically activated, with 59 mixture. Mutagenicities, Metabolically activated, were significantly different between Shinchon and Bulkwang area, 322.8 rev/250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate and 286.8 rev/250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate, respectively. 5) Annual pattern of mutagenicity of POC$\_$N/ fraction revealed that mutagenicity during the heating season was 1.7 folds higher at Shinchon area and 1.2 folds higher at Bulkwang than during the non heating season. The variable contents and levels of nitroarenes in suspended particulates may affect human health significantly. Further studies such as risk assessment should be conducted on the basis of these kind of studies.