• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.189-202
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• 1999

The study was carried out from March to May in 1998 to compare the food habits and food preference of 391 men in Kyung Nam area who were between twenties and sixties. The summarized results are as follow: 1. The 30's were highest(173.8cm) and the 60's were lowest(168.3cm) in their average stature. The 30's were heaviest(68.2Kg) and the 20's were lightest(62.3Kg) in their average weight(P<0.001). Average BMI was highest in the 50's and lowest in the 20's. 2. Average food habit score of the subjects(4.08) was as low as belonging to the poor group and lowest was 20's. 3. The rate of not eating was highest in the breakfast and the subjects ate breakfast more as they were older(P<0.001). The serious problem of food habit was irregular eating time. The subjects ate in the more irregular time as they were younger. 4. 88.9% of the subjects preferred cooked rice and cereals as their main food, kimchi as their side dish and fruit as their eating between meals. 5. We found great differences in the kinds and number of drinkings subjects preferred as their ages(P<0.001). 20's preferred cider and cola. 30's, 40's and 50's preferred coffee and 60's preferred ginseng tea and citron tea. The rate of smoking was higher in 30's and 40's then in 20's and 50's. 6. 72.9% of the 20's and 16.7% of the 60's ate instant food more than 2-3 times a week. They ate Ramen most often because of its convenience. They ate out more as they were younger and preferred Korean food as their eating out menu. 7. The degree of preference in a sweet taste was highest in 20's and lowest in 40's (P<0.01) and the degree in the preference of a sour taste became lower as they were older(P<0.001). Only in the preference of a salty taste, we could find the difference of the BMI level. They showed high degree in the preference of a salty taste as the order of the over-weight group, normal group, under-weight group and fat group. They showed meaningful correlationship between the level of BMI and the degree of preference of a salty taste in 20's and 40's and between the food habit score and the level of BMI in 60's (P<0.05).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.671-680
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• 2012

홍마늘 추출물과 녹차, 식이섬유 및 녹차 식이섬유를 혼합한 3종의 복합물(R+T, R+F 및 R+TF)을 이용하여 고지방-콜레스테롤을 급이한 흰쥐에 대해 항비만 효과를 $in$ $vitro$ 및 $in$ $vivo$에서 측정하였다. 녹차 복합물(R+T) 및 녹차 식이섬유 복합물(R+TF)은 홍마늘 추출물(RG)보다 총 페놀 함량이 1.9~2.0배 높았으며, 콜레스테롤 흡착활성은 9.5~11.5배 높은 활성이었다. 실험군은 6군(정상군, 고지방-콜레스테롤 식이 급이군(HFC), R+T 급이군(HR+T), R+F 급이군(HR+F) 및 R+TF 급이군(HR+TF))으로 나누어 각 추출물을 식이에 1% 수준으로 4주간 급이 하였다. 실험군에서 최종 체중은 대조군에 비해 유의적인 감소를 보였으나, 식이효율은 대조군과 유의차가 없었다. 간장의 중량은 정상군에 비해 대조군이 2.0배 정도 증가되었으며, HR+T군과 HR+TF군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 내장지방과 부고환 주변지방 함량은 복합물 첨가군에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 비만도 지수는 대조군에 비해 HR+TF군에서만 유의적으로 감소하였다. 총 지질, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지질, LDL- 및 VLDL-콜레스테롤 등의 혈중 지질성분과 동맥경화 지수, 심혈관 질환 위험지수는 대조군에 비해 홍마늘 추출물 및 복합물 첨가군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으나, HR+T군, HR+F군 및 HR+TF군간에는 비슷한 수준이었다. GPT 활성은 복합물 첨가군간에 유의차가 없었으나, 홍마늘 추출물 첨가군보다는 유의적으로 낮은 활성이었다. 지질과 산화물 함량은 대조군에 비해 홍마늘 추출물과 복합물 첨가군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 항산화 활성은 HR+T군에서 가장 높았다. 따라서 홍마늘 복합물의 체내 지질 개선 및 항비만 효과는 시료 중의 녹차나 식이섬유의 총 페놀 함량 및 콜레스테롤 흡착활성에 기인된다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.501-519
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• 1996

There are two kinds of commercially available ginseng root, red ginseng and white ginseng processed from fresh ginseng root Those ginsengs are primary product from fresh ginseng root and have the characteristic of keeping their original root shape Processed ginseng products are made from either red ginseng or white ginseng by way of complicated process of pulverization. Extraction. Condensation, fettering, sterilization, etc. Among them there are extracts. extract powder, powder, capsules tablets, Candy, drinks, nectar, jelly, gums. chicken soup. tonic. etc. to meet the demand for consumer's pretheronce . The 200 kinds of processed secondary products are approximately produced in the form of 20 kinds of ginseng products by about 60 domestic companies. In spite of about 213.000 million won of domestic market in 1993. it seems like that the ginseng market of the future has not a good prospects The total market sale of white ginseng in Korea has been continuously decreased since 1991 And 963 tons of white ginseng was consumed in domestic market in 1993 The domestic market sales of white ginseng in origina1 root shave. was 90, 000 million won in 1993 and market price of the fine root used as a source of processed products has not been changed in these ten years. The total market sale of red ginseng and its processed products was 58, 000 million won in 1993 9.800 mi11ion won of red ginseng in original root shape and 48.000mi11ion of processed red ginseng product. Ginseng products such as extracts, drinks, teas and tonics etc atre mostly exported to south-east Asia. And the total exports of ginseng pi.oducts (extracts, drinks teas) decreased to 54 million dollars in 1994, compared with 85 million dollars in 1992. Despite of extensive knowledge about ginseng little is still known about the development of new processed ginseng pl.oducts because of "Know-How". Some papars have presented the effects of extracting method(amounts of solvent. time. temperature, equipment. etc.) on the quality and yields of ginseng extr acts. Also. some researchers have carried out a few studies on the poriflcation of the extracts and the amounts of precipitation in the drink at variotas pH during the storage for preventinly drink from precipitation. A fell studies on the preservation of Korean ginseng powder. tea. Extract powder by irradiation and ozone treatment have been reported by some researcher for the improvement hygienic quality of ginseng products There are also some reports about the effects of ginseng components on the acid production by lactic acid bacteria or acetic acid bacteria. and alcohol production by yeast for the development of new ginseng products processed by fermentation. To make ginseng more able to contribute to the health of mankind in the future. consistent and considerable efforts should be focussed on improving the taste of ginseng and developing various new product as a health food or a function food.tion food.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1977

인삼의 부위별(部位別) saponin조성(組成)에 대하여 검토하였으며 아울러 시판인삼차(市販人蔘茶)을 분석하여 saponin의 함량(含量) 및 분포형태를 검토하므로써 이들 제품의 품질을 추정하고자 하였다. (1) 백삼에는 타부위(他部位)보다 $2.6{\sim}6.6$배의 Ra(O)를 함유하였다. (2) 미삼(尾蔘), 피삼, 뇌두에는 $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, Rc가 많았고 total saponin의 약 50%에 달하였다. (3) Rbc와 Rg(f)의 비(比)는 인삼잎이 0.64 : 1, 백삼이 2 : 1, 뇌두가 3 : 1, 인삼꽃이 3.2 : 1, 피삼이 5.8 : 1, 미삼이 7 : 1 정도였고 백삼은 미삼에 비하여 Rg(f)의 상대함량(相對含量)이 약 3배정도 많았다. (4) 13종(種)의 시판(市販)인삼차를 분석한 결과 panaxadiol계(系) saponin과 panaxatriol계(系) saponin의 비(比)는 $0.8{\sim}8\;:\;1$로 많은 차이가 있었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.445-460
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• 2017

본 연구는 국내 단감 유기재배 선도농가의 병해충 방제 실태조사, 주요 병해충에 대한 친환경 방제자재 선발, 수립한 방제시스템의 현장실증시험을 2013년부터 2015년까지 3년 동안 수행하였다. 유기재배 선도농가의 주 재배품종은 "부유"였으며, 병해충 방제를 연간 9~17회 유기농업 자재를 살포하였다. 피해가 가장 심한 병해충은 탄저병, 노린재, 감꼭지나방, 깍지벌레 등이었으며, 사용한 방제자재는 결정석회황합제, 황토유황, 유화제, 보르도액 그리고 마늘, 은행, 소나무를 이용한 자가제조 식물추출물제를 이용하였다. 탄저병 방제에 효율적인 자재는 결정석회황, 황토유황이었고, 마늘유+ 시트로넬라유제, 고삼종자 추출물+차추출물제가톱다리개미허리노린재와 독나방에 효과적이었다. 감꼭지나방 교미교란트랩을 60개/10a 설치하면 감 착과율을 30% 향상시켰다. 유기재배 단감에 연간 10회 방제하는 방제시스템의 현장실증시험 결과 70.7%의 과일을 수확할 수 있었다. 그러나, 수확기 즈음인 9월, 10월에는 약제를 살포할 수 없기 때문에 이때 가해하는 노린재류의 피해는 감소하지 않았으며, 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Objectives : Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a wide spectrum of diseases including chronic inflammation and cancer. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts from the herbal teas such as Lonicera japonica Thunberg (L. japonica), Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (C. morifolium), Mentha arvensis L. (M. arvensis), and P.rhizoma. Methods : Anti-oxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating assay. And DNA cleavage assay was performed to evaluate an anti-oxidative effect. Anti-inflammatory effect was performed using NO generation assay and western blot in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. Results : L. japonica scavenged DPPH radical by 9.8% at 12.5 ${\mu}g/ml$, 24.8% at 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, 34.3% at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 61.1% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 75.8% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, C. morifolium and M. arvensis removed DPPH radical by 15.6% and 10.4% at 12.5 ${\mu}g/ml$, 34.8% and 22.8% at 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, 66.9% and 43.3% at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 87.4% and 69.1% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, and 92.1% and 73.2% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. However, P. rhizoma did not affect on DPPH radical scavenging. The $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity was highest in L. japonica, but lowest in P. rhizoma among the herbal teas. In addition, the extracts from L. japonica, C. morifolium and M. arvensis inhibited oxidative DNA damage via its anti-oxidant activity. In anti-inflammatory effect, the extracts from C. morifolium inhibited NO production. In addition, it suppressed the $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : Together, this study indicates that L. japonica, M. arvensis and C. morifolium possess the protective effect against the oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, C. morifolium exerts an anti-inflammatory effect.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.164-179
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• 1991

Korean agriculture has encountered two problems. One is internal income disparity between rural and urbarn area and the other is external Uruguay Round trade problems as an abolition of direct and indirect import barriers, reduction in export subsidies and to reduce internal price supports. These problems will be brought severe farm problems such as decreasing farm household income and repressing agricultural growth in the near future. Considering the above inevitable facts Korean government has implemented several development projects such as rural industrial area development project, rural special production area development project, leisuresight seeing farm development project, traditional food development project, unskilled labor training project for off-farm employment and so on, to increase farm household income through off-farm income increase. This study was mainly concentrated on the identification of operational problems and post evaluation of the rural special production area development projects which aimed at increasing non-farm incomes and giving employment opportunity for rural farmers in small factories processing regional special farm products and mine products. The main findings and problems to be solved for the successful project implementation are as followed ; 1. Total number of the special production area development projects as of the end of 1991 was amount to 138, and total number of farm household participated were estimated at 2,079, and total amount of off-farm income per farm household was reached to 3,011 thousand won. 2. The total number of processed special products have increased from 21 items in 1981 to 56 items in 1991. On the other hand the total number of farm household participated in the projects have decreased from 2,518 to 2,079 during same period. 3. Total amount of investment for the projects has increased from 1,429 million won in 1981 to 24,760 million won in 1991 but the rate of G'T loan of the total investment has reduced from 24.5% to 5.2% during same period. 4. 138 special production area development project are classified into 6 kinds of commodity groups such as 19 of general industrial good production areas, 52 of folks-industrial art objects production areas, 39 of food processing areas, 9 of fiber and texstile processing areas, 18 of agricultural and fishery inputs processing areas and 1 of stone processing area. 5. The total production value in 1990 was estimated 20,169 million won of which export was amount to 2,627 million won. 6. The finacial rate of return of the UNGOK KUGIJA Tea processing Project operated by UNGOK coops and BAKSAN ginseng tea processing project were estimated at 45.4% (B/C Ratio=1.17, NPV=152.5 million won) and 17.7% (B/C Ratio=1.12, NPV=120.2 million won) respectively. 7. More favorite terms and condition of the loan including collateral problems have to be given to farmers participated. Heavy investment and G'T subsidy policies should be started for the successful project implementation anf farm household income increase. 8. To expand market demand of the rural special goods G'T have to provide special program of TV or other mass media for commodity propaganda and the total cost concerned must be supported by G'T subsidy. 9. The special farm products as GUGUJA,MOSI'Ramie', Ginseng. SOGOKJU,HEMP,Mushroom.DUGYUNJU and Chesnut processing projects have to be propelled and expanded for off-farm income increase in Chung Nam Province. 10. Direct operational pattern of the special production area by coops is more favorable to farmers and recommendable considering with off-farm income increase and market demand creation throughout Korea. 11. In rural area, special organizations for project appraisal are not exist. Accordingly special training program, project appraisal, formulation and preparation for civil servants concerned have to be prepared for project selection and sound implementation under limited budget and financial support.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2002

홍화씨의 식품재료로서의 이용성을 증가시키기 위한 목적으로서 양갱의 주원료인 건조 팥소 분말에 대한 볶은 홍화씨 분말 20, 35, 45 및 60mesh별로 첨가한 제품과 홍화씨 45mesh분말의 첨가량을 0, 5, 10, 15 및 20%로 하여 제조한 제품 및 배합수로 녹차추출물을 이용한 제품의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 수분함량은 20mesh 체분리 분말 첨가 제품에서 가장 낮은 27.6% 이었고, 동일한 45mesh 분말의 첨가량에 따른 양갱제품의 수분함량은 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 수분활성도는 60mesh 홍화씨 분말 첨가 제품에서 0.93로 가장 높았고, 45mesh분말의 첨가량에 따른 수분활성도는 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높아지는 경향이었다. 색도는 분말의 mesh 수가 증가할수록 L값과 a값이 다소 낮아지는 경향이었고 반대로 b값은 다소 증가하였다. 동일한 입자크기를 가진 분말의 첨가량 증가에 따른 L, a 및 b값은 전반적인 증가현상을 보였다. 또한, 조직감 특성 중 견고성과 부숴짐성은 홍화씨 분말의 입도가 미세한 첨가구가 상대적으로 증가하였고 동일한 입도를 가진 홍화씨 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 견고성과 부숴짐성은 증가하였고, 접착성과 탄력성은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 관능평가에서도 전반적기호도, 조직감 및 부숴짐성이 홍화씨 분말의 입도가 미세한 첨가구가 상대적으로 증가하는 결과를 보였고, 증류수를 배합수로 제조한 제품과 증류수와 녹차추출물을 1:1로 혼합하여 제조한 제품에서 거의 같은 수준의 높은 관능점수를 얻었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1476-1485
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• 2004

90여종의 전통차 및 죽류용 식물로부터 조제된 다양한 용매추출물 중에서, 귤피(peels of C. unshiu)의 냉수추출물 (CUI-0)이 Peyer’s patch를 매개로 한 가장 높은 장관면역 활성을 나타내었으며 다시마(L. japonica), 둥글레(P. japonicum), 탱자(P. trifoliata)의 냉수추출물과 구기자(L. chinense) 및 치자(G. jasminoides)의 열수추출물을 제외한 나머지 식물의 용매추출물은 거의 활성을 가지지 못하였다. CUI-0는 MeOH-가용성 획분(CUI-1), MeOH-불가용성이면서 EtOH-가용성 획분(CUI-2)과 조다당 획분(CUI-3)으로 분획되었다. 이러한 획분들 중 CUI-3은 Peyer’s patch 세포를 매개로 하는 골수세포 증식의 자극활성이 가장 높았으며 arabinose, galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, glucuronic acid와 rhmanose(molar ratio; 1.00:0.53:0.45:0.28:0.28:0.19) 등을 주요 구성당으로 함유하고 있었으며 소량의 단백질(9.4%)도 구성물질로 포함된 활성 획분임이 밝혀졌다. CUI-3의 장관면역 활성은 pronase 및 periodate 처리에 의해 감소되었으며 특히 periodate 산화는 CUI-3의 활성에 심각한 영향을 끼치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 활성 획분으로서 당 함량이 높은 CUI-3IIb-3-2는 DEAE-Sepharose FF, Sepharose CL-6B 및 Sephacryl S-200에 의해 귤피 냉수추출물의 조다당 획분으로부터 정제되었으며 HPLC에 의해 분자량 약 18,000 Da의 단일 peak임을 확인하였다. CUI-3IIb-3-2는 주로 arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid와 glucuronic acid(molar ratio; 1.00:0.54:0.28:1.45:0.63) 등의 구성당으로 구성되어져 있었으며 소량의 단백질(3.2%)이 함유되어진 물질로 구성되어 있었다. 한편 CUI- 3IIb-3-2는 Peyer’s patch를 경유하였을 때만 골수세포 증식활성을 나타내었으며 활성물질 자체가 직접 골수세포 증식활성에 관여하지는 않는것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 귤피의 장관면역 활성은 측쇄에 arabinose와 galactose 등의 중성당이 결합된 polygalacturonan 구조를 갖는 펙틴계통의 다당류에 기인하고 있음을 보여주었다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2020

시중에서 많이 판매되는 국화차의 대명사인 감국(Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul.)을 산업화하기 위해, 2018년 가을에 자생지에서 감국(Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul.) 종자를 채취하여 냉장 보관 후 종자를 발아시켰다. 어린 묘종은 2, 3, 4월에 노지에 시기별, 간격별에 따른 꽃의 수확량과 잎, 줄기의 성장에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위한 실험을 하였다. 감국(Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul.) 꽃을 채취한 후 잎, 줄기를 채취하여 성분을 분석한 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 국화 묘종을 정식시기별로 심었을 때 꽃은 4월에 정식한 처리구에서 17.1개로 가장 많았다. 꽃의 지름은 2.9cm, 꽃수는 16개, 생체중은 6.5~6.6g, 건체중은 1.1~1.2g이었다. 잎은 3, 4월에 심은 처리구에서 46~47개, 엽장은 5.2~5.3cm, 옆폭은 3.5~3.6cm이었다. 2. 국화 묘종을 정식거리별로 심었을 때 꽃수는 20×20cm 간격으로 심었을 때 16.2개로 가장 작았고, 30~50cm 간격에서는 16.8~17.1개 이었다. 꽃 지름은 2.7~2.8cm, 꽃잎수는 8개, 꽃잎 길이는 0.8cm, 꽃 한 개의 생체중은 6.5~6.6g이었다. 잎수는 30×30cm, 40×40cm에서 47개로 가장 많았고, 엽장은 50×50cm처리구에서는 가장 긴 6.2cm로 나타났지만 그 외 처리구에서는 5.2cm이었다. 3. 국화 잎+줄기의 추출수율은 7.93%였고, 추출 용매색은 50, 60%는 연녹색, 70, 80, 90, 100%는 녹색으로 나타났다. 감국 꽃은 추출수율이 7.58%, 추출 용매색은 50, 60, 70%에서는 연노란색, 80, 90%에서는 노란색, 100%에서는 진노란색이었다. 4. 국화 꽃에 함유된 성분은 gallic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, methyl gallate, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic, caffeic acid, salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, naringin, 4-melthoxyben, flavone 등 11가지 성분을 확인하였다. 함량은 29.200~36.900ppm이었다. 5. 국화 잎+줄기에 함유된 성분은 salicylic acid가 6,129.526ppm으로 나타났고, 다음으로 4-methoxyben 1,966.714ppm이었다. 함유량이 10ppm 이하로 나타난 것은 methyl gallate 8.197ppm, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic 6.994ppm, caffeic acid 5.566 ppm, flavone 4.522ppm, p-coumaric acid 3.787 ppm, gallic acid 1.893ppm이었다.