• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.709-719
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• 2010

As the world has had a high recognition of security since 9/11 attacks in 2001, many countries and international organizations around the world are making strenuous efforts in establishing stronger security, centering on areas with high possibility of terrorist attacks. In particular, harbor facilities where a great deal of trade take place between countries, have high possibilities of becoming the objects of terrorist attacks and also of becoming places of trading objects and illegal items which might be leveraged for terror attacks. In this study, I have explained the current status of the harbor entrance system through existing documents, interviews and field trips to harbors and have also introduced improvement measures using RFID technology from the viewpoint of BP(Business Process). I expect that this study will be used as basic materials because I have studied the number of people entering harbors and working procedures for vehicle entrance, which have not been studied so far and also laid out various factors to be considered to introduce RFID technology.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.30
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• pp.61-83
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• 2012

Al-Qaeda follower who planned to attacks the Pentagon and the Assembly by unmanned aircraft equipped with explosives was caught in the dictionary in September 2011. In addition, high-performance unmanned aerial vehicles in the United States 'sentinel' of the technology being leaked to Iran in late 2011 was an accident. Terrorist attacks on the forces used unmanned aircraft will be the day the not too distant. The purpose of this research is to provide response plans against acts of terrorism utilizing unmanned aircrafts to prevent large losses of lives such as the terrorist attacks of September 11. Discussing in detail, this research suggests revising and newly implementing the definition and categorization of unmanned aircrafts as well as relevant punishment in current aeronautics regulations as an initial response against acts of terrorism utilizing unmanned aircrafts. This is in order to newly implement and revise current relevant regulations that inadequately address the rapidly developing and changing unmanned aircrafts which will lead to increased sense of alarm for the potential terrorists, and also to introduce a systematic tool to punish those who commit such acts by clearly establishing the grounds for punishment. Also, under the binary operating system over airspace currently implemented globally, it is impossible to identify and control the infiltration of airspace by unmanned aircrafts. Recognizing such limitations, this research suggests a combined operation of airspace for unmanned and manned aircrafts as a second way of response for acts of terrorism utilizing unmanned aircrafts. A systematic integrated operation of airspace will appropriately control unmanned/ manned aircrafts that were not previously reported or otherwise have deviated from navigation routes, and will be able to prevent terrorism attempts utilizing aircrafts beforehand.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.259-278
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• 2013

With advances of information technology (IT) and the Internet, it became much easier to search and collect information through many different types of web search engine. Such information only restricted to the intelligence services became available to the public, and the increased open source changed the intelligence collection activities of governments. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) was introduced to organize and analyze the large volumes of information. OSINT is actively used after the 9/11 terrorist attack, and the United States government invest a huge amount of budget to conduct research and develope technology about OSINT. Although many Western countries recognize the importance of OSINT and deal with open source as priority, South Korea has not fully understand the important role of OSINT. Therefore, this study introduces the fundamental principles of OSINT and provides practical examples of OSINT usage. OSINT is an effective source to prevent terrorist attacks as well as a variety of crimes. Extensive discussion and suggestions for future usages are provided.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.42
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• pp.247-274
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• 2009

The supply chain security programs are designed to prevent terrorist attacks on world transit system, and to help protect the passengers and workers who use these systems on a daily basis. as evidenced by the train bombings in London and Madrid in recent years, the threats to America's transit systems are real. After 9 11 terrors in 2001, security problem is appearing to every nations and international organizations main pending issue than any problem and various countermeasure is prepared. Security is the major issue in international trade, with significant potential costs and economic impact. So, We need to ensure that supply chain security does not become a new non-tariffs barrier. The aim of this study is to examine the international maritime and aviation law on the supply chain security. Also I review the supply chain security in U.S. and other countries.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.308-314
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• 2018

Injury is a serious problem that not only causes death but also significantly degrades the quality of life of the people and causes loss of socioeconomic opportunities and costs. Damage occurs as a result of an accident. Among them, natural disasters and artificial disasters take lives of many people in a short time and threaten their physical and mental health. The United States has responded to the disaster by establishing relevant laws and regulations and a response system with the recognition that health is recognised soon to be as national security in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the Katrina disaster. It is necessary to build a knowledge infrastructure to train disaster response experts in public health area and to have health competence to cope with disasters.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2005

Since terrorist attacks on the United States in 9/11, the aviation terror has been rapidly reduced while having an enormous amount of expenses invested in the aviation terror prevention. The aviation terror indicates itself the problem, and by the same token, the aviation terror prevention requires a huge investment. However, the available resources are limited, which raises concern over the effective use of the limited resources. Therefore, in order to contribute to the establishment of effective aviation security measures, this study examines and analyses the aviation terror types and changes, with the forecast of the aviation terror types with high occurrence potentiality, and suggests the countermeasures for the aviation terror prevention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.141-142
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• 2022

세계무역센터를 대상으로 발생한 9.11.테러 이후 세계 테러 동향은 하드타겟에서 경성타겟으로 점차 변화하고 있다. 경성타겟으로 목표 변화는 테러리스트의 접근성, 대상의 상징성, 미디어 집중성을 고루 갖추고 있어, 테러리스트들의 의사 전달이 용이하기 때문이다. 경성타겟으로 변화와 함께 미디어를 활용한 테러 교육으로 자생테러(외로운 늑대)도 증가하고 있다. 2022년 7월 8일, 일본의 다중이용시설인 나라현 야마토사이다이지 역에서 총기테러 사건이 발생하였다. 야마가미 데스야가 자생테러범은 개조한 사제 총기를 일본 전 총리 아베를 향해 발포하여 과다출혈로 사망에 이르게 하였다. 위 사례는 세계 테러 동향의 변화를 반영한 사건으로, 경성타겟을 목표로 한 자생테러 형태를 보여주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 다중이용시설 테러 발생 시 우선적으로 고려해야하는 고위험 테러유형을 도출하고자, 우리나라와 국가 경쟁력이 비슷한 G7국가의 다중이용시설을 대상으로 발생한 테러사례를 통계적으로 분석하여 테러유형별 위험도를 도출하였으며, 다중이용시설을 대상으로 자행되는 고위혐 테러유형의 위협을 차단하기 위한 테러안전관리 대책의 개선사항을 제언하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2003

With the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001, the ships and their crew' safety and security have become a major issue in the maritime industries, In high-risk terrorism, not only ship owners and port authorities but also crew members on board should take precautions in the conduct of their business. In this paper, the vulnerability and essential elements in overall security of merchant ship are analyzed with a discussion in depth of the concept and principles of maritime security of merchant ship are analyzed with a discussion in depth of the concept and principles of maritime security management. And then, ship's security model and security system to reduce security rish and to minimize damage are proposed.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.409-441
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• 2005

During reformation of the world order in the 21st century, the terrorism has been showing up as a new value and rising up as core element of determining human being's quality of lives. The middle east's terrorism is leading the international terrorism and it is originated from the religious ideology which has formed for centuries and struggles for regional influence. This is the conflict aspect coming from the opposition of religious ideologies and cultural dislocations. It concludes as confrontation between the terrorism of Islam fundamentalism and western christianity that America is leading after the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. There is little prospect for an improvement of their relationship. The Terrorism supported by government might be eradicated by America's drastic anti-terrorism policy. However, it will be serious and spread all over the world that the terrorist attacks against America and western countries is acted by militant warriors of Islamic fundamentalism, uniting Arab and Islamic peoples' emotions against America. Terrorism is urgent menace to Korea and it is needed to take measures to cope with it considering their religion and people throughly.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.38
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• pp.89-113
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• 2015

This paper explores the work of mourning of 9/11 in the United States, focusing on the project of building the National September 11 Memorial managed by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation(LMDC) and the War on Terror declared by the George W. Bush administration in the wake of 9/11. This paper first looks at the project of building the Natioanl September 11 Memorial and considers what was at stake in achieving this project. It also examines the limitations of the project. This paper argues that, in spite of the efforts to mourn the victims in significant and meaningful ways, the work of mourning in the memorial project fails at least in two respects. First, the memorial project "began so soon" right after 9/11 that the victims' families were not given enough time to mourn their loved ones. Second, the project were permeated with American nationalism and patriotism, which made the 316 non-American victims of 9/11 invisible and forgotten. Then, it goes on to examine the War on Terror because the War on Terror epitomized the failure of mourning due to these causes. In his address to the nation delivered on the very day of 9/11, President George W. Bush stated that "America was targeted for the attack because we're the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world" and that the terrorists failed to threaten America into chaos. He also stated that America is in "the war against terrorism." These statements were a futile reassertion of the illusion of American invulnerability and a prohibition of mourning in favor of violent military responses to 9/11. American nationalism also underlies Bush's official naming of September 11 as "Patriot Day." The victims were sacrificed because they were at the site when terrorists attacked, which implies that their death had nothing to do with American patriotism. Naming September 11 as Patriot Day was an act of imbuing the absurdity of the victims' death with a false meaning and an act of forgetting the non-American victims. The failure of the work of mourning of 9/11 consisted in the inability to recognize human vulnerability and interdependence and the inability to mourn not only American victims but also non-American victims killed in 9/11 and the War on Terror. A meaningful and significant mourning could be possible when we realizes that all human beings are exposed to one another and their lives are interdependent on one another. September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows well demonstrated this kind of mourning. When most Americans supported violent retaliations, Peaceful Tomorrows made pleas for nonviolent responses to 9/11. Turning their grief into action for peace, its members work "to create a safer and more peaceful world for everyone," not only for Americans. Their effort to mourn in meaningful and nonviolent ways delivers the message that a disaster like 9/11 should not happen anywhere.