• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.897-902
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• 2015

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue), as a tumor suppressor gene, plays a significant role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Results from published studies for association between the PTEN IVS4 I/D (rs3830675) polymorphism and cancer risk are inconsistent and inconclusive. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential association between PTEN IVS4 I/D polymorphism and risk of cancer in detail. We searched PubMed (Medline) and EMBASE web databases to cover all relevant studies published until December 2013. The meta-analysis was carried out and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were used to appraise the strength of association. A total of 1,993 confirmed cancer cases and 3,200 controls were included from six eligible case-control studies. Results from overall pooled analysis suggested a significant effect of the PTEN IVS4 I/D polymorphism and cancer risk in all genetic models, i.e., allele (I vs D: OR=0.743, 95%CI=0.648 to 0.852, p=0.001), homozygous (II vs DD: OR=0.673, 95%CI=0.555 to 0.816, p=0.001), heterozygous (ID vs DD: OR=0.641, 95%CI=0.489 to 0.840, p=0.001), dominant (II+ID vs DD: OR=0.626, 95%CI=0.489 to 0.802, p=0.001) and recessive (II vs DD+ID: OR=0.749, 95%CI=0.631 to 0.889, p=0.001). Significant publication bias was detected during the analysis. The present meta-analysis suggests that the PTEN IVS4 I/D polymorphism is significantly associated with reduced risk of cancer. However, future larger studies with other groups of populations are warranted to clarify this association.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.5
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• pp.399-408
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• 2008

Mobile WiMAX provides wireless broadband services for data communication based on IP protocol. The limitation of physical bandwidth in the radio links may cause performance degradation in providing wireless broadband services in WIMAX. To enhance the efficiency of the radio link utilization, Payload Header Suppression (PHS) is defined as an optional header compression mechanism for mobile WiMAX. It has, however, a very limited compression capability since it has very restrictive compression fields. In this paper, hence, we assumed the application of Robust Header Compression (ROHC), a header compression scheme proposed for links characterized by high bit error ratios, long round-trip times (RTT), and scarce resource, to Mobile WiMAX, and studied its performance. Previous studies on ROHC performance merely focused on the impact of high bit error rate. However, bit error is virtually transparent to ROHC in the wireless systems like WiMAX, since the MAC provides the bit error checking function. In order to evaluate the performance of ROHC in the Mobile WiMAX environments, therefore, we evaluated the performance of ROHC with respect to the packet losses instead of bit error. We investigated the impact of the ROHC parameters that are recommended for the implementation in the ROHC and compared the performance of ROHC with PHS.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.12C
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• pp.1167-1176
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• 2009

In This Paper, we introduce an efficient IFFT design technique named for transmitter of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system. In OFDM system, a cyclic prefix is inserted in forepart of OFDM symbol to prevent ICI(Inter-channel Interference) and ISI (Inter-symbol Interference). Attaching cyclic prefix causes delay in storing and copying IFFT result. The proposed IFFT removes this delay because its output is cyclic shifted by the length of cyclic prefix. So we can make a complete OFDM symbol by just copying the forepart of IFFT output to the end. In many cases, the length of cyclic prefix is 1/2n of FFT size, and this IFFT does not require additional hardware complexity and it does not cause any performance degradation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.2465-2473
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• 2011

This paper describes a circuit-level optimization of DFU(decoding function unit) for LDPC decoder which is used in wireless communication systems including WiMAX and WLAN. A new design of DFU based on sign-magnitude arithmetic instead of two's complement arithmetic is proposed, resulting in 18% reduction of gate count for 96 DFUs array used in mobile WiMAX LDPC decoder. A multi-mode LDPC decoder for mobile WiMAX standard is designed using the proposed DFU. The LDPC decoder synthesized using a 0.18-${\mu}m$ CMOS cell library with 50 MHz clock has 268,870 gates and 71,424 bits RAM, and it is verified by FPGA implementation.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2009

Mobile WiMAX is an emerging technology that can provide ubiquitous Internet access. To provide seamless service in mobile WiMAX environment, delay or disruption in dealing with mobility must be minimized. However offering seamless services on IEEE 802.16e networks is very hard due to long handover latency both in layer 2 and 3. In this paper, we propose a fast cross-layer handover scheme based on prediction algorithm. With the help of the prediction, layer-3 handover activities are able to occur prior to layer-2 handover, and therefore, total handover latency can be reduced. The experiments conducted with system parameters and propagation model defined by WiMAX Forum demonstrate that the proposed method predicts the future signal level accurately and reduces the total handover latency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.4C
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• pp.441-450
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• 2006

WiBro(Portable Internet Service) is service being capable to provide a high data rate wireless internet access with Personal Subscriber Station under the stationary or mobile environment, anytime and any where. It will fill the gap between very high data rate wireless local area networks and very high mobility cellular systems. The security is an important point of WiBro providing high data and mobile wireless services. This paper proposes user authentication mechanism of WiBro wireless networks applied EAP-AKA authentication protocol. As a result of Wireless authentication based on EAP-AKA, this mechanism is capable to be used in WiBro-WLAN-3GPP interworking scenario as well as the WiBro authentication mechanism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10d
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• pp.263-267
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• 2006

OFDM(A) 기반 네트워크는 IEEE 802.16e 시스템 및 WiBro 시스템 등으로 구현되고 있으며, 4G 시스템과 같은 차세대 이동통신 시스템의 기반 기술로서 많이 연구되고 있는 시스템이다. 이와 같은 OFDM(A) 시스템을 기반으로 IP 네트워크를 구축하게 된다면, 단말의 핸드오버를 지원하기 위하여 MAC 및 IP 계층에서의 핸드오버 기법에 대한 정의가 필요하다. IP 네트워크의 가장 큰 특징은 CDMA와 같은 서킷 네트워크가 아니라 패킷 네트워크라는 것이다. 이러한 패킷기반 네트워크에서의 소프트 핸드오버 기법은 CDMA 네트워크에서 제공되고 있는 소프트 핸드오버 기법을 그대로 적용할 수 없다. CDMA 소프트 핸드오버 기법은 물리계층에서의 신호 결합을 수행하게 되는데 패킷 네트워크에서 두 기지국으로부터 전송되는 패킷은 MAC 및 IP 헤더를 가지게 되고, 헤더에 포함되는 정보는 각 기지국에서 서로 다르게 전송하므로 물리계층에서의 신호 결합을 수행할 수가 없다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 제안된 소프트 핸드오버 기법의 단점을 보완하고 IP 기반 네트워크에 적용 가능한 소프트 핸드오버 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 소프트 핸드오버 기법은 패킷 네트워크의 특성을 반영하여 소프트 핸드오버에 참여하는 기지국이 서로 다른 패킷을 전송하도록 디자인하였고, 에러 발생률을 낮추기 위하여 AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding) 기법을 적용하였다. 또한 OFDM(A) 시스템의 multi-carrier 특성을 이용하여 네트워크 자원을 효율적으로 사용함으로써 네트워크의 전체적인 성능 향상이 가능하도록 개발되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.11A
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• pp.1101-1112
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• 2006

With the recent growth in demand for high-data rate multimedia services in the wireless environments, the Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) technologies, such as WiBro (Wireless Broadband internet) system, are gradually coming into the spotlight. Unlike the conventional mobile communication networks based on cellular system, the WiBro system basically consists of IP based backbone networks that will be ultimately deployed by Ipv6 (IP version six) based backbone networks according to the All-IP trend for the network evolution. In such wireless mobile environments, it is needed to support the mobility management protocol on network layer as well as physical layer and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer in WiBro system. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a fast handover scheme for improving the handover performance in IPv6 based WiBro system and show that the proposed scheme achieves loss-free and low handover latency during inter-subnet movement of the mobile stations through the simulation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.4A
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• pp.324-329
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• 2009

In this paper, a novel Snowflake-shaped microstrip patch antenna for application in the WLAN(5.2/5.8GHz) band is designed and fabricated. The size of antenna is $21.2{\times}16mm^2$ and substrate is used Taconic-RF30. To obtain sufficient bandwidth in Return loss <-10dB and dual resonance characteristic, the Short-pin is inserted on the patch and the coaxial probe source is used. The measured results of fabricated antenna show 220MHz and 135MHz bandwidth in Return loss <-10dB referenced to the WLAN(5.2/5.8GHz) band. The measured antenna gain is $4.7{\sim}6.9dBi$ in the WLAN(5.2/5.8GHz) band. The experimental 3-dB beam width in I-plane and H-plane are $73.2^{\circ}/82.75^{\circ}$ for 5.1500Hz, $74.56^{\circ}/83.63^{\circ}$ for 5.3500Hz, and $86.24^{\circ}/85.15^{\circ}$ for 5.7850Hz, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.108-116
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a Ethernet based audio distribution system with a new L1/L2 hybrid switching scheme, and evaluate its performance. The proposed scheme not only offers guaranteed low latency and jitter characteristics that are essentially required for the distribution of high-quality uncompressed audio traffic, and but also provide an efficient transmission of data traffic on the Ethernet environment. The audio distribution system with a proposed scheme consists of a master node and a number of relay nodes, and all nodes are mutually connected as a daisy-chain topology through up and downlinks. The master node generates an audio frame for each cycle of 125us, and the audio frame has 24 time slotted audio channels for carrying stereo 24 channels of 16-bit PCM sampled audio. On receiving the audio frame from its upstream node via the downlink, each intermediate node inserts its audio traffic to the reserved time slot for itself, then relays again to next node through its physical layer(L1) transmission - repeating. After reaching the end node, the audio frame is loopbacked through the uplink. On repeating through the uplink, each node makes a copy of audio slot that node has to receive, then play the audio. When the audio transmission is completed, each node works as a normal L2 switch, thus data frames are switched during the remaining period. For supporting this L1/L2 hybrid switching capability, we insert a glue logic for parsing and multiplexing audio and data frames at MII(Media Independent Interlace) between the physical and data link layers. The proposed scheme can provide a good delay performance and transmission efficiency than legacy Ethernet based audio distribution systems. For verifying the feasibility of the proposed L1/L2 hybrid switching scheme, we use OMNeT++ as a simulation tool with various parameters. From the simulation results, one can find that the proposed scheme can provides outstanding characteristics in terms of both jitter characteristic for audio traffic and transmission efficiency of data traffics.