• BMB Reports
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2007

The enzymatic properties of NADH:quinone oxidoreductase were examined in Triton X-100 extracts of Bacillus cereus membranes by using the artificial electron acceptors ubiquinone-1 and menadione. Membranes were prepared from B. cereus KCTC 3674 grown aerobically on a complex medium and oxidized with NADH exclusively, whereas deamino-NADH was determined to be poorly oxidized. The NADH oxidase activity was lost completely by solubilization of the membranes with Triton X-100. However, by using the artificial electron acceptors ubiquinone-1 and menadione, NADH oxidation could be observed. The activities of NADH:ubiquinone-1 and NADH:menadione oxidoreductase were enhanced approximately 8-fold and 4-fold, respectively, from the Triton X-100 extracted membranes. The maximum activity of FAD-dependent NADH:ubiquinone-1 oxidoreductase was obtained at about pH 6.0 in the presence of 0.1M NaCl, while the maximum activity of FAD-dependent NADH:menadione oxidoreductase was obtained at about pH 8.0 in the presence of 0.1M NaCl. The activities of the NADH:ubiquinone-1 and NADH:menadione oxidoreductase were very resistant to such respiratory chain inhibitors as rotenone, capsaicin, and $AgNO_3$, whereas these activities were sensitive to 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO). Based on these results, we suggest that the aerobic respiratory chain-linked NADH oxidase system of B. cereus KCTC 3674 possesses an HQNO-sensitive NADH:quinone oxidoreductase that lacks an energy coupling site containing FAD as a cofactor.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.925-934
• /
• 2010

Three typical biological solid wastes, namely, animal manure, garbage, and sewage sludge, were compared with regard to the composting process and the changes in microbial community structure. The effects of different bulking agents such as rice straw, vermiculite, sawdust, and waste paper were compared in manure compost. The differences in the microbial community were characterized by the quinone profile method. The highest mass reduction was found in garbage composting (56.8%), compared with manure and sludge (25% and 20.2%, respectively). A quinone content of $305.2\;{\mu}mol/kg$ was observed in the late stage of garbage composting, although the diversity index of the quinone profile was 9.7, lower than that in manure composting. The predominant quinone species was found to be MK-7, which corresponds to Gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content, such as Bacillus. The predominance of MK-7 was especially found in the garbage and sludge composting process, and the increase in quinones with partially saturated long side-chains was shown in the late composting process of manure, which corresponded to the proliferation of Actinobacteria. The effects of different bulking agents on the composting process was much smaller than the effects of different raw materials. High organic matter content in the raw materials resulted in a higher microbial biomass and activity, which was connected to the high mass reduction rate.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 2007

In order to find novel cancer chemopreventive agents, quinone reductase (QR) inductive activity of methanol extract of herbal medicines was examined using murine hepatoma, hepa1c1c7 cells. QR has been used as an anticarcinogenic marker enzyme in cancer chemoprevention study. The methanol extract of Alpinia officinarum (Zingiberace) showed showed significantly strong quinone reductase inductive activity compared to the control group. The methanol extract of Alpinia officinarum was successively fractionated with various solvents according to polarity. Hexane, ethyl acetate, buthanol and water fractions were obtained and theirs activities were assessed. The QR inductive effect was moved to the ethyl acetate fraction and was highly increased. The CD (concentration required to double the specific activity of QR) value of ethyl acetate fraction was 8.6 ${\mu}g/mL$. Alpinia officinarum also showed strong antioxidant activity. These results suggest that Alpinia officinarum can be developed as cancer chemopreventive agent.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 2005

Phase II enzymes are transcriptionally induced by synthetic chemical agents and natural products, and such induction plays critical roles in protection against chemical carcinogens and other toxic xenobiotics. To discover natural products for use as cancer chemopreventive agents, the ability of Citrus aurantium Linn (Jikak) to induce activities of quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in wild-type murine hepatoma cell line (Hepa 1c1c7) and Ah-receptor-defective mutant of the same cell line (Bprcl) was investigated. Hexane and chloroform fractions of C. aurantium Linn (Jikak) at doses not exhibiting cytotoxicity were effective inducers of QR (${\sim}1.8-fold$) and GST (${\sim}1.5-fold$) in Hepa 1c1c7 cells, whereas showed low QR induction potency in Bprcl cells, which indicates they have weak monofunctional action. Results suggest C. aurantium Linn (Jikak) as potentially useful cancer chemopteventive agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.193-197
• /
• 1997

Elevation of the activities of phase 2 enzymes such as quinone reductase(QR) provides protection against several types of neoplasia. In this study, we performed partial purification of QR inducer(s) from roasted and defatted perilla meal by solvent fractionation and thin layer chromatography. Cellular QR induction was most notable in chloroform fraction of roasted perilla extract, compared with other solvent fractions. QR inducer(s) was partially purified by TLC, with 0.8 of $R_f$ value in n-butanol : n-propanol : 2N-ammonium hydroxide(10 : 60 : 30). AHH-inducing activity in TLC fractions isolated from methanol extracts of roasted perilla comigrated with QR-inducing fraction, suggesting that QR and AHH are induced by the same compound. TLC fractions shown strong QR-inducing activity also had a potent antioxidative activity, suggesting that cellular QR enzyme is induced by antioxidant(s) present in roasted perilla.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.8-12
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to determine the inhibitory effects on cell survival and Quinone reductase induced activity of Aster yomena (AY) on human cancer cells which, using methanol, was extracted and fractionated into five different solvent types: hexane (AYMH), ethylether (AYMEE), ethylacetate (AYMEA), butanol (AYMB) and aqueous (AYMA) partition layers. The experiment was conducted to determine cytotoxicity of various Aster yomena partition layers on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cells by MTT assay. Among various partition layers of Aster yomena, A YMEE and A YMEA showed the strong cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines we used. The Quinone reductase (QR) induced activity on HepG2 cells, A YMH at a does of 100 $\mu$g/mL was 2.46 times more effective compared to the control value of 1.0.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2014

Physalis alkekengi var. francheti Hort. is known as an insecticide and traditional remedy for liver related diseases. Therefore, this study investigated the chemopreventive effects of extracts and several solvent fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, n-butanol, water) of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti Hort. First, their cytotoxicity and NQO1 activity were measured using an MTT assay, plus a quinone reductase [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone); NAD(P)H: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.2]-inducing activity assay was performed using cultured murine hepatoma cells (Hepa1c1c7) and its mutant cells(BpRc1). The reduction of electrophilic quinones by NQO1 is an important detoxification pathway and major mechanism of chemoprevention. When compared with the other solvent soluble fractions with different polarities, the dichloromethane fraction of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti Hort. showed a higher NQO1-inducing activity that was also dose-dependent. Moreover, the dichloromethane fraction of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti Hort. induced ARE-luciferase activities in HepG2-C8 cells that were generated by transfecting the ARE-luciferase gene construct, suggesting the Nrf2-ARE-mediated induction of anti-oxidative enzymes. In conclusion, the dichloromethane-soluble fraction of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti Hort. showed a relatively strong induction of detoxifying enzymes, thereby meriting further study to identify the active components and evaluate their potential as cancer preventive agents.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.142-146
• /
• 1988

Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene, the most thoroughly studied PAH, was studied in mouse placental microsomes incubated with $^3$H-labeled B(a)P. B(a)P metabolites were separated using HPLC fitted with a C18- $\mu$ Bondapak column. The single major metabolite by mouse placental microsomes induced by B(a)P was 7, 8-diol B(a)P, while 4, 5-diol B(a)P, 3-OH and quinones constituted minor metabolites. Treatment with 3-methyl-cholanthrene to mice resulted in indudion of hydroxy B(a)P and quinone compounds. Phenobarbital treated mouse placental microsomes also showed elevated level of B(a)P metabolism with 7, 8-diol B(a)P as a major metabolite.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2000

Various lines of evidence suggest that dietary components protect the initiation of carcinogenesis. In this study, the ethanol extracts (AGE) and the methanol and hexane partition layers (AGEM, AGEH) of the Angelica radix were screened for their cytotoxic effects using the MTT assay on HepG2, HeLa, MCF7 and SW626 cells and for their ability to induce quinone reductase (QR) in HepG2 cells. AGEM and AGEH of the Angelica radix showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on HepG2 and HeLa cells. Cell growth was inhibited by 99.8% and 99.8% on HepG2 cells and 99.3% and 99.4% on HeLa cells, at dose of $100\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ of AGEM and AGEH extracts respectively. AGE and AGEH significantly induced QR activities in the HepG2 cells. The QR activities of HepG2 cells grown in the presence of AGE, AGEH, and AGEM at the concentration of $50\;\mu\textrm{g}/mL$ were 313.5, 273.3 and 133.3 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Therefore, based on these studies, Angelica radix may be developed into a potentially useful cancer chemopreventive agent.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.130-133
• /
• 2003

3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(3,4-DHBA) was electropolymerized on glassy carbon electrode to give the GC/p-3,4-DHBA type electrode which was modified with dopamine by the help of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC) acting as a coupling agent. The carboxylic sites on the polymeric surface of p-3,4-DHBA and mine group at the dopamine gave a QCA(Au)/p-3,4-DHBA-dopamine type of modified electrodes. The o-quinone moieties at the electrode surface exhibited high selectivity to titanium ions in solution. The redox process of the electrode is hydroquinone : quinone +$2H^+2e^-$, which had two strong and two weak pairs of peaks at CV. The modified electrode can deposit Ti(IV) ions as much as $4.13\times10^{-5}gcm^{-2}$. The calibration curve of the electrodes, log of the surface coverage-normalized redox response vs log[Ti], exhibited an excellent correlation$(r{\geq}0.997)$ for titanium concentrations ranging from $5.25\times10^{-4}\;to\;5.25\tiems10^{-8}M.$.