• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.83-96
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of assets and liabilities of farm households and to evaluate the financial status of rural middle-aged and old-aged household using financial ratios. For these purposes an empirical survey data was gathered from rural middle-aged and old-aged households in 8 provinces using structured questionnaires. 877 households data were used in final analysis. The statistical methods used for data analysis are frequency percentile mean The statistical methods used for data analysis are frequency percentile mean median standard deviation $\chi$2 and t-test using SPSS/PC WIN program. Among financial ratios 64.7% of total households could meet the guideline of consumption to income ratio 5.9% of total households could meet the appropriate level of short-term and long-term liquidity. In the case of debt burden ration 82% of total households could meet the guideline. And 28.5% of total households could meet the guideline of capital stock ratio .

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.733-741
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• 2012

The successful launch of Arirang satellites allow the acquisition of high resolution satellite imagery of Korean territory and enables the transition from the conventional cultivation area survey method to new image based methods adopted in advanced nations. In this study, we suggested reasonable sizes of the primary sampling unit and the secondary sampling unit for the satellite imagery based sampling design in 8 provinces preselected for this research. The PSU size was determined mainly in consideration of intracorrelation that shows the degree of homogeneity within each cluster and the efficiency of the image process. For the SSU size, we considered the relative standard error and the differences between the land cover maps produced by the Ministry of Environment and the satellite imagery processed by the National Statistical Office.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.665-673
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• 2010

The role of remote sensing in phenological studies is increasingly regarded as a key in understanding large area seasonal phenomena. This paper describes the application of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series data for vegetation classification using seasonal variation patterns. The vegetation seasonal variation phase of Seoul and provinces in Korea was inferred using 8 day composite MODIS NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) dataset of 2006. The seasonal vegetation classification approach is performed with reclassification of 4 categories as urban, crop land, broad-leaf and needle-leaf forest area. The BISE (Best Index Slope Extraction) filtering algorithm was applied for a smoothing processing of MODIS NDVI time series data and fuzzy classification method was used for vegetation classification. The overall accuracy of classification was 77.5% and the kappa coefficient was 0.61%, thus suggesting overall high classification accuracy.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.467-477
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• 2017

Objectives: Oxidative stress and DNA damage have been proposed as mechanisms linking pesticide exposure to health effects such as cancer and neurological diseases. We investigated whether protective measures could significantly reduce the levels of biomarkers for oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers. Methods: In the present study, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), biomarkers related to oxidative stress and DNA damage, respectively, were analyzed in urine samples collected from agricultural workers in two provinces of Korea (n=60). The influence of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and performing protective behaviors on the levels of these two biomarkers was also evaluated. Results: The median urinary levels of MDA and 8-OHdG were 10.45 nmol/mg creatinine and 14.42 ng/mg creatinine in subjects living in region A, while they were 6.25 nmol/mg creatinine and 24.77 ng/mg creatinine in subjects living in region B, respectively. The levels of MDA and 8-OHdG were higher in male farmers. Farmers wearing greater numbers of PPE and performing more protective behaviors had significantly lower levels of MDA. Greater numbers of protective behaviors was significantly associated with lower levels of 8-OHdG. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that pesticide exposure could induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers, and that protective measures are important for mitigating pesticide exposure.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.20-37
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• 2012

신라는 문무왕 18년(678) 당나라군이 철수함에 따라 명실공히 한반도를 통일한 뒤, 그 판도를 중국 지방행정구획 제도를 모방하여 아홉 개의 주로 구분하고, 거기에 소경 군 현을 배치한 지방행정 조직을 정비하였다. 이른바 9주5소경(九州五小京)이라 불리는 지방행정제도이다. 주는 현재의 대한민국(이하 한국)의 도(道)에 해당하며, 소경은 광역시에 해당하는 것이다. 그 수는 "삼국사기" 신라본기 경덕왕 16년(757) 겨울 12월조에 의하면 5소경, 117군, 293현에 이른다 통일신라시대의 지방도시인 9주5소경(九州五小京)의 연구는 문헌사학 중심으로 이루어져, 주성(州城)과 소경성(小京城)의 위치와 그 도시구조에 대해서는 지금껏 크게 논의되었던 적이 없어 명확치 않은 점이 많다. 고고학적 도시구조의 복원연구는 박태우의 논고("통일신라시대의 지방도시에 대한 연구" 1987년)와 필자의 논고("新の九州五小京城郭の構造と實態について-統一新による計畵都市の復元硏究-"2009년) 정도이다. 강원도 강릉시는 원래 예(濊)의 고국(古國)으로 고구려의 하서량(河西良)이었다. "삼국사기(三國史記)"에 따르면 선덕왕 8년(639)에 북소경 하서양주(北小京; 河西良州))으로 되었는데, 무열왕 5년(658)에 하서주(河西州)로 소경에서 주로 바뀌었다. 이후 경덕왕 16년(757)에는 명주로 개칭되었고 그 뒤, 고려시대 이후로도 명칭은 여러 가지로 변하였다. 박태우는 나성 흔적이 남은 도시로 분류하여 명주동에 있었던 성지로 비정하고 있는데, 현재는 시가지화로 인하여 확인할 수가 없다고 한다. 또한 관동대학교에서는 강릉시 중심부로부터 서남서 약 3km에 위치하는 명주산성을 주치(州治)로 보는 설을 제시하고 있다. 필자는 일제시대의 측량도에서 볼 수 있는 유존(遺存) 토지구획로 보아 경주시의 신라금경이나 다른 많은 도시와 같이 방격의 가구, 즉 방리(坊里)를 갖춘 도시로 복원하였다. 다음은 그 구조에 대해 서술하였다. 강릉의 시가지는 시내를 남서에서 북동으로 흐르는 남대천의 왼쪽 기슭 평탄지에 위치하고 있다. 부근에 그다지 높은 산은 없으나 시가지의 북측에는 산이 동서로 이어져 있으며, 남대천으로부터의 평지부분 너비는 최대가 1km 정도로 그다지 넓지는 않다. 현재는 강릉시의 중심부로 시가지화가 진행되어 강릉역을 중심으로 한 방사상의 구획정리 등도 이루어져 옛 토지구획이 거의 소멸된 상태이다. 그러나 일제시대의 지형도 등을 보면 시가지 중심부인 옥천동, 임당동, 금학동, 명주동 등의 일대에 한 변 약 190m를 기본으로 하는 방격의 토지구획이 북서-남동에 약 0. 8km, 북동-남서에 약 1. 7km의 범위로 잔존하고 있는 것이 확인 가능하다. 방격의 유존 토지구획은 다른 9주5소경(九州五小京)의 사례를 통해 보면 통일신라에 의한 것일 가능성이 높은 것으로 생각된다. 단, 방격 한 변의 길이가 190m로 신라의 금경이나 다른 도시유적에서 볼 수 있는 한 변 160m나 140m의 규격과는 다르다는 점이 앞으로의 검토과제이다. 토지구획의 방위는 지형에 준하여 북서-남동 축에서 북쪽으로부터 약 $37.5^{\circ}$ 서쪽으로 기울어져 있다. 이는 남대천의 방위와 북측의 산지에 제약을 받았기 때문이라고 보여 진다. 방격의 유존 토지구획이 잔존하는 범위로부터, 최소로 보더라도 북서-남동 4방${\times}$북동-남서 7방 크기라는 장방형으로 복원하였다. 단, 방격의 유존 토지구획이 퍼지는 정도로 보아, 남서측과 북서측에 각각 1방 씩 늘어난 북서-남동 5방${\times}$북동-남서 8방(북서-남동 약 $950m{\times}$북동-남서 약 1520m)이었을 가능성도 있다. 전체의 형상은 장방형으로, 당의 장안성(長安城)이나 일본의 평성경(平城城)과 같은 중축대로(주작대로)가 상정 가능한 토지구획은 확인되지 않는다. 명주의 도시유적에 대한 고고학적 조사는 이제껏 이루어지지 않았으나, 도시유적 추정지 내부에 위치하는 조선시대의 강릉읍성이나 관아지의 발굴조사에서 출토된 기와류, 토기류 중에는 통일신라시대로 거슬러 올라갈만한 것이 있다고 필자는 생각한다. 또한, 관아지에서 검출된 조선시대의 건물지는 모두 정방위가 아닌 크게 기울어진 방위를 나타내고 있다. 이것은 강릉에서 볼 수 있는 방격 유존 토지구획이 예전부터 존재하고 있었던 사실을 보여주는 방증이라고 볼 수 있다. 또한 "명주성"의 명문 막새기와가 출토된 명주산성의 역할로, 이것이 주치였던 것을 필자는 부정하지 않는다. 한국의 고대도성은 평지성과 산성의 세트로 구성되어 있으며, 통일신라가 되어도 방리제 도성인 금경 주위로 명활산성, 남산산성, 서형산성의 산성군이 계속되어 유지되고 있었다. 구주오소경 이외의 다른 도시에서도 도시유적 부근에 산성이 분포되어 있는 것으로 보아, 명주도 평지의 도시와 산성이 세트가 되어 주치로서의 기능을 하고 있었던 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.457-466
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of research in Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine (JKSPM). METHODS: A total of 897 articles of JKSPM from Vol.1, No.1, 2006 to Vol.7, No.4, 2012 were reviewed in regard to research type, research level, subjects, research topic, statistic method, and researcher. RESULTS: The most common research type was experimental study(65%). The most common research level was level 2(randomized controlled trials; RCT)(55%). The most common age group of subject was age 11-30 group(55%). The most common diagnosis of subjects was stroke(49%). The main research topic of articles was therapeutic exercise(13.2%). Independent t-test was the most used statistic method. A professor was the most common researcher. The Daegu and Busan were the most common provinces that researcher works. CONCLUSION: This study showed the trend of research in JKSPM and helped readers to understand the trends of research in fields of physical therapy of Korea. In further studies, it is necessary to review systematically and intensively other journals in field of physical therapy.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2014

This study was conducted in order to utilize the basic data for weed control by surveying the occurrence of weed species. Total 63 sites of upland Chinese cabbage fields in Chungnam Provinces were investigated. The result of survey, 71 weed species in 25 families were identified and classified to 39 annuals, 16 biennials and 16 perennials. Based on the occurrence ratio, the most weed species belonged to Compositae (20 species). 8, 6 and 5 weed species belonged to Poaceae, Cruciferae and Polygonaceae, respectively, and these 10 weed species in the most six families accounted for 50% of total weed occurrence. The most dominant weed species in upland Chinese cabbage fields were Portulaca oleracea (8.07%), followed by Digitaria ciliaris (7.54%), Rorippa palustris (6.44%), Chenopodium album (5.73%), Echinochloa crus-galli (5.02%) and Cyperus amuricus (3.95).

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2016

The increase rate of total population slows down and the ratio of the elderly population & single-household in our country is growing rapidly. Korean's housing penetration has already exceeded 100%. So people focus on the qualitative aspects of housing, namely housing welfare than the quantitative supply of housing The purpose of the study proposes the desirable direction for housing welfare policy based on the housing welfare regulations. The data for the analysis was collected through the regulations of 8 cities and 9 provinces. So housing welfare contents like housing welfare business, housing welfare center, etc. were extracted from 4 Housing Welfare Support Regulations, 5 Housing Basic Regulations and 8 Housing Regulations. The results were as follows: To stabilize housing and improve housing, the contents of housing welfare contained in related ordinance are still insufficient. Continue to be effective and housing welfare work, it shall be presented in detail in the regulations with respect to the financing plan. To those who need the housing welfare will have to be built an effective delivery system that can be delivered in a timely manner. For housing welfare for the elderly, housing welfare business information is detailed and broken down, it should be codified.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2003

This study examined the degree of school life adjustment in rural adolescents as well as related variables. For this purpose, the data of 192 persons from 40 villages in 8 provinces were analyzed using a SAS 8.1 program. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1) The overall degree of school life adjustment was quantified as about 67 points out of a 100 possible points. 2) The variables that affected the level of adjustment were self-esteem, healthiness of family, age. 3) The explanatory power of such variables as sex, religion, personality, school grades, father satisfaction, and mother satisfaction partially affected significantly in four sub-areas (teather relation, friend relation, attitude of classwork and rule of school areas) of adjustment. The groundwork of this study could be used as basic materials to develop an educational program to improve the adjustment of school life for rural adolescent.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2017

Purpose - Performance appraisal has a significant influence on the development of low-carbon tourism distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - Data of this study are collected from 27 provinces (cities) of China. SBM-Malmquist model is used to measure the TFP and its dynamic changes of low-carbon tourism distribution; TOBIT model is used to discuss the factors of TFP of low-carbon tourism distribution. Results - The results show that, there are obvious differences among regional TFP of low-carbon tourism distribution, the average change tends to grow positively in general, and the western region grows fastest on average due to the improvement of technical efficiency and technical progress, while there are technical efficiency improvement but technical regresses in eastern and central regions. The economic scale, economic strength, structure of energy consumption, location quotient and government regulation have a significant positive effect on the TFP of low-carbon tourism; energy intensity, industrial structure and opening degree have a negative effect; investments in fixed assets, intensity of R&D fund and urbanization rate have no significant influence on the TFP of low-carbon tourism. Conclusions - Improving the productivity of low-carbon tourism and reducing regional differences are effective ways to develop low-carbon tourism and enhance tourism competitiveness.