• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-126
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• 2008

Background : There was seldom study about method that diagnose 8 Constitution beside method of pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine. Objectives : This study is to make out 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System Development used CBR(Case based Reasoning). Methods : First, at case base construction process we constructed case base for CBR embodiment because gathering 925 cases all to patient who constitution is verified, and second, at study model establishment process superior expert system development by purpose CBR of reasoning process dividing fundamental type CBR that spend basis data value and expert type CBR that reflect weight in basis data value accordin I II III to advice expert opinion, and third, system embodiment process explained about way to give process and weight that diagnose constitution through Nearest Neighbor Method sampling process of CBR techniques, and fourth, at system estimation process we selected superior CBR model because comparing and estimate the diagnosis rate of expert system with fundamental type system (GECBR) model and expert type I II III CBR system (AVCBR, AACBR, AGCBR) model that reflect expert opinion in fundamental type system. GECBR and AGCBR chose on superior study model. Through such 4 study process, we developed 8 constitution diagnosis expert system lastly. Results : 1. When we select GECBR that is fundamental type by reasoning system, diagnosis rate 78.91% of 8 constitution diagnosis expert system is expected, and the constitution diagnosis rate Hepatonia 90.4%, Cholecystonia 63.0%, Pancreotonia 91.1%, Gastrotonia 0%, Pulmotonia 71.2%, Colonotonia 74.4%, Renotonia 37.5%, Vesicotonia 67.1% expect. 2. When we select AGCBR that is expert type III by reasoning system, diagnosis rate 77.51% of 8 constitution diagnosis expert system is expected, and the constitution diagnosis rate Hepatonia 93.4%, Cholecystonia 58.5%, Pancreotonia 91.1%, Gastrotonia 0%, Pulmotonia 73.1%, Colonotonia 64.4%, Renotonia 41.7%, Vesicotonia 72.2% expect. Conclusion : Based on this study, 8 constitution diagnosis expert system may give help to diagnose 8 constitution, and it is going to utilize as objective estimation tool of 8 constitution diagnosis, and further study for 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System Development used CBR(Case based Reasoning) is needed to supplement this study.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.142-184
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• 2008

Background: There was seldom study about method that diagnose 8 Constitution beside method of pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine. Objectives: This study is to make out 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System Development used CBR(Case based Reasoning). Methods: First, at case base construction process we constructed case base for CBR embodiment because gathering 925 cases all to patient who constitution is verified, and second, at study model establishment process superior expert system development by purpose CBR of reasoning process dividing fundamental type CBR that spend basis data value and expert type I II III CBR that reflect weight in basis data value according to advice expert opinion, and third, system embodiment process explained about way to give process and weight that diagnose constitution through Nearest Neighbor Method sampling process of CBR techniques, and fourth, at system estimation process we selected superior CBR model because comparing and estimate the diagnosis rate of expert system with fundamental type system (GECBR) model and expert type I II III CBR system (AVCBR, AACBR, AGCBR) model that reflect expert opinion in fundamental type system. GECBR and AGCBR chose on superior study model. Through such 4 study process, we developed 8 constitution diagnosis expert system lastly. Results: 1. When we select GECBR that is fundamental type by reasoning system, diagnosis rate 78.91% of 8 constitution diagnosis expert system is expected, and the constitution diagnosis rate Hepatonia 90.4%, Cholecystonia 63.0%, Pancreotonia 91.1%, Gastrotonia 0%, Pulmotonia 71.2%, Colonotonia 74.4%, Renotonia 37.5%, Vesicotonia 67.1% expect. 2. When we select AGCBR that is expert type III by reasoning system, diagnosis rate 77.51% of 8 constitution diagnosis expert system is expected, and the constitution diagnosis rate Hepatonia 93.4%, Cholecystonia 58.5%, Pancreotonia 91.1%, Gastrotonia 0%, Pulmotonia 73.1%, Colonotonia 64.4%, Renotonia 41.7%, Vesicotonia 72.2% expect. Conclusion: Based on this study, 8 constitution diagnosis expert system may give help to diagnose 8 constitution, and it is going to utilize as objective estimation tool of 8 constitution diagnosis, and further study for 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System Development used CBR(Case based Reasoning) is needed to supplement this study.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-47
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• 2007

Background and Purpose: There was seldom study about method that diagnose 8 Constitution beside method of pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine. Objectives: This study is to make out check list for 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System Development used CBR(Case based Reasoning). Methods: Review of literatures about special quality element of 8 Constitution and supplement learning advice of 8 Constitution Medicine Experts constructed knowledge base. And then, knowledge base divided through AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process), and made out check list with this. Results: Knowledge base based on special quality element of 8 Constitution was divided by 5 greate classification and 25 bisection kind, and check list consisted of 251 item was made out through this. Conclusion: Based on this research, cases necessary to make 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System can be gathered through check list, and further study for 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System Development used CBR(Case based Reasoning) is needed to supplement this research.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.251-260
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• 2009

Objective : This study is to investigate the effect of 8 Constitution Acupuncture on allergic rhinitis patients Methods : We treated 3 allergic rhinitis patients diagnosed as Colonotonia with 8 Constitution Acupuncture by dry needle. The degree of improvement was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) Results & Conclusions : After taking 8 Constitution Acupuncture sessions, the symptoms of allergic rhinitis was improved. After 8 Constitution Diet, the effect of therapy was lingered. This study shows that the allergic rhinitis can possibly be treated not only with herb medicine, but also with acupuncture and diet.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.729-735
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• 2005

This study was to analyze the difference between blood type and blood constitution according to Sasang constitution. The subjects were 302 men who visited blood donation house. Data collection was performed by using questionnaire that included three types of Sasang constitution. The data were analyzed as frequency, percentage, ${\chi}$2-test and ANOVA using SPSS 10.0 WIN Program. There was significant difference statistically in frequency of blood type as per Sasang constitution(${\chi}$2 =53.254, p=.000). Soyangin got most number in B type(34.7%), O type(26.7%), A type(21.8%), AB type(16.8%) in order. Taewumin got most number in O type (45.8%), A type(31.3%), B type(22.1%) and AB type(0.8%) in order, and in case of Sowumin, most in A type(54.3%), B type(24.3%), O type (11.4%) and AB type(10.0%) in order. In weight, height, fatness, hemoglobin, Hematocrit, platelet, ALT, AST and cholesterol, it appears that there is significant difference according to Sasang constitution. If proper regimen according to Sasang constitution by grasping the special features as per Sasang constitution through analyzing the difference as per Sasang constitution based on the results of above study is applied.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.80-97
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• 2005

Backgrounds : In recent years there has teen renewed interest in the importance of 8-constitution medicine as evidenced by growth of research in this field. Although diagnosis by 8-constitution depends on pulse types, it still is subjective and thus could be insignificant. Therefore, diagnosis based on objective characteristics is essential. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find objective characteristics of the 4-constitution groups {木(Mok; hepatonia, cholecystonia), {土(To; pancreotonia, gastrotonia), {金(Gum; pulmotonia, colonotonia), {水(Soo; renotonia, vesicotonia)} in 8-constitution for further diagnosis and therapy. Also, some significant clinical tendencies of 4-constitution groups were studied. Methods : From Nov. 2001 to Apr. 2004, data were collected through a questionnaire given to 720 patients who were classified into one of 8 constitutions according to their pulse types and their responses to constitution-based acupuncture therapy. The questionnaire was composed of 80 items which were about personality, physical shape, habit, physiological and pathological symptoms, response to drugs, favorites and responses to various foods. The data were statistically analyzed by cross-tabulation and one-way analysis of variance, and SPSS V10.0.7PC was used. Results : The results are summarized as follows: 1) Among participants, proportions of hepatotonia, pancreotonia, and cholecystotonia were higher than those of vesicotonia, pulmotonia, colonotonia, renotonia, grstrotonia. 2) 52 items of 80 variances showed significant differences by gender, 3) 13 items were highly correlated with 4-constitution groups in males, and 26 items in fremales. 4) 22 items showed significant group differences among 4-constitution groups in males, and 41 items in females. Also, for each item 4-constitution groups were sorted according to their means, so that the constitutional tendencies were objectively figured out by personality, shape, habit, physiological and pathological symptoms, response to drugs, favorites and responses to foods. Conclusions : Most clinical characteristics of 4-constitution groups found in this study coincided with those from the previous ones in this fold. Thus, classifying patients into one of the 4-constitution groups based on significant objective characteristics is of great benefit to diagnosis and therapy. further study should be followed to improve proper therapy for each constitution.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.78-97
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• 2006

Background: There was seldom study about method that estimate expertness of pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine in spite of the diagnostician importance in 8 Constitution Medicine Objectives: This study is to evaluate diagnostician's consistency and accuracy about pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine using Cage R&R study. Methods: The subjects were comprised of 28 volunteers. Among theme, 3 diagnosticians and 10 participants were chosen through questionnaire. Diagnosticians diagnosed participant's Constitution by pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine with hiding their eyes by eyepatch. MINITAB statistical software(ver. 13.20) was used for statistical analysis: Attribute Cage R&R study was used to verify the results. Results: 1. In the measurements of consistency, diagnostician b(agreement=80%, Value of k=0.8276)was very good, diagnostician a(agreement=70%, Value of k=0.7465) was good, and diagnostician c(agreement=50%, Value of k=0.5365) was moderate. 2. In the measurements of accuracy, diagnostician b(agreement =70%, Value of t=0.6812) was good, diagnostician a(agreement=60%. Value of t=0.6414) was good, and diagno-stician c(agreement=0%, Value of k=-0.1000) was poor. 3. In cofidence of diagnosis, diagnostician c was 75%, diagnostician a was 70%, and diagnostician b was 64%. Conclusion: The results suggest that diagnostician's consistency and accuracy about pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine can be evaluated by Cage R&R study. further study is needed for estimation method of pulse diagnosis in 8 Constitution Medicine.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

This study proposed a Sasang constitution classification system that can increase the objectivity and reliability of Sasang constitution diagnosis using the image of frontal face, in order to solve problems in the subjective classification of Sasang constitution based on Sasang constitution specialists' experiences. For classification, characteristics indicating the shapes of the eyes, nose, mouth and chin were defined, and such characteristics were extracted using the morphological statistic analysis of face images. Then, Sasang constitution was classified through a SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier using the extracted characteristics as its input, and according to the results of experiment, the proposed system showed a correct recognition rate of 93.33%. Different from existing systems that designate characteristic points directly, this system showed a high correct recognition rate and therefore it is expected to be useful as a more objective Sasang constitution classification system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.48-55
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• 2001

Objective : The main cause of back pain & sciatica is HNP of L-spine. Recently, 8 Constitution Acupuncture is largely used for it, but the effects isn't announced. So we studied. The perceived pain diminishment is compared with Body acupuncture and 8 Constitution acupuncture. Methods : VAS(Visual analogue scale) was used for this research, with the pain indicator of 10 and 0 which represents a patient admission to a hospital and a status of no pain respectively. Two groups, consisting of Body acupuncture group with 17 persons and 8 Constitution acupuncture group with 12 persons, was randomly allocated for this research. SPSS(Statistical Program for Social Science) for window is used for a statistical analysis, and the independent T-test is performed to gauge the improvement of VAS, in which case, value of P below 0.05 is considered as useful. Results : The result of the VAS of comparison analysis between two groups after 10 days, shows that the improvement of subjective symptoms in Body acupuncture group is more effective than that in 8 Constitution acupuncture group. (independent T-test, P=0.009)

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.65-73
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• 2004

Objective: This study was designed to compared the effect of general acupuncture on degenerative arthritis of knee joint with 8 constitution acupuncture by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). Methods: VAS was used for this research, with the pain indicator of 10 and 0 which represents a pain of first visit and a status of no pain respectively. Two groups, consisting of 40 patients, was randomly allocated for this research. SPSS(Statistic Program for Social Science) 10.0 for window was used for a statistical analysis. Independent T-test and Mann Whitney U test was performed to evaluate the improvement of each group by the treatment number and to compare that of two groups. Results: As a result of the comparison analysis between two groups after 20th treatment, the improvement of subjective symptoms in 8 constitution acupuncture group was shown more effective than that in general acupuncture group, while, After 10th treatment, there was no significant difference between two groups in VAS. Conclusion: It is suggested that the effect of 8 constitution acupuncture should be significantly different from that of general acupuncture on degenerative arthritis of knee joint. Further study is needed to confirm the effectiveness of 8 constitution acupuncture.