• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.215-230
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate the clinical use of the menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL) for scoring menopausal symptoms by comparison with the conventional Kupperman's index. Methods : A population sample of 66 women was randomly selected from the female patients(aged 45-55) who had visited two oriental medical clinic in Seoul or Woo-Shin-Hwang oriental hospital from 1st April to 15th May in 2006. They completed both the MENQOL and the Kupperman's index and were asked a few additional questions. Results : 1. A degree of the Climacteric symptoms were not significantly related to either an education level or an income level. 2. A comparison of the MENQOL with the Kupperman's index produced a high positive correlation. 3. 41 of subjects (62.1%) answered that the MENQOL was more efficient for explaining their symptoms than the Kupperman's index. 49 (74.2%) of subject thought that both questionnaires are equally not difficult to fill out and 44(66.7%) of subject found no difficult questions to answer in any of questionnaires. Conclusion : The MENQOL is a valuable modern tool for the assessment of climacteric symptoms in place of the Kupperman's index. The MENQOL was excellent in applicability. The MENQOL could serve as an adequate diagnostic instrument for climacteric symptoms.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2020

본 연구는 챗봇기술을 성공적으로 활용한 사례를 기반으로 각 기업들이 어떤 비즈니스적 가치를 창출하고 가지고 있는지 살펴보았다. 챗봇 서비스는 기업 내부 직원 또는 고객들의 질문에 빠르게 답변하거나 대응하게 도와줌으로써 기업의 업무 생산성 향상 향상에 기여하고 있으며, 교육분야에서는 수강생들의 질문 및 피드백을 인공지능 기술이 대신 함으로써 강사진의 업무를 줄여주는데 도움을 준다. 상거래 분야의 오프라인 매장에서는 제품 구매와 매장에서의 개인화 서비스 제공과 인공지능 스피커를 통한 구매 서비스를 제공함으로써 고객에게 편리하고 새로운 구매 경험을 제공하고 있다. 챗봇 서비스가 일부 기업사례에서 비즈니스 가치를 창출하고 있으나 여전히 특정 기업의 프로세스에 국한되고 있으며, 사용자가 기대했던 것보다 서비스 범위와 편리성 및 유용성이 크지 않아 확산속도가 늦어지고 있어 일부 챗봇 개발 서비스 업체는 사용성을 향상시키기 위해 통합 개발 플랫폼을 제공하고 있다, 챗봇은 인간 수준으로 질문에 대한 답변을 대신하여 편의성을 제공한다는 특징과 장점이 있다. 하지만, 다양한 인간의 주관적 견해를 축소시키고 객관화된 답변을 주로 주게되어 커뮤니케이션의 수준이 떨어질 수 있다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 챗봇 서비스들의 특징과 장점, 단점 등을 비교하며 논의를 해보도록 한다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 1997

Purposes of the study were to : (a) measure the levels of job satisfaction, (b) investigate the degree of job characteristics, (c) determine the levels of organizational commitment, (d) investigate relationships between demographic variables and job satisfaction, and (e) examine the relationship between organizational commitment, job characteristics and job satisfaction. Questionnaire was developed and mailed to 300 dietitians who are currently working in school, hospital and industry foodservices. A total of 177 questionnaires were usuable : resulting in a 59% response rate. Results of this study were summarized follows : 1. Approximately half of the respondents(46.9%) indicated that the were 26 to 30 years old. A total of 112 respondents(63.3%) were unmarried. A bachelor's degree was reported as the most common education level(46.9%) while 6.2% of the participants reported a master's degree. Years of employment in professional practices were ranged from 2 to 5. Approximately 40% of the respondents had earned over \900,000 per month. 2. Work itself of the JDI was with the highest job satisfaction mean score followed by supervision, co-workers, wage and promotion. 3. In total job satisfaction score, dietitians in school foodservices were a significant lower than dietitians in industry foodservices and hospital foodservices. 4. A significant relationship was found for demographic factors and four job facets in terms of job itself, co-workers, and promotion. 5. A work itself was the most improtant facet th the dietitian followed by wage and promotion. 6. Task identity of the JCI facets was the most prevalent job characteristics followed by variety, dealing with others, feedback and friendship. 7. Three groups of dietitians had no significant difference in total job characteristics score. 8. A group of dietitians with a higher job satisfaction score had a significant higher score in job variety and job autonomy. 9. Organizational commitment mean score with dietitians was 1.88. 10. Job satisfaction score for five facets and total job satisfaction were significantly correlated with organizational commitment score.11. Job charateristics with job variety, job autonomy, feedback, task identity, friendship were positively correlated with organizational commitment.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to confirm the efficient umbilical cord care of healthy newborns in nursery. In order to determine the efficient care, the time of umbilical cord separation and the skin condition of periumbilical area were evaluated. The data were collected in sample of 529 normal, healthy newborns of C hospital in Seoul, from September 1st, 1999 to January 16th, 2000. The babies were randomly selected and allocated into four groups-alcohol swab/tub bath, alcohol swab/partial bath, natural dry/tub bath, natural dry/partial bath- by the methods of care. The mothers of babies were also surveyed by questionnaire about general characteristics. The data were analyzed by SAS program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The average gestation period of newborns was 39+3 weeks. The average birth weight was 3.27Kg. In gender of babies, boys were 51.7% and girls were 48.3%. The 65% of newborns were born normal vaginal delivery, 35% were C-section. The feeding methods were 55.3% of the babies fed by mixed type, 22.9% by breast, and 21.8% by bottle. There was no significance among four groups by general characteristics. 2. The average time of umbilical cord separation was 8.27 days(SD=2.3). The time was no difference significantly among four groups(F=1.68, P=0.17). 3. The prevalence of the umbilical care complication did not show differences among four groups( 2=3.93, P=0.27). In conclusion, Nurses have preferred the traditional alcohol swab/partial bath method in care of newborns. But there was no difference among the ways to take care of umbilicus according to this study. The way to naturally is more efficient due to reduce the time and expense in umbilical care for normal babies of nursery. This also matched the change in approach to healthy population from intervention to nonintervention way. This could be suggested in education for normal and healthy babies care at home and nursery as a useful way. Endly, the further study about bacterial colony nda infection rate at umbilicus by ways of care is needed.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2000

Middle age for women is one of the most important stages of the whole normal life span and has unique problems concerning the psychological and physical health, specifically degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore middle age women should prepare in order to lead a healthy and fruitful life as they enter/begin old age. As the population of middle age women increase, the demands of nurses who care for this age group also continue to glow. Nurses must be interested in this middle age group of women in Korea. This study was designed to identify the extent of family support and self-esteem of the middle age women with degenerative musculoskeletal diseases and the relationship between them and nurse's contribution to middle age women's health promotion that maintain and promote qualify of her life. The population of this study was 112 women aged 40-60, attending the out patient clinic one University Hospital and one Hospital, in Pusan. The data was collected from 1st August to the 30th of September, 1998 by using 36 items questionnaire. The instrument used for measuring family support was of Chai's(1983) FSS which was modified by Kang's(1984) Family Support Scale. And that for self-esteem was Rosenberg's(1965) Self-esteem Scale. The reliability of Chai's FSS and Rosenberg's instruments were tested by Cronbach's alpha and showed that they were 0.93 and 0.89 each respectively. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient using the SPSS computer program. The results of the study were summarized as follows : 1. The mean score of the perceived family support was $39.31{\pm}9.42$. 2. The mean score of the perceived self-esteem was $33.16{\pm}6.75$. 3. Statistically significant factors influencing the family support among sociodemographic variables was satisfaction of marriage(F=-3.069, p<0.003). 4. Statistically significant factors influencing the self-esteem among sociodemographic variables were age(F=3.992, p=0.000), education(F=2.260, P=0.026), housing (F=-1.987, P=0.049) and satisfaction of marriage(F=-2.305, P=0.023). 5. There was a significant correlation between family support and self-esteem (r=.621, p<.000). In conclusion, perceived the family support was important for middle age women to increase their self-esteem. Nurses should be aware of the necessity of family support in the supportive nursing of middle age women and should be able to make a plan to educate the family about supporting the wife/mother. The continuing study of the health promotion of middle age women to find out variables influencing middle age women' health must continue.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.493-513
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• 2015

학교교육개선을 위한 방안으로서 융복합교육에 대한 사회적 관심이 증가하는 가운데 본 연구에서는 2009 개정 수학과 교육과정에 따른 중학교 1학년 수학교과서 13종에 수록된 실세계 기반의 과제 880개를 대상으로 융복합 맥락 차원 및 융복합 방식 차원과 관련하여 과제 구성상의 특징을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 융복합교육의 맥락 차원에서는 개인적 맥락이 가장 많이 나타났고, 융복합 방식 차원에서는 타 교과의 제재가 수학 문제해결과 직접적인 관련이 없거나 단순하게 설명문 형식으로 제시되어 있는 순차모형의 과제가 가장 높은 비율로 나타났다. 이와 같은 분석결과는 수학교과를 통해 학습자의 융복합적인 역량을 함양하고 문 이과 통합을 통해 융합적 사고를 증진시키려는 목표를 달성하기에는 현행 교과서의 구성이 매우 제한적임을 보여주는 결과로써, 학습자가 살아갈 미래사회와 세계사회 맥락에서의 탐구가 가능한 과제 개발이 필요함을 시사한다. 이러한 맥락에서 타 교과의 지식 및 사회적인 쟁점과 수학교과를 융복합교육의 관점에서 보다 의미 충실하게 연결할 수 있는 과제 개발에 대한 시사점을 제안하였다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.584-594
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• 2000

This study was the done to describe health behavior and determine affecting factors in middle aged women. The subjects of this study were 306 middle aged women, living in M city, during the period from June 28th to August. 31st 1999. The instruments for this study were Health Behavior Assesment tool developed by Kim (1998), Self esteem scale developed by Rosenberg(1965), the perceived health status scale by Lawston, et al.(1982), the Quality of life by Ro(1988), the attitude toward Climacteric symptom by Ji(1983). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The result of this study are as follows; 1. The total mean score for Health behavior was 2.51(range 1-4). The mean scores on the subscale were 2.83 for nutrition, 2.81 for stress management, 2.71 for limitation of liking in the menstrual group, health behavior was 2.64. The mean scores on the subscale were 2.98 for nutrition, 2.85 for stress management, 2.82 for limitation of liking, 2.80 for energy conservation in the menopausal group, 2. The mean scores for cognitive-perceptual variables in the menstrual group were perception of health status: 2.61, quality of life: 3.17, self-esteem: 2.59, and attitude for climacteric symptom: 3.02. In the menopausal group the scores were perception of health status: 2.41, quality of life: 3.10, self-esteem: 2.62, attitude for climacteric symptom: 3.06. 3. Health behavior and self-esteem(r=.269, p=.000; r=.205, p=.042), attitude for climacteric symptom(r=.192, p=.005; r=.545, p=.000), quality of life(r=.385, p=.000; r= .195, p=.050) and health behavior were correlated positively, and the perception of health status and health behavior were correlated negatively(r=.-135, p=.050; r= -.207, p=.040 ) in the menstrual group and menopausal group. 4. Perception of health status, quality of life, age, self-esteem, job and marital status explained 33.7% of the variance for health behavior in the menstrual group; self-esteem and education explained 33.1% of the variance for health behavior in the menopausal group. In conclusion, health behavior should be considered when developing nursing strategies for middle-aged women, especially when dealing with perception of health status, quality of life, and self-esteem.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.743-754
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• 1999

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the homecare needs of patients with cancer and to provide a basis of interventions. One hundred and two patients at one general hospital in Gyeongnam responded to a questionnaire developed on the basis of care needs perceived by nurses caring for hospitalized patients with cancer. The questionnaire was a Likert type 5 point scale with 56 items on five need categories ; 1) informational 2) physical care : 3) emotional care 4) socioeconomic care and 5) special care needs. Internal consistency of this questionnaire was Cronbach's $\alpha$＝.9101 for total items. The data was collected from March 1st to May 31th, 1998, by two graduate nurses. In the data analysis, mean & standard deviation were calculated to identify the degree of care need of each item, and the t-test & ANOVA were done to determine the effects of patients' demographic background on their care needs. The findings are summarized as follows ; 1) The mean score of total of need items was 3.048. Of the four need categories the highest score was informational at 3.4, followed by emotional care, 3.063, physical care, 2.623, and socioeconomic care, 2.599. 2) In the informational need category there were four subcategories with 19 items. Medication and pain control had the highest score, 3.755 ; second was diet and exercise, 3.613 ; third was disease and treatment process, 3.337 ; and last was personal hygiene and infection prevention at 2.687. 3) In the physical care need category there was nine items, IV infusion for nutrition and management of treatment complication was above 3.2 points and the remaining items were in the 2.847-2.070 score ranges. 4) In the emotional care need category there were seven items. The highest need was in support for relationships with health personnel, 3.673. The need for support of religions beliefs and support for having a religion were low at about 2 points. 5) In the socioeconomic care need category there were six items. Support for medical insurance expansion and financial support were above 3 points. Legal support and support for caring of children were low in the care needs. 6) In the special care need category the there were 15 items. Informational need about immunization and informational need about effects of disease on growth and development were high, above 4.1 points. Need for decubitus care and prevention, sitz bath and incontinence care were low, below 2 points. 7) There were significant differences in degree of care need according to admission rate, education level, marital status, religion and caregiver's religion. In conclusion, homecare needs perceived by hospitalized patient's with cancer was moderate, but informational need was higher than direct care need, leading to the conclusion that the provision of sufficient information to patients with cancer at discharge is needed. Nursing interventions should be developed considering the patient's background.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate patterns of fortified food (FF) consumption and intake of vitamins and minerals from FFs among 577 Korean children (12.4 years of age) who attended elementary or middle school. FFs eaten by children as a snack were surveyed using the food record method during 3 days, including 2 week days and one weekend. As a result, 114 FF items were eaten by the children, and several kinds of nutrients such as vitamin A, D, E, B complex, C, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were fortified in these foods. Ca-FFs (65.8%) were most frequently consumed, followed by vitamin C-FFs (33.4%) and vitamin D-FFs (33.3%). The number of FF items in each food group was the most in the milk group (n=24, 21.0%), followed by the beverage group (n=19, 16.7%), and the cookie/bread/cake group (n=17, 14.9%). Fortified nutrients in FFs were in various combinations, but the major combination patterns were Ca, Ca plus vitamins, Ca plus vitamins plus other minerals, and Ca plus other minerals. Daily mean intakes of vitamins and minerals from the FFs were 66-300% more than those of the recommended nutrient intake (RNI ) or adequate intake (AI) for most vitamins and minerals. Daily maximum intakes (95th percentile) of vitamins and minerals from FFs were 1-15 times the RNI or AI for most vitamins and minerals. Vitamin and mineral consumption ratios from each FF group were different according to the kind of fortified nutrient. For example, vitamin C was mostly eaten in fortified beverages (46-54%), and Fe was mostly eaten in fortified cookie/breads/cakes (87%). The above results show that FF consumption varied widely among the children, and that most of the children's foods were fortified with several vitamins and minerals without a common rule; thus, subjects risked over consuming vitamins and minerals by eating FFs. Therefore, practical guideline on FF use for children's optimal nutrition and health should be provided through nutrition education.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2010

이 연구는 제 7차 교육과정 화학 I 교과서의 "물" 단원에 사용된 어휘들을 등급별로 분류하고, 그 적절성을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 화학 I 8종 교과서의 "물" 단원에 사용된 어휘들을 표준국어대사전을 기준으로 한 SWA 프로그램을 이용하여 과학 전문어와 비과학 전문어로 나누고 그 등급을 살펴보았다. 그리고 어휘들이 11학년 학생들의 어휘 발달 수준에 적절한지의 여부를 조사하였다. 연구 결과, 과학 전문어의 등급 분포는 1등급에서 3등급까지 증가하다가 5등급까지 다시 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 등급 외 어휘가 평균 37%로 가장 큰 비율을 나타냈다. 비과학 전문어는 1등급 어휘가 압도적으로 많았으며 5등급으로 갈수록 감소하였고, 5등급과 등급 외 어휘는 평균 18% 사용 되었다. 교과서에 사용된 부적절한 어휘는 과학전문어의 경우 5등급 6어, 등급 외 82어이며, 비과학 전문어는 5등급 53어, 등급 외 145어로 조사되었다. 그러므로 전체적인 교과서 진술 방식은 타당하나 11학년 학생들의 어휘 수준에 적절하지 못한 어휘가 상당수 있어 그 사용을 최소한으로 하고 1~4등급의 어휘로 바꾸어 진술하여 학생들의 이해 수준에 맞는 적절한 어휘로 교과서를 집필해야 함을 제안한다.