• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.93-109
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• 1999

To investigate effects of Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture on adjuvant arthritis in rats, the edema rate, the number of WBC, the quantity of total protein, albumin and globuline in the blood serum and histological test of the muscular tissue were measured in the arthritis part. 1. After elicitating arthritis of Sprague dawley(SD) rats by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant for 2 weeks, normal saline was injected for the Exp. I group and Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture was injected for the Exp. II group during 30days. Selected point was $D\acute{u}b\acute{i}(ST_{35})$ in both the groups. And then the volume of the paw were checked. The volume of the paw was $0.84{\pm}0.14mm$ in the Exp. I group and $0.47{\pm}0.11mm$ in the Exp.II group, the swelling of the paw was restricted significantly in the Exp. II group(p<0.05). 2. The number of WBC was $10.34{\pm}0.14(10^3/ml)$ in the normal group and $37.47{\pm}5.46(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. I group. It was $21.24{\pm}2.58(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the group Exp. II with Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture was more effective than the Exp. II group in the treatment of arthritis(p<0.05). 3. The content of the total protein in the blood serum was $6.14{\pm}0.43g/dl$ in the normal group, $7.95{\pm}0.94g/dl$ in the Exp. I group, and $6.41{\pm}0.68g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in total protein between the Exp. II group and the Exp. I group from the statistical analysis. 4. The content of albumin in the blood serum was $2.94{\pm}0.13g/dl$ in the normal group, $2.01{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in Chang Tong-young the Exp. I group and $3.15{\pm}0.27g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the Exp. II group had significant increase in the serum albumin from the statistical analysis compared with the Exp. I group. 5. The content of the globulin in the blood serum was $3.19{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in the normal group, $4.70{\pm}1.26g/dl$ in the Exp. I group and $3.26{\pm}0.57g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in the serum globulin between the Exp. II group and Exp. I group from the statistical analysis. 6. In histological finding, because of severe inflammatory reaction, remarkably irregular tissue and large amount of inflammatory cells were found in the Exp. I group. But the Exp. II group showed small amount of inflammatory cells, the refrained inflammatory state and even recovering state.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 1983

The effect of ginseng administration on the patients of acute viral (B type) hepatitis has been oberved and the results were as follows. The albumin/globulin ratio of the ginseng administered group has significantly improved 4 weeks after admission while that of control group has not been improved suggesting that the ginseng might be effective in improving the protein metabolism. The thymol turbidity test again gave a similar result. Recovery of the disorder of bilirubin metabolism was also accelerated in the ginseng administered group compared with control group. The raised bilirubin value of the former returnedto the normal value 2 week after admission while that of the latter reached to normal 4-5 weeks after admission. However no significant difference of the bilirubin level between ginseng treated and non-treated groups could be observed. Cholesterol metabolism is also stimulated in ginseng administered group. The lowered cholesterol level of the ginseng group returned to normal 3-4 weeks after admission while that of latter reached to normal 5-6 weeks after admission. The raised S-GOT and S-GPT levels of the ginseng treated group returned to the normal value 3-4 weeks after admission while those of control group rehimed to normal in 5 weeks after admission suggesting that the ginseng improved impaired liver function. The improvement of the raised transaminase level seemed to be accelerate6 by the ginseng administration, however, no significant difference of the transaminase level between the ginseng treated and non-treated group could be observed. A significant effect of ginseng on the raised alkaline phosphatase level was observed. From the above results, it seemed that ginseng might stimulate the improvement of the disturbance of liver function, particularly at the early phase of its development of acute liver disease suggesting that panax ginseng might play a significant role in preventing the disease developing to be chronic.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1975

The newborn human is the only mammalian whose mother does not have a food supply ready for it's offspring at birth. From two to four days usually elapse before the mother's supply If milk appears, and during this period, some kind of artificial feeding should be supplied to the infants. Because of this factor, there has been continued debate fog the past hundreds of years as to when the first feeding should be started Accordingly, many experiments were carried out by scholars and because of these, Pre-lateral feedings were believed to be necessary. Many types of pre-lateral feedings were tried and the conclusion was reached that glucose water was the best food for the first infants'feedings. Traditionally, This has been started 12 hours after birth. The causes for the 12 hours delay were thought to (1) provide rest for the infants: (2) prevent regurgitation ana vomiting which tended to be prevalent during this tine: (3) in cases of low weight infants, prevention of aspiration pneumonia. From recent studies of newborn physiology and as pediatric medicine has been rapidly advancing, many studies hare been carried out concerning the improvement of infant nutrition and the early feeding of infants has been emphasized. This author believes it would be very beneficial to try two different kinds of feedings for the infant. (1) experimental feedings ana (2) comparative feeding, and during this period to investigate and compare the infants blood sugar level, hematocrit, gamma globulin level weight changes and to observe the infant reaction ill order to search for a more desirable feeding program. This study was conducted from January to March 1974 with data related to 40 healthy newborn infants (male 21, female 19: weight, 2.79∼4.20㎏ : gestation, 39∼40 weeks) born at Ewha Womens University Hospital and the results obtained were as follows : 1. At time of birth the blood sugar level from the cord sample averaged 88.99㎎/100㎖, but the blood sugar level rapidly dropped after 2 to 3 hours and reached the lowest point after 10 to 11 hours (54.48㎎/100㎖) and rose again by the 24 hour time period (76.80㎎/100㎖). Changes in the blood sugar level of the experiments: groups and the compare-five group was not significantly different until the 6 to 7 hour period, but by the 10 to 11 hour period the blood sugar levels of the experimental group (49,10㎎/100㎖) and the comparative group (49.70㎎/100㎖) were lower than the remainder of the experimental groups. 9. There ware no significant weight changes between the two groups. Average weight at birth was 3.35㎏, but at the 24 hours period birth weight averaged 3.29㎏. (1.8% reduction of birth weight). It continually lowered until at 48 hours, average weight was 3.26㎏ (2.7% reduction from birth weight.) 3. Hematocrit readings showed no significant difference between the groups. Hematocrit, the average value at birth, was 28.07% and abruptly elevated to average 64.35% at the 2 to 3 hour period, then slowly lowered to an average of 59.67% at the 6 to 7 hour period, 55.10% at the 10 to 11 hour period, ana 53.70% at the 24 hour period. 4. At birth, average gamma globulin value averaged 1,39㎎/100㎖. and at the 24 hour period averaged 1,52㎎/100㎖ revealing no significant difference between the two feeding groups. 5. Such factors as voiding, passing of meconium, regurgitation and vomiting showed no significance between the two feeding groups. However, the number of infants voiding and passing meconium in the experimental groups during the first 12 hours was slightly greater. In general there was an increased tendency for regurgitation and. vomiting among a small group of the infants during the first 24 hours which thereafter decreased. 6. Fluid intake averaged 24.38cc at the first feeding and increased to average 30.48cc at the third feeding and further increased to 73. 00cc at the fifteenth feeding. Finally it was suggested that the most reasonable method of early feeding is to give less than 25cc of 5% glucose water and/or 8% powdered milk at 8 to 9 flours after birth in order to prevent hypoglycemia and dehydration.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary single or mixed supplementation of plant extract, fermented medicinal plants and Lactobacillus on performance, nutrient availability, blood characteristics, cecal microflora and intestinal digestive enzymes activity in broiler chickens and to prove the possibility of plant derived compounds and Lactobacillus as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative. A total of eight hundred forty, 1-d-old male broiler chicks (Ross strain) were randomly divided into 7 groups with 4 replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments were NC (antibiotic-free diet), PC (basal diet with 0.05% antibiotics and 0.03% anticoccidials), PE (basal diet with 0.1% plant extract), FMP (basal diet with 0.1% fermented medicinal plants), LB (basal diet with 0.1% probiotics), PE+LB (basal diet with 0.1% plant extract and 0.1% probiotics) and FMP+LB (basal diet with 0.1% fermented medicinal plants and 0.1% probiotics). The final body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion rate in all treated groups tended to be improved or significantly improved as compared to those of NC (P<0.05). PE was significantly high in the final body weight, body weight gain of all treated groups (P<0.05). But the growth performance was significantly lower in all treated groups except PE than PC (P<0.05). No synergic effect in growth performance was found when plant extracts and Lactobacillus were mixed and fed to broilers. The ratio of albumin to globulin was significantly lower in all groups than NC (P<0.05). And the stress indicator (lymphocyte/heterophil ratio) of NC was significantly reduced than other treatments (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed on the numbers of cecal microbes and Lactobacillus. The number of cecal E. coli and Salmonella in FMP and LB were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The activity of intestinal digestive enzymes except to sucrase of treated groups significantly decreased compare to those of controls (P<0.05). These results suggest the possibility that plant extracts and Lactobacillus could be used as the alternative of antibiotic growth promoters by improving the performance of broiler chicks.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 1985

Many investigators have been pursuing various attempts so far to produce hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) vaccines using the techniques such as isolation from plasma of chronic HBsAg carrier, recombinant DNA technique or preparation of synthetic peptides specific for immunogenic determinants. Hepatitis B virus can not grow on any cell lines by the tissue culture technique at the present time. The plasma of chronic HBsAg carrier is expensive and its source is limited. The HBsAg from the recombinant DNA technique gave still very low yield. Another approach, therefore, has been initiated to develop a synthetic hepatitis B virus vaccine. The possible use of several distinct synthetic vaccines in prophylaxis can be facilitated by availability of full synthetic immunogens. Peptides synthesized for potential application as antiviral vaccines have been mostly tested in the form of conjugates with carrier proteins, although the free synthetic peptide can be immunogenic. To understand basic knowledges on the antigenicity and immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide specific for major immunogenic determinant of HBsAg, a nonapeptide, $H_2N^{139}Cys-Thr-Lys-Pro-Thr-Asp-Gly-^{146}Asn-Aba$ COOH, which corresponds to HBsAg amino acid residues 139 to 147, was synthesized by the Merrifield's solid-phase method with a slight modification. The antigenicity and immunogenicity of this specific synthetic peptide were examined comparing with purified plasma-derived natural HBsAg. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The peptide synthesized showed the identical amino acid composition to the theoretical value. The degree of purification and molecular weight were acertained by methods of high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 2. Using m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester as a conjugating agent, the synthetic peptide was conjugated to rabbit albumin and ${\gamma}$-globulin, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Their conjugation yields were 8.3, 9.5, 15.8, 13.5, and 11.2%, respectively. 3. The natural HBsAg was purified from plasma of chronic HBsAg carrier. By the electron microscopic observation of the purified natural HBsAg preparation, no Dane particles were observed and the preparation showed negative DNA polymerase activity. 4. Antigenicity of the synthetic peptide and the plasma-derived natural HBsAg was determined by competition radioimmunoassay using $^{125}I$-natural HBsAg. Their 50% inhibitions appeared as $90{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.12{\mu}g/ml$ for the synthetic peptide and the natural HBsAg, respectively. This indicates that the former was about 750-fold less antigenic than the latter. 5. Immunogenicity of the synthetic peptide was determined by administering the peptide-carrier conjugates into rabbits with and without Freund's complete adjuvant. Regardless the carrier proteins and adjuvant, positive immune responses to the synthetic peptide were observed. The higher antibody titers, however, were shown in the groups administered with Freund's complete adjuvant. 6. Immunizing dose 50% in mice of the various peptide-carrier conjugates was 5.47, 6.00, 65.16, 31.25 and $13.03{\mu}g/dose$ for rabbit albumin and ${\gamma}$-globulin, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin, respectively, while the natural HBsAg showed $0.65{\mu}g/dose$. 7. It was postulated that homologous proteins prefer to heterologous ones as the carriers.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to establish optimal conditions for progesterone receptor assay using rat uterus, therby applying this system to understand action mechanism of progesterone in female reproductive organ and to evaluate physiological and pathological conditions in female reproduction. The results obtained were as follows 1. $^3H-R5020$ seemed to be more stable than 3H-progesterone as a ligand. 2. Optimal incubation time for ligand and receptor binding was 4-5 hrs at $4^{\circ}C$. 3. For the separation of bond and free ligand, optimal charcoal incubation time was 20 mins. 4. 2-3 mg cytosolic protein/ml was optimal for the binding of ligand. 5. Endogenous progesterone did not influence binding of ligand and receptor unless endogenous progesterone levels were extremely high as in case of pregnancy. 6. Dissociation rate for progesterone receptor was 1.22 nM. 7. $^3H-R5020$ did not bind to corticoid binding globulin (CBG), suggesting that addition of cortisol is saturate CBG was, not necessary as far as $^3H-R5020$ was used as a radioligand. It is, therefore, considered that this assay system established with these conditions might be used for the research as well as clinical routine purposes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.505-519
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• 2008

For screening the appropriate field diagnostic techniques to failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer(FPT) in Korean-indigenous calves, 258 sera was examined by spectinophotometry for total protein(TP) and globulin(Glo), sodium sulfate precipitation test(SSPT), zinc sulfate turbidity test(ZSTT), and single radial immunodiffusion test(sRID). All calves aged within 6-week old. Morbidity and mortality to various diseases, mainly including enteric and respiratory disorders, were 18.9%(49) and 4.2%(11), respectively. FPT was 27,9%(72/258) when the cutoff point of TP was $4.5g/d{\ell}$ and among them the morbidity and mortality were 27.9% and 6.9%, respectively. FPT was 29.1%(75/258) when the cutoff point of Glo was $2.0g/d{\ell}$ and among them the morbidity and mortality were 29.0% and 6.9%, respectively. FPT was 13.1%(34/258) when the cutoff point of SSPT was 1+ and among them the morbidity and mortality were 67.6% and 23.5%, respectively. FPT was 19.7%(51/258) when the cutoff point of IgG with sRID was $1,000mg/d{\ell}$ and among them the morbidity and mortality were 41.1% and 11.7%, respectively. In addition, mean concentration of IgG with sRID tested was $2,150mg/d{\ell}$ at 3-day old but $1,100mg/d{\ell}$ at 9-days with $1,100mg/d{\ell}$. The results of the study were suggested that SSPT for FPT was the relatively reliable and convinient method for evaluating the immune status of calves(P<0.05).

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.152-159
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• 2017

Purpose: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestations, molecular features, and treatment status of XLA in Korean patients at Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Methods: Fourteen Korean boys with XLA showing serum agammaglobulinemia, non-detectable to less than 2% of peripheral B-cells, and mutation of the Btk gene were enrolled. We observed the clinical features, laboratory findings, status of treatment, and complications in these XLA patients. Results: All XLA patients had a history of recurrent bacterial infections before diagnosis, and 20% of them had a neutropenia. Of the XLA patients 35.7% had a family history of XLA and 75% of their mothers were carriers. Btk gene analysis showed variable gene mutations in Xq22 including 9 amino acid substitutions, 3 frameshifts, 1 premature stop codon, and 1 splice defect. After intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy, infection episodes decreased, but complications such as bronchiectasis and chronic sinusitis remained. Conclusions: In patients less than 4 years of age with recurrent infection, analysis of serum gamma globulin levels and the Btk gene are recommended for the early diagnosis of XLA and for the appropriate prevention of recurrent infection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.431-434
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• 2012

This study was conducted to survey red blood cell (RBC) antigens Aa, Ca and Qa types, which are considered to be the most significantly associated with occurrence of neonatal isoerythrolysis, and the results are expected to provide valuable informations in organization of breeding plan, hence preventing the disease. Blood samples were collected from 262 Thoroughbred horses in Jeju island. Two percent cell suspension has been prepared from each sample and they were tested by indirect antiglobulin test. Of the 226 mare's samples, 9(3.98%) were Aa negative, 8(3.54%) were Ca negative, 17(7.52%) were Qa negative. Of the 36 Stallion's samples, 1(2.78%) was Aa negative, 3(8.33%) were Ca negative, 3(8.33%) were Qa negative. On the basis of these data, a database for breeding compatability could be set, and it would play an important role as a reference for arranging the mating partners.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.1 s.8
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• pp.113-133
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• 2002

Objective: To investigate effects of Cervi Cornu on Adjuvant Athritis in rats, the edema inhibit rate, the anaJgesic effects, the number of WBC, RA facter, Platelet, the quantity of CRP, total protein, albumin and globuline in the blood serum were measured in the arthritis part. Results: The results obtained as fonows ; 1. After arthritis of Sprague dawley(SD) rats was induced by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant for 2 weeks, any treatment was not for Control group, acupunctured for Treat Ⅰ group. normal saJine was ora] administrated for the Treat Ⅱ group, Cervi Cornu Ex. was oral administrated for Treat Ⅲ, and Cervi Cornu Herbal-acupullcture was injected for Trea Ⅳ group during 2 weeks every other day. Selected point was on pressure pain point in both groups. And then the edema inhibit rate were checked. The edema inhibit rate was $46.03\%$ in Treat I group, $43.24\%$ Treat IV group, $37.44\%$ in Treat III. there was significance in the edema inhibit rate between Control group and Treat group, in order of Treat Ⅰ, Ⅳ, Ⅲ.(p<0.05) 2. The analgesic effects was $7.58{\pm}1.80$(${\times}10$gm) in Control group. $11.00{\pm}1.10$(${\times}10$gm) in Treat Ⅰ group. $99.92{\pm}1.28$(${\times}10$gm) in Treat Ⅲ group and $14.67{\pm}1.03$(${\times}10$gm) in Treat Ⅳ group. There was significance in the analgesic effects between Control group and Treat group(p<0.05) 3. The number of WBC was $14.72{\pm}1.48$(${\times}10^3$㎕) in control Group, $10.26{\pm}1.13$(${\times}10^3$㎕) in Treat Ⅰ group, $11.00{\pm}1.13$(${\times}103$㎕) in Treat Ⅱ Group and $9.63{\pm}1.75$(${\times}10^3$㎕) in Treat Ⅳ group. There was significance in the number of WBC between Control group and Treat group(p<0.05) 4. The content of total protein in the blood serum were $6.13{\pm}0.05$g/dl in control group, $5.73{\pm}0.14$g/dl in Treat I group, $5.88{\pm}0.13$g/dl in Treat Ⅲ group and $5.90{\pm}0.13$g/dl in Treat IV group. There was significance in The content of total protein in the blood serum between Control group and Treat group(p<0.05) 5. The contests of albumin in the blood serum were $2.32{\pm}0.12$g/dl in the Control group, $2.35{\pm}0.05$g/dl in Treat Ⅰ group, $2.35{\pm}0.05$g/dl in Treat Ⅱ group, $2.30{\pm}0.06$g/dl in Treat Ⅲ group, $2.42{\pm}0.08$g/dl in Treat IV group. There was no significance in The content of albumin in the blood serum between Control group and Treat group(p<0.05) 6. The contests of globulin in the blood semm were $3.68{\pm}0.08$g/dl in the Control group, $3.43{\pm}0.12$g/dl in Treat Ⅰ group, $3.55{\pm}0.10$g/dl in Treat IV group. There was significance in The content of globulin in the blood serum between Control group and Treat group(p<0.05) 7. The numbers of RA factor were $3.47{\pm}0.54$IU/ml in Control group and $2.38{\pm}0.50$IU/ml in Treat Ⅱ group. There was significance inThe numbers of RA factor between Control group and Treat group(p<0.05) 8. The numbers of platelet were $1126.33{\pm}1126.33{\pm}85.93{times}10^3$/㎕ in Control group, $1043.33{\pm}80.80{times}10^3$/㎕ in Treat Ⅰ group, $1116.82{\pm}77.93{times}10^3$/㎕ in Treat Ⅱ group, $1164.17{\pm}94.02{times}10^3$/㎕l in Treat Ⅲ group, $1076.67{\pm}54.84{times}10^3$/㎕ in Treat Ⅳ group. There was no significance in The numbers of platelet between Control group and Treat group(p<0.05) 9. The quantity of CRP were $0.05{\pm}0.01$mg/ml in Control group, $0.05{\pm}0.01$mg/ml in Treat Ⅰ group, $0.06{\pm}0.01$mg/ml in Treat Ⅱ group, $0.05{\pm}0.00$mg/ml in Treat Ⅲ group, $0.05{\pm}0.00$mg/ml in Treat Ⅳ group. There was no significance in The quantity of CRP between Control group and Treat group(p<0.05) Concluslon : From these results, it is shown Cervi Comu Herbal-acupuncture more efffective thaJJ Cervi Cornu Ex. on Adjuvant Arthritis in rats.