• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

An optical method was introduced to investigate the dispersion stability of Saengshik beverages (SB) containing 3.7-11.7% Saengshik powder (SP). Time course changes in backscattering light flux (BSLF) from SB were monitored by a Turbiscan. BSLF in the bottom and top layers of SB increased by forming sediment and foam, respectively, while that in the middle layer decreased by clarifying. With SP levels, sedimentation in SB was retarded, but the height of total sedimentation layer was increased. A logarithmic model was developed to fit to the changes in BSLF with time, showing determination coefficients of 0.979-0.988. The levels of SP in SB influenced the migration speed of the clarification front as well as the numbers of separated layers; 2 layers in SB containing 3.7% SP, 3 in 5.7-9.7%, and 4 in 11.7%. Formation of clear layers started after 17-29 min and continued for 22-53 min. The clarification was retarded most in SB containing 7.7% SP, indicating the most stable SP level for the SB preparation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 1973

The temperature effects on the equilibria between polymolybdatd anions in 1M sodium perchlorate solution has been investigated in the temperature range of 20~50$^{\circ}$C. The polymolybdate anions formed are heptamolybdate ($Mo_7O_{24}^{6-}$) ions and the protonized forms of heptamolybdate ions ($H_LMo_7O_{24}^{(6-L)-}$). The equilibrium constants for the formation of heptamolybdate ions calculated by Sillen's method are as follow;$8H^{+}+7MoO_4^{2-}=Mo_7O_{24}^{6-}+4H_2O$, $k_{7.8}=2.77{\times}10^{53}:20^{\circ}C= 9.29{\times}10^{51}:40^{\circ}C$,$k_{7.8}= 4.22{\times}10^{52}:30^{\circ}C = 9.29{\times}10^{51}:50^{\circ}C$ The enthalpy change for calculated for the above reaction is 31.51 kcal/mole. A method of calculation of the equilibrium constants for the formation of protonized heptamolybdate ions from heptamolybdate ions and hydrogen ions has been derived. The equilibrium constants calculated for the formation of protonized heptamolybdate ions are as follow; $ LH^++ Mo_7O_{24}^{-6} = H_LMo_7O_{24}^{(6-L)-} : L = 1\;or\;2$, $k_1 = 2.31{\times}10^4=2.53{\times}10^4=2.76{\times}10^4= 3.10{\times}10^4$, $k_2 = 6.19{\times}10^7\;20^{\circ}C = 7.80{\times}10^7\;30^{\circ}C = 1.22{\times}10^8\;40^{\circ}C = 2.03{\times}10^8\;50^{\circ}C$The enthalpy change for the following step reactions are as follow;$H^{+}+Mo_7O_{24}^{6-}= HMo_7O_{24}^{5-}\;{\Delta}H^{\circ}=1.90 kcal/mole$, $2H^{+}+Mo_7O_{24}^{6-}=H_2Mo_7O_{24}^{4-}\;{\Delta}H^{\circ}=7.50kcal/mole$

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.102-113
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• 2001

In order to compare with the 6th and 7th science curricular for the inquiry skill elements in the elementary and secondary school, we divided skill domains into five classes which were process skill, step skill for inquiry instruction, inquiry activity skill, manipulative skill and breeding-farming skill. And then we investigated the kinds and frequencies for the inquiry skill elements of the 6th and 7th curricular in the elementary and secondary school. The results were as follows: 1. The total kinds of inquiry skill element showed 17 kinds in the 6th curriculum and 23 kinds in the 7th. Therefore, the 7th curriculum was higher 1.4 times than the 6th curriculum in the kinds of skill elements. 2. The total frequencies for the inquiry skill elements of the 6th curriculum were 408 and those of the 7th were 729. Therefore, the 7th curriculum was about 1.8 times as many as the 6th. 3. In the kinds of inquiry skill elements according to the school levels, the course of the elementary school showed 14 kinds in the 6th curriculum and 18 kinds in the 7th. The course of middle school showed 7 kinds in 6th and 16 kinds in 7th. The integrated science course of high school was 10 kinds in the 6th and 10 kinds in the 7th. The skill elements in four science curricular of the high school course showed total 11 kinds in the 6th and 21 kinds in the 7th. And then the kinds of inquiry skill elements of the 7th curriculum in the middle and high school course showed about 2 times as many as the 6th curriculum. In the school level, the increase of skill elements showed the highest in the middle school course, and then in the high school course. 4. The total skill elements from the elementary school to the high school in the 6th science curriculum showed 17 kinds and in the order from the highest to the lowest rates, such as experimenting 20%, observing 15%, interpreting and analyzing data 13%, investigating 9%, measuring 7%, drawing a conclusion and assessment 7%, discussion 6%, communicating 5%, classifying 4%, recognizing problems and formulating hypothesis 4%, predicting 3%, designing and carrying out an experiment 3%, collecting and treating data 2%, manipulating skill 1%, modeling 0.5%, breeding and farming 0.3% and inferring 0.2%. 5. The total skill elements from the elementary school to the high school in the 7th curriculum appeared 23 kinds and in the order from the highest to the lowest rates, such as drawing a conclusion and assessment 31%, investigating 14%, collecting and treating data 8%, observing 7%, experimenting 7%, recognizing problems and formulating hypothesis 6%, interpreting and analyzing data 4%, measuring 3%, discussion 3%, manipulating skill 3%, modeling 3%, classifying 2%, project 2%, educational visits 1%, controlling variables 1%, predicting 1%, inferring 1%, operational definition 1%, communicating 1%, designing and carrying out an experiment 0.3%, breeding and farming 0.3%, applicating a number 0.2% and relating with time and space 0.2%. In the conclusion, the 7th curriculum was added 6 kinds of skill elements to the 6th curriculum, such as operational definition, applicating a number, relating with time and space, controlling variables, educational visits and project.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.637-641
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• 2006

To use multimedia contents in restricted resources, any management method of MPEG-7 documents is needed. At this time, some XML clustering methods can be used. But, to improve the performance efficiency better, new clustering method which uses the characteristics of MPEG-7 documents is needed. In this paper, we suggest a new clustering method to manage MPEG-7 documents efficiently, which uses some semantic relationships among elements of MPEG-7 documents. And also we compare it to the existed clustering methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.79-81
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• 2002

정보기술의 발달로 보건의료분야에서도 정보화가 가속화되고 있으며, 이런 디지털 의료환경에서 개인의 의료정보를 체계적이고 지속적으로 관리하기 위해서는 의료정보의 교환 및 공유를 위한 표준데이터 교환 환경이 구축되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 HL7을 이용하여 표준데이터 교환 환경을 구축할 것을 제안하고, 특정 클라이언트 및 데이터베이스 스키마로부티 독립적으로 HL7 메시지를 생성할 수 있는 HL7 메시지 서버를 설계하고 구현한다. 이질적인 여러 데이터베이스에 대해서 HL7 데이터 요소에 대한 일관된 관점을 제공해 주기 위해서 공통 HL7 데이터 요소를 갖는 임상검사결과 뷰 스키마를 설계하였으며, HL7 메시지 서버가 특정 데이터베이스 스키마에 상관없이 제공된 단순 뷰를 조회하는 것으로 HL7 메시지를 생성할수 있도록 한다. 이를 통하여 타 의교기관의 정보시스템에서도 쉽게 본 HL7 메시지 서버 시스템을 활용할수 있도록 한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1123-1127
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• 1996

Crystalline compound RbV2SeO7, a Rb analogue of KV2SeO7, was synthesized from a hydrothermal reaction of V2O5, V2O3, SeO2, and Rb2CO3 in the mole ratio 3: 1: 15: 6 (in millimoles) at 230℃. RbV2SeO7 crystallizes in an orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) with a=18.444(8), b=5.415(3), c=7.070(4) Å, Z=8. The two structures of KV2SeO7 and RbV2SeO7 are almost the same except that bond lengths in the latter are slightly longer than in the former. The magnetic susceptibility measurement for RbV2SeO7 in the temperature range 4-300 K showed an antiferromagnetic ordering with TN=45 K, higher than that for KV2SeO7 of 27 K. The origin of the magnetic coupling and the different ordering temperatures in the two phases are discussed in relation to the crystal structures.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1989

6-Arylamino-3,7-dihydro-3,7-dimethy-2-oxo-1H-purine and 2-arylimino-6-arylamino-3,7-dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine were obtained in a one-pot reaction when 3,7-dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-3,6-dione, phosphorus pentaoxide, triethylamine hydrochloride and appropriate amine amino are heated at $170^{\circ}$. Some derivatives were tested for their antitumor activity.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.7-11
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• 2022

Object detection technology is one of the main research topics in the field of computer vision and has established itself as an essential base technology for implementing various vision systems. Recent DNN (Deep Neural Networks)-based algorithms achieve much higher recognition accuracy than traditional algorithms. However, it is well-known that the DNN model inference operation requires a relatively high computational power. In this paper, we analyze the inference time complexity of the state-of-the-art object detection architecture Yolov7 in various environments. Specifically, we compare and analyze the time complexity of four types of the Yolov7 model, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv7, YOLOv7-X, and YOLOv7-E6 when performing inference operations using CPU and GPU. Furthermore, we analyze the time complexity variation when inferring the same models using the Pytorch framework and the Onnxruntime engine.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.336-340
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• 2017

The present study evaluated the antibacterial effect of Flos syzygii Aromatici methanolic extracts (FSAE). In addition, the effectiveness of FSAE against Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection was studied using ICR female mice. At 24 h after incubation of E. coli O157:H7, FSAE at the concentration of 0.269 (p < 0.05), 0.538 (p < 0.001) and 1.075 mg/mL (p < 0.001) significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 compared to the control group. After single challenge with E. coli O157:H7, forty female ICR mice were divided into four experimental groups which were orally administered with saline (control), 0.538 (group 1), 1.075 (group 2) and 2.15 mg/mL (group 3) of FSAE, respectively. On the 3rd day, the number of fecal E. coli O157:H7 in group 2 (p < 0.05) and group 3 (p < 0.01) was significantly decreased compared to that in the control group. On the 7th day post-treatment, the number of fecal E. coli O157:H7 in all FSAE-treated groups was significantly decreased compared to that in the control group (group 1, p < 0.05; group 2 and 3, p < 0.001). According to the results of the present study, administration of FSAE to mice can reduce the severity of E. coli O157:H7 infection. Therefore, the current study suggests that FSAE could be a good candidate for the treatment of enteric infections in domestic animals.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.46-52
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• 2023

The most abundant flavanone of grapefruits, naringenin (NN), is well known for its hepatoprotective, anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-carcinogenic effects. We generated three derivatives from NN using this technique in previous studies. Among them, it was confirmed that naringenin-7-O-phosphate (N7P), whose biological and physicochemical properties were not reported, showed a water solubility 45 times higher than that of NN. Therefore, in this study, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in RAW 264.7 cells to investigate the potential physiological activity of N7P. As a result, N7P showed nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity at concentrations that did not show toxicity. In addition, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) showed significant inhibitory activity from the lowest concentration of 12.5 μM and showed increased inhibitory activity compared to NN. In addition, as a result of western blot, N7P showed increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory activity than NN, and effectively inhibited NO and PGE₂ by significantly inhibiting their expression pathways. N7P also inhibited inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6. Based on these results, we propose that N7P can be used as a potent antiinflammatory agent.