• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1414-1420
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• 2013

Five novel spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] based dyes, including 5-[spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluoren]-5-yl] spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (7), 5-[spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluoren]-9-yl] spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (8), 5-[spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluoren]-2'-yl] spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (9), 9-[spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluoren]-9-yl] spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (10), and 2'-[spiro[benzo[c]-fluorene-7,9'-fluoren]-2'-yl] spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (11) were successfully prepared from the corresponding halogen and boronic acid derivatives through the Suzuki coupling reaction, respectively. Chemical structures were confirmed by $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), $^{13}C$ NMR, Fourier transforminfrared spectrscopy, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. The relationships between the optical and electrochemical properties and the combined positions between these dimers were systematically investigated using UV-vis, photoluminescence (PL), and photoelectron spectroscopy. These five dimers exhibited high fluorescent quantum yields and good morphological stability with high glass transition states > $174^{\circ}C$. Dimer 7 showed a UV absorbance peak at 353 nm, emission PL peak at 424 nm, and quantum efficiency of 0.62 in a cyclohexane solution.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 1997

A series of 7-deazahypoxanthine and 7-deazaadenine derivatives[6,7.8.9.10,13] as purine antagonists was prepared. The pyrrolidine-5-one derivatives[4,11] were treated vith $(C_2H_5)_3OBF_4$ to give 3- aryl-5-ethoxy-2H-3,4-dihydropyrrole[5,12], which were converted to 7-aryl-7,8-dihydro-7(9H)-deazahy-poxanthine[6,7,8,9,10] and 7-phenyl-2-methyl-7,8- dihydro-7(9H)-deazaadenine[13].

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

Purpose: By confirm the change of popliteal arterial position when extension or flexion of the knee and estimate the change of popliteal arterial position after posterior capsular release, we tried to know the position can minimize injury of popliteal artery during arthroscopic surgery and usefulness of posterior capsular release. Materials and Methods: Total of two middle-aged man and woman, fresh frozen cadavers as systemic, all four cases of the knee were included in this study. After the knee was flexed to 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees angle, we estimated distance from posterior tibial cortex to popliteal artery at articular surface, the distal 1 cm and 2 cm from articular surface. We performed posterior capsular release by arthroscopy, and estimated distance between posterior tibial cortex and popliteal artery in the same way. Results: Mean distance between popliteal artery and posterior tibial cortex was 6.3 mm (4.5~7), 4.6 mm (3.6~6), 4.9 mm (3.9~5.8) when knee flexion to 0 degrees at articular surface, distal 1 cm and 2 cm from articular surface each. When knee flexion to 30 degrees, it was 7.4 mm (5.2~9), 4.9 mm (3.6~7.2), 5.3 mm (3.8~6.6). When knee flexion to 60 degrees, it was 8.7 mm (5.4~11), 5.2 mm (4.9~7.3), 6.2 mm (5.4~9.6). When knee flexion to 90 degrees, it was 9.8 mm (5.8~12.1), 5.5 mm (5.1~7.4), 6.5 mm (5.4~10.7). After posterior capsule release, the distance was 6.5 mm (5.5~7.5), 5.8 mm (3.9~7.2), 5.2 mm (3.8~7.0) when knee flexion to 0 degrees, 7.7 mm (5.5~9,1), 7.1 mm (4.6~7.6), 5.5 mm (4.1~6.9) when knee flexion to 30 degrees, 8.9 mm (5.7~11.2), 8.5 mm (5.5~9.2), 6.4 mm (5.3~10.1) when knee flexion to 60 degrees and 10.2 mm (6.3~13.6), 9.5 mm (6.5~11), 6.6 mm (5.9~9.8) when knee flexion to 90 degrees. Conclusion: As knee joint is flexed, the distance from posterial tibial cortex to popliteal artery are increased beween knee joint articular surface and distal 2 cm from knee joint. So popliteal artery injury will be reduced at knee joint surgery. Posterior capsular release could also reduce popliteal artery injury by increasing distance between posterior tibial cortex and popliteal artery.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2287-2294
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• 2012

Deep blue fluorescent host materials based on a novel spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] core structure with side aromatic wings in the 5- and 9-positions, namely, 5,9-di(naphthalen-2-yl)spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (DN-SBFF), 5,9-bis(4-t-butylphenyl)spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (BP-SBFF), and 5,9-bis(4-fluorophenyl)spiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene] (FP-SBFF), were designed and successfully prepared using the Suzuki reaction. The physical properties of these materials and their EL characteristics as blue host materials doped with N,N,N',N'-tetraphenylspiro[benzo[c]fluorene-7,9'-fluorene]-5,9-diamine (TPA-SBFF) were investigated. The device used comprised ITO/N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis[4-(phenyl-m-tolyl-amino)phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (DNTPD)/N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPB)/(FP-SBFF):dopant x%/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum ($Alq_3$)/LiF. The device obtained using FP-SBFF doped with TPA-SBFF showed high color purity (0.13, 0.18) and an efficiency of 6.61 cd/A at 7 V.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.205-208
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• 2000

소에서 경정맥, 경동맥 및 갑상선의 초으파상에 관한 기초자료를 확립하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 한우 9두에서 6개월경으로부터 12개월령에 도달할 때까지 1개월 간격으로 성장에 따른 경정맥, 경동맥 및 갑상선의 초음파상을 측정하였다. 경정맥, 경도맥 및 갑상선은 경부의 양측에서 관찰하였다. 경정맥의 내경은 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 및 13개월령에서, 각각 8.5, 8.7, 8.8, 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, 11.5 및 12.2mm를 나타내었다. 경동맥의 내경은, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 및 13개월령에서, 각각 7.4, 7.5, 8.6, 9.1, 9.4, 9.7, 10.1 및 10.3mm 이었다. 갑상선엽의 길이는 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 및 13개월령에서, 각각 28.0, 32.1, 36.4, 42.2, 51.7, 53.2, 55.1 and 58.8mm이었다. 갑상선엽의 높이는 6, 7, 8, 9. 10, 11, 12 및 13개월령에서, 각각 13.6, 15.3, 16.1, 20.7, 22.9, 25.6, 28.9 and 29.4mm를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 초음파측정 결과는 한우에서의 경정맥, 경동맥 및 갑상선에서의 형태학적 변화의 진단을 위한 참고자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2010

Mowing is an important practice in golf course management. Mowing interval and height can affect net photosynthesis of turfgrass and finally shoot density, tillering, rooting and regrowth of turfgrass. The objectives of this study were to investigate the regrowth rate of zoysiagrass shoot under different mowing height for determination of proper mowing frequency. Recommended mowing interval were calculated by a rule that no more than 33% of the above ground height be removed in a single mowing. Daily shoot growth of zoysiagrass at 10 mm mowing height were 2.1~4.7 mm (July), 1.9~2.9 mm (August), 0.9~1.5 mm (September), and 0.6 mm (October). These results indicate that recommended mowing interval were 1.1~2.3 day for July, 1.7~2.4 day for August, 3.5~5.4 day for September, and 8.5 day for October, respectively. Daily shoot growth of zoysiagrass at 15 to 17 mm mowing height were 4.0~5.3 mm (July), 2.9~4.5 mm (August), 1.4~3.7 mm (September), and 1.3 mm (October). These results indicate that recommended mowing interval were 1.4~1.9 day for July, 1.7~2.5 day for August, 2.3~6.3 day for September, and 6.8 day for October, respectively. Daily shoot growth of zoysiagrass at 18 to 21 mm mowing height were 3.5~4.7 mm (July), 2.9~4.9 mm (August), and 1.5~1.8 mm (September). These results indicate that recommended mowing interval were 1.9~2.6 day for July, 1.8~3.1 day for August, and 5.9~7.0 day for September, respectively. Daily shoot growth of zoysiagrass at 50 mm mowing height were 4.6~4.9 mm (July), 5.0~6.5 mm (August), and 2.5~4.7 mm (September). These results indicate that recommended mowing interval were 5.1~5.4 day for July, 3.9~5.0 day for August, and 5.3~9.8 day for September, respectively.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.724-727
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• 2002

2,7-dibromo-9, 9-dialkyl-substituted-fluorene derivatives were prepared by the alkylation of 2,7-dibromofluorene with various alkyl groups under two-phase phase transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions, as monomers for synthesizing poly(dialkylfluorene)s. Tetra-nbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAHS) was used as a phase transfer catalyst to enhance nucleophilic substitution. In addition, NaOH in water (25M) was used as a base to generate anions. Compared to conventional alkylation using butyllithium(BuLi), the reaction using the PTC technique attained high selectivity and substantial conversion of reactants, due to the enhanced reaction rate, while the reaction was carried out under moderate conditions. An approximately 90% yield was obtained from the reaction and the reaction time was remarkably reduced. 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dihexyl-fluorene, 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dioctyl-fluorene, and 2,7-dibromo-9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)-fluorene were effectively synthesized by phase transfer catalytic reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.534-538
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• 1990

Chromium(Ⅵ) compound, [$C_9H_7$NH]$_2Cr_2O_7$ has been prepared by the reaction of isoquinoline with chromium trioxide under the presence of water. [$C_9H_7$NH]$_2Cr_2O_7$ is nonhydroscopic and dissolved in water very well. Structure of [$C_9H_7$NH]$_2Cr_2O_7$ is identified by FTIR spectra and elemental analysis data. The ability of [$C_9H_7$NH]$_2Cr_2O_7$ for the oxidation of alcohols were examined in methylene chloride. [$C_9H_7$NH]$_2Cr_2O_7$ was found as efficient oxidizing agent for the conversion of allyl, primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

One flavonoid, lignan glycosides and two diarylheptanoids were isolated from the sapwood of Betula maximowicziana. The structures were determined as : catechin 7-O-𝛽-D-xylopyranoside, lyoniresinol 9'-O-𝛽-D-glucopyranoside, 11-oxo-3, 8, 12, 17-tetrahydroxy-9-ene[7, 0]-metacyclophane and 11-oxo-3, 8, 9, 10, 12, 17-hexahydroxy[7, 0]-metacyclophane, respectively, on the basis of spectrosopic data and chemical correlations.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2003

Antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of heartwood extractives of domestic species were investigated to develop a natural fungicide or preservative. Four lignan derivatives and one taxane were isolated from heartwood of Taxus cuspidata which has been selected due to its high antioxidative activity among the tested species. The chemical structures were identified as : taxusin, isolariciresinol (4, 4', 9, 9'-tetrahydroxy-3', 5-dimethoxy-2, 7'-cyclolignan), lariciresinol (4, 4', 9-trihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7, 9'-epoxylignan), taxiresinol (3, 4, 4', 9-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxy-7, 9'-epoxylignan) and isotaxiresinol (3', 4, 4', 9, 9'-pentahydroxy- 5-methoxy-2, 7'-cyclolignan) on the basis of spectroscopic data and their chemical correlations. According to the results of free radical scavenging activity, isolariciresinol, lariciresinol and isotaxiresinol showed higher radical scavenging activity than those of 𝛼-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), the strongest natural and synthetic antioxidants. However, taxusin did not show any free radical scavenging activity. In this regard, it could inferred that high antioxidative activity of extractives of T. cuspidata was derived from isolariciresinol, lariciresinol and isotaxiresinol.