• 약학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.290-294
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• 2002

Cephradine is an orally absorbed cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is highly resistant to beta-lactamase degradation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cephradine capules, Cephradine capsule (Donggu Pharmaceutical Co., reference drug) and Cephradine capsule (Shinpoong Pharmaceutical Co., test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Twenty-six normal volunteers, 24.6 $\pm$ 3.70 years in age and 62.4 $\pm$ 8.99 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 $\times$ 2 cross-over study was employed. After one capsule containing 250 mg of cephrdine was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cephrdine in serum were determined using HPLC with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as AU $C_{t}$ to $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUCt, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between two products were 2.89％, 1.05％ and 1.06％, respectively, when calculated against the reference drug. The 90％ confidence intervals were within log0.8 $\leq$ $\delta$ $\leq$ log1.25 (e.g., log0.9803 $\leq$ $\delta$ $\leq$ log1.0734 and log0.9674 $\leq$ $\delta$ $\leq$ log1.220 for AU $C_{t}$, and $C_{max}$, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Cephradine capsules (Shinpoong Pharmaceutical Co.) is bioequivalent to Cephradine capsules (Donggu Pharmaceutical Co.).o.).o.).).o.).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.889-900
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• 2010

The experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to the investigation of the electro-UV complex process for the disinfection of E. coli in the water. The disinfection reactions of electro-UV process were mathematically described as a function of parameters power ($X_1$), NaCl dosage ($X_2$), initial pH ($X_3$) and disinfection time ($X_4$) being modeled by use of the Box-Behnken technique. The application of RSM using the Box-Behnken technique yielded the following regression equation, which is an empirical relationship between the residual E. coli number and test variables in actual variables: Ln (CFU) = 23.57 - 0.87 power - 1.87 NaCl dosage - 2.13 pH - 2.84 time - 0.09 power time - 0.07 NaCl dosage pH + 0.14 pH time + 0.03 $power^2$ + 0.47 NaCl $dosage^2$ + 0.20 $pH^2$+ 0.33 $time^2$. The model predictions agreed well with the experimentally observed result ($R^2$ = 0.9987). Graphical response surface and contour plots were used to locate the optimum point. The estimated ridge of maximum response and optimal conditions for the E. coli disinfection using canonical analysis was Ln 1.06 CFU (power, 15.40 W; NaCl dosage, 1.95 g/L, pH, 5.94 and time, 4.67 min). To confirm this optimum condition, the obtained number of the residual E. coli after three additional experiments were Ln 1.05, 1.10 and Ln 1.12. These values were within range of 0.62 (95% PI low)~1.50 (95% PI high), which indicated that conforming the reproducibility of the model.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.757-764
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a method to improve the compliance and reduce the time by reducing the workload during the model change work. Background: The enterprises are constructing the small quantity batch production system by increasing the number of model change and reducing model-changing. However, the compliance is low because the work is strenuous and high skills are needed, so the system management is facing with many difficulties. Method: After classifying the model change work according to the purposes(preparation, change and adjustment) with the target of mascara filling machine, element tasks time were measured and the motion analysis(therblig symbol) and REBA analysis were performed. The study incorporated 3 independent variables as the number of motion, REBA score and the element time. The dependent variable is the type of element work as preparation, change and adjustment. The statistical test was performed by one-way ANOVA(${\alpha}$ < 0.05). Results: For the preparation, the number of motions appeared in the order of Use(U), Transport Loaded(TL), and Position(P). The order appeared in change is Use(U), Release Load(RL), and Grasp (G). The adjustment appeared in the order of Position(P) and Use(U). The results of average motion time as the element work times divided by the number of motion appeared in the order of adjustment(1.85sec/motion), preparation(1.11sec/motion), and change(0.62sec/motion). The results of REBA showed that the average risk level of change and adjustment were medium, but 53.1% of change and 42.9% of adjustment were evaluated as high. Conclusion: Reducing the avoidance and improving the compliance of work could be expected if the job autonomy were improved by improving the working postures with high risk level. Application: It is expected to solve the problem of reducing the time of model change work in the small quantity batch production system. The future work is to carry out the improvement directions found in the results and compare the results after improvement.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to provide support material to traditional nursing interventions through investigation of the effect of Auricular acupressure therapy for female staff in the hospital who have dysmenorrhea but cannot be absent from work even with severe symptoms affecting their work and therefore cannot get proper pain management. Method: The participants in this study were 62 women were working in the G-university hospital in Jin-ju, assigned to experimental (30) and 32 control groups (32). The study method was a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The experimental group received acupressure treatment (a pin was attached to tape) on the special stimulation points in the inside of the ear, 5 times for 5 seconds, morning, afternoon, and night. Tape without the pressure pin was applied to the same points for women in the control group to evaluate placebo effect. Data were collected from May to November 2007 and were analyzed using SPSS PC+ 12 version. Descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, paired t-test, were used to analyze the data. Results: The experimental group showed a significant decrease in dysmenorrhea compared to the control group (t=-2.743, p<.01). In the sub-part, the experimental group showed menstruation related pain (t=-3.726, p<.01), menstruation related to behavioral change (t=-2.421, p<.05) and symptoms however, there was no significant difference related to attention deficit, water retention, and negative image. Conclusion: Application of auricular acupressure therapy was approved for this study and although auricular acupressure therapy was not effective for all of the symptoms, it was effective for dysmenorrhea.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2011년도 추계학술논문집 1부
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• pp.170-173
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• 2011

Therapeutic hypothermia(TH) improves neurological outcomes and reduces mortality among survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Animal and human studies have shown that TH results in improved salvage of the myocardium, reduced infarct size, reduced left ventricular remodeling and better long-term left ventricular function in settings of regional myocardial ischemia. This study is to investigate the effect of TH on post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and survival time after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Thoracotomies were performed in 10 Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 450-550 g. MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Ninety min after LAD ligation, ventricular fibrillation induction and subsequent cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed before defibrillation attempts. Animals were randomized to two groups: a) Acute MI-Normothermia b) Acute MI-Hypothermia ($32^{\circ}C$ for 4 h). Myocardial functions, including cardiac output, left ventricular ejection fraction, and myocardial performance index were measured echocardiographically together with duration of survival. Ejection fraction, cardiac output and myocardial performance index were $54.74{\pm}9.16$, $89.00{\pm}8.89$, $1.30{\pm}0.09$ respectively and significantly better in the TH group than those of the normothermic group at the first 4 h after resuscitation($32.20{\pm}1.85$,$41.60{\pm}8.62$,$1.77{\pm}0.19$)(p=0.00). The survival time of the hypothermic group ($31.8{\pm}14.8$ h) was greater than that of the normothermic group($12.3{\pm}6.5$ h, p<0.05). This study suggested that TH attenuated post resuscitation myocardial dysfunction in acute MI and would be a potential strategy in post resuscitation care.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2019

Purpose: The importance of the neurodevelopmental outcomes of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants has been emphasized as their mortality rate has markedly improved. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST), a developmental screening tool approved by the Korean Society of Pediatrics, for the timely diagnosis of neurodevelopmental delay in VLBW infants. Methods: Subjects included VLBW infants enrolled in the Korean Neonatal Network database between January 2012 and December 2014. The collected data were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (NPV) in the K-DST compared to those in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II for VLBW infants. Results: A total of 173 patients were enrolled. Their mean gestational age and mean birth weight were $27.5{\pm}2.8weeks$ and $980.5{\pm}272.1g$, respectively. The frequency of failed psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <85 was similar to that in at least one domain of K-DST <1 standard deviation. Failure in more than one K-DST domain compared with a mental developmental index (MDI) <85 showed a sensitivity and NPV of 73.2% and 75.0%, respectively. Failure in more than one K-DST domain compared with PDI <85 showed a sensitivity and NPV of 60.3% and 71.6%, respectively. Each K-DST domain had a stronger correlation with predicting a failing MDI <85 than a failing PDI <85 (P<0.05). Conclusion: K-DST could be a useful screening tool for predicting mental developmental delay in VLBW infants and referring them for neurodevelopmental assessments.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.567-576
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• 2019

Objective : Minimal data exist regarding non-operative management of suspected pseudarthrosis after pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO). This study reports radiographic and clinical outcomes of non-operative management for post-PSO pseudarthrosis at a minimum 5 years post-detection. Methods : Nineteen consecutive patients with implant breakage indicating probable pseudarthrosis after PSO surgery (13 women/six men; mean age at surgery, 58 years) without severe pain and disability were treated with non-operative management (mean follow-up, 5.8 years; range, 5-10 years). Non-operative management included medication, intermittent brace wearing and avoidance of excessive back strain. Radiographic and clinical outcomes analysis was performed. Results : Sagittal vertical axis (SVA), proximal junctional angle, thoracic kyphosis achieved by a PSO were maintained after detection of pseudarthrosis through ultimate follow-up. Lumbar lordosis and PSO angle decreased at final follow-up. There was no significant change in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) total score, or subscales of pain, self-image, function, satisfaction and mental health between detection of pseudarthrosis and ultimate follow-up. SVA greater than 11 cm showed poorer ODI and SRS total score, as well as the pain, self-image, and function subscales (p<0.05). Conclusion : Non-operative management of implant failure of probable pseudarthrosis after PSO offers acceptable outcomes even at 5 years after detection of implant breakage, provided SVA is maintained. As SVA increased, outcome scores decreased in this patient population.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.97.1-97.12
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• 2018

Objective: Women with cervical cancer (CC) found to have positive surgical margins, positive lymph nodes, and/or parametrial invasion receive a survival benefit from postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs. radiation therapy (RT) alone. However, older women may not benefit to the same extent, as they are at increased risk of death from non-oncologic causes as well as toxicities from oncologic treatments. This study sought to evaluate whether there was a survival benefit of CRT over RT in elderly patients with cervical cancer. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients ${\geq}70$ years old with newly diagnosed IA2, IB, or IIA CC and positive margins, parametrial invasion, and/or positive nodes on surgical resection. Statistics included logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS), and Cox proportional hazards modeling analyses. Results: Altogether, 166 patients met inclusion criteria; 62 (37%) underwent postoperative RT and 104 (63%) underwent postoperative CRT. Younger patients and those living in areas of higher income were less likely to receive CRT, while parametrial invasion and nodal involvement were associated with an increased likelihood (p<0.05 for all). There were no OS differences by treatment type. Subgroup analysis by number of risk factors, as well as each of the 3 risk factors separately, also did not reveal any OS differences between cohorts. Conclusion: In the largest such study to date, older women with postoperative risk factor(s) receiving RT alone experienced similar survival as those undergoing CRT. Although causation is not implied, careful patient selection is paramount to balance treatment-related toxicity risks with theoretical outcome benefits.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1015-1029
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• 2020

Purpose: This study assessed the validity of a questionnaire (SEID-Q27) for diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), designed based on the systematic exertion intolerance disorder (SEID) criteria. Methods: Two groups of participants were recruited: 1. a non-CFS control group: adult university personnel with a Chalder fatigue scale (CFQ) score ≥15, and 2. a CFS patient group: patients from an online CFS community diagnosed with CFS (diagnostic code of G93.3) with the symptoms present. The survey ran from September to October, 2020. The validity of the questionnaire was investigated by factor analysis and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Among the 35 adults surveyed, 30 (86%) participants had CFQ scores ≥15 (15 males and 15 females) and 5 (14%) had a CFS diagnosis (2 males and 3 females). The total mean score was significantly different between the two groups (CFS: 6.8±2.2 vs. control: 4.4±2.4, p<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.827. With a cut-off point 62, the sensitivity was 60%, specificity 97%, and the discriminant ability of the survey was 79%. Conclusions: The SEID -Q27 appears to be a useful instrument for the diagnosis of CFS using SEID criteria. However, further large-scale studies are needed with greater numbers of participants.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the occurrence, location, and dimensions of the intraosseous vascular canal in the lateral wall of the maxillary antrum using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we examined 400 CBCT scans from our archive of patients who had earlier reported to a dental teaching hospital in the United Arab Emirates. The prevalence, location, and dimensions of the lateral antral intraosseous canal (LAIC) in the maxillary antrum were evaluated by 2 examiners using standardised methods. A third examiner was consulted in cases of disagreement. Results: The prevalence of LAIC was 62.3% (249 maxillary antra) among the study population. The mean distance between the most inferior point of the alveolar bone and the inferior border of the LAIC in the posterior maxillary region was 19.83±3.12 mm. There was a significant difference (P=0.05) between the maxillary molar and premolar regions in mean distance from the most inferior point of the alveolar bone and the inferior border of the LAIC. There was no statistically significant difference in mean distance between the most inferior point of the alveolar bone and the inferior border of the LAIC between dentulous and edentulous areas (P=0.1). The G3-intrasinusal type canal less than 1mm in diameter was the most common type of LAIC. Conclusion: This study established the approximate location of the LAIC in a United Arab Emirates cohort, which will assist the oral surgeon in selecting the appropriate site for sinus lift procedures with reduced risk of surgical hemorrhage.