• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 및 워크숍
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• pp.48-48
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• 1997

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.66-66
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• 2001

Since the first birth of pig derived from embryonic cells by nuclear transfer, many researches to produce cloned pig have been carried out. Recently, two reports about the birth of somatic cell cloned pigs using in vivo oocytes and also Betthauser et al. (2000) reported the birth of somatic cell cloned pigs using in vitro oocytes. So here we investigated the effect of activation method and culture medium on in vitro development of porcine nuclear transfer embryo using fetal fibroblast. Oocytes derived from slaughter house obtained ovaries were matured for 42 to 44 h in TCM 199. Matured oocytes were denuded using 0.1% hyaluronidase and then Oocytes with the first polar body were used for enucleation by aspirating the first polar body and adjacent cytoplasm in TCM 199 supplemented with 7.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$ cytochalasin B. Petal fibroblast cells were prepared from 35 days old fetus. To be used as donor cells, fetal fibroblast cells were serum starved for 3 to 5 days and then isolated into single co:1 by trypsinization. Nuclear transfer embryos were fused using 2 times 1.25㎸ for 30$mutextrm{s}$. Fused NT embryos were activated with calcium ionophore (CI) and 6-dimethyl-aminopurine (6-DMAP). Activated oocytes were cultured in NCSU 23 or BECM 3 for 6 days. There was no significant difference between chemical activation and no chemical activation for blastocyst development rate(11.6 vs. 14.8%). However, cell number was significantly higher when NT embryos were activated with CI and 6-DMAP (31.2 vs. 22.6). When NT embryos were cultured in NCSU 23 or BECM 3, blastocyst development rate was 16.4 and 13.2%, respectively, and cell number was 31.5 and 24.1, respectively. These results suggest that chemical activation after fusion and culture in NCSU 23 could increase cell number of porcine NT embryos.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examined the electrofusion and activation conditions for the production of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. In this study, immature oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 with and without hormones for 22 hours. Skin fibroblasts cells of porcine were transferred into the perivitelline space of enucleated in vitro matured oocytes. Cell fusion was performed with two different pulses that each one pulse (DC) of 1.1 kV/cm or 1.5 kV/cm for $30{\mu}sec$. After fusion subsequent activation were divided into three groups; non-treatment (control) and treatment with 2 mM 6-DMAP or $7.5{\mu}g/ml$ cytochalasin B for 4 hours. Transferred embryos were cultured in PZM-3 (Porcine Zygote Medium-3) in $5%\;CO_2$ and 95% air at $39^{\circ}C$ for 7 day. Apoptosis-related genes (Caspase-3, BCL-2, mTOR, and MMP-2) were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. There was no significant difference between two different electrofusion stimuli in the cleavage rate; $64.9{\pm}4.8%$ in 1.1 kV/cm and $62.7{\pm}4.0%$ in 1.5 kV/cm. However, blastocyst formation rate (%) was significantly different among three different activation groups (no treatment, 2 mM 6-DMAP or $7.5{\mu}g/ml$ cytochalasin B) combined with electrofusion of 1.1 kV/cm. The blastocyst formation rate was $12.6{\pm}2.5$, $20.0{\pm}5.0$, and $34.9{\pm}4.3%$ in control, 2 mM 6-DMAP, and $7.5{\mu}g/ml$ cytochalasin B, respectively. Immunofluorescence data showed that expression levels of caspase-3 in SCNT embryos undeveloped to blastocyst stage were higher than those in the blastocyst stage embryos. Expression levels of Bcl-2 in blastocyst stage embryos were higher than those in the arrested SCNT embryos. These results showed that the combination of an electric pulse (1.1 kV/cm for $30{\mu}sec$) and $7.5{\mu}g/ml$ cytochalasin B treatment was effective for production of the porcine SCNT embryos.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.100-104
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• 2011

In this work, an optimum condition of electrolytes preparation for photovoltaic cells application was investigated experimentally in terms of impedance and conversion efficiency of the cells. 3-methoxyppropionitrie and redox pairs with LiI and $I_2$ were used as stable solvents for fabrication of electrolyte. Efficiency comparison of the prepared cells carried out for various additives and ionic liquids. From the results, there was an optimum concentration (about 0.3 M) of ionic liquids for efficient cell fabrication. For case of electrolyte using single DMAp additive, the maximum conversion efficiency of the cell was 6.4%($V_{oc}$: 0.78V, $J_{sc}$: 14.4 mA/$cm^2$, ff: 0.57). For case of electrolyte using both DMAp and CEMim additives, the maximum conversion efficiency of the cell was 7.2%($V_{oc}$: 0.79V, $J_{sc}$: 16 mA/$cm^2$, ff: 0.57). From the result of electrochemical impedance measurement, both Z1 and Z3 values of binary additives-based cell decreased compared to those of single additive-based. This is due to the decreased in internal and charge transfer resistivities of the cells.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2005

본 연구는 재래산양에서 복제 수정란의 생산효율을 향상시키기 위한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 체세포 핵이식을 실시하여 공핵세포의 종류, 핵이식란의 활성화 처리 방법 및 수핵난자의 조건이 체외발달율에 미치는 영향을 조사, 검토하여 핵이식란 생산을 위한 최적의 조건을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 공핵세포의 종류에 따른 핵이식란의 체외발달율은 융합이 이루어진 핵이식란의 활성화 처리 후 분할율은 귀 유래 섬유아세포를 공핵세포로 사용하였을 때가 $40.5\%$로서 태아 유래 섬유아세포를 공핵세포로 사용하였을 때의 $55.5\%$와 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 상실배 또는 배반포기로의 발달율도 각각 $6.7\%$ 및 $16.0\%$로서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 핵이식란의 활성화 방법에 따른 체외발달율은 ionomycin+6-DMAP 처리를 하였을 때 분할율은 $79.0\%$로서 전기자극을 주었을 때의 $9.5\%$보다는 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 상실배 또는 배반 포기로의 발달율도 ionomycin+6-DMAP 처리를 하였을 때는 $15.6\%$가 발달하였으나, 전기 자극을 주었을 때는 4-세포기 이후로의 발달이 전혀 이루어지지 않았다. 체세포 핵이식란은 단위발생란에 비하여 분할율$(66.1\%\;vs\;59.18\%)$ 및 상실배 또는 배반포배로의 발달율$(19.0\%\;vs\;0.0\%)$이 유의적 (P<0.05)으로 낮았다. 단위발생란의 분할율은 체내 성숙난자에서 $86.8\%$로서 난포란의 $69.0\%$보다는 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다 단위발생란의 상실배 또는 배반포기로의 발달율에 있어서도 체내 성숙난자$(50.0\%)$가 난포란$(23.6\%)$보다 유의적 (p.<0.05)으로 발달율이 높았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 재래산양의 체세포를 이용한 복제수정란의 생산효율을 향상시키기 위해서는 다수의 난자 확보를 위한 과배란처리 방법의 개선, 난포란의 이용효율 개선 및 활성화 처리방법 등이 확립되어야 하며, 후기배로의 발달율 향상을 위해서는 최적의 체외 배양조건 확립이 시급한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.219-222
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• 2007

These study was carried out to investigate the effects of the collection time, culture time and activation of canine oocytes on in vitro maturation rates. The activated oocytes were cultured in 10% FCS+TCM-199 media containing hormonal supplements (10 IU/ml HCG, 10 IU/ml PMSG, 10 ug/ml gonadotropin) at 5% $CO_2$, 95% air, $38^{\circ}C$. 1. IVM rate of in vitro cultured cumulus-attached oocytes recovered from ovaries that collected at follicular and luteal stages of the reproductive cycles were 11.4% and 5.7%, respectively. IVM rate of oocytes recovered from ovaries that collected at follicular stages of the reproductive cycles was significantly higher than that of luteal stage (p<0.05). 2. When IVM was carried out at different periods of 40, 48, and 70 hrs, the IVM rates of oocytes matured in vitro were 2.9%, 8.6%, 5.7%, respectively. These results indicate that the IVM time between $48{\sim}70$ hrs gives the highest maturation rate for the oocytes matured at the different stages. 3. IVM rate of oocytes matured in vitro for 10 hrs after single and combined activation treatment by ET, IP and CH and Ca+DMAP, CH+DMAP, ET+CH were $11.5{\pm}1.2%,\;10.8{\pm}1.0%,\;9.6{\pm}1.2%\;and\;12.4{\pm}1.5%,\;11.8{\pm}1.5%,\;11.2{\pm}1.4%$ respectively. This was higher than that in both single and combined stimulated groups compared to control group ($6.2{\sim}7.2%$).

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.268-268
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• 2004

재래산양은 우리나라 고유의 유전자원으로서 첨단생명공학 연구에 매우 적합한 동물이다. 본 연구는 동물복제 및 형질전환동물 생산 등의 연구에 기초자료를 제공하고자 재래산양의 체내 및 체외유래 난자에 단위발생을 유도하여 회수난자의 조건, 활성화방법, 배양조건 등이 단위발생란의 체외발달율에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 최적의 배양조건을 확립하고자 실시하였다. 난자의 회수는 체중 15∼25 ㎏ 전ㆍ후의 성숙한 미경산 재래산양에 FSH와 PMSG를 사용하여 과배란을 유기하였다. (중략)

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2001

The success of nuclear transplantation with mammalian oocytes depends critically on the potential of oocytes activation, which mainly caused to prevent the re-accumulation of maturation promoting factor (MPF). This study was conducted to compare the effect of combined treatment of lonomycin with a Hl-histone kinase inhibitor (dimethylaminopurine, DMAP) or cdc2 kinase inhibitor (sodium pyrophosphate, SPP) on activation of bovine oocytes. In vitro matured bovine oocytes with the first polar body (PB) and dense cytoplasm were assigned to 3 experimental groups. For activation treatment, oocytcs were exposed to 5 $\mu$M lonomycin for 5 min (Group 1), and followed by 1.9 mM dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) for 3 h (Group 2) or followed by 2 mM sodium pyrophosphate (SPP) for 3 h (Group 3). The activation effects in the three treatments and the control group (untreated) were judged by the extrusion of the second PB and formation of a pronucleus (PN). Differences among groups were analysed using one-way ANOVA after arc-sine transformation of proportional data. All three treatments led to high activation rates (90% to 95%), with significant difference from the control. However, the extrusion of the second PB and the rate of PN formation differed remarkably among treatments. In Group I and 3, about 95% of the oocytes had extruded the second polar body, but one PN had formed in a higher proportion of oocytes in Group 3 than in Group 1 (90% vs. 5%). In experiment 2, the rates of cleavage and development into blastocysts in Group 1 were significantly lower than those of Group 2 and 3 (8.7% and 0% vs. 50.5% and 11.6%, and 44.6% and 7.2%, respectively, P<0.05). In experiment 3, ~80% of parthenotes in Group 1 were developed with haploid chromosomal sets. However, when ionomycin was followed immediately by DMAP (Group 2). only 20% of parthenotes were haploid. In Group 3, combined treatment with ionomycin and SPP, the appearance of abnormal chromosomal tracts was significantly (P〈0.05) reduced and the proportion of haploid parthenotes was increased to 85% (17/20) than in Group 2. These results demonstrate that SPP acted as a cdc2 kinase inhibitor and formed the haploidy in oocyte activation. Thus, the present study suggests that cdc2 kinase inhibitor, such as sodium pyrophosphate, may have an effective role in oocyte activation for the production of cloned embryos/animals by nuclear transplantation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.70-76
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• 1982

Synthetic utility of 1-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (FTNB) as a condensing agent was investigated. The use of FTNB and DMAP was found to be very effective for direct esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols or thiols. However, this system was not very effective for macrolactonization. Reaction of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl esters with several nucleophiles was investigated briefly. Plausible reaction mechanisms of esterification are presented. It seems that the reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl esters by initial formation of 2',4',6'-trinitrophenyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium salt from which the trinitrophenyl group is transferred to the carboxylic acid.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.587-592
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• 2001

The potential anticancer agents new anthracycline derivatives (2~9) have been synthesized from daunomycin (1a) and doxorubicin (1b) ad starting materials. Compounds 2 and 6 were prepared by the nucleophilic displacement type esterification of a 14-bromodaunomycin (1c) with a acetylsalicylic and palmitic acid in triethylamine, respectively. Compound 3 and 7 were obtained from daunomycin (1a) by direct amidation with the corresponding acids in the presence of EDCI and PP as esterification regents. Whereas 4 and 8 were prepared by reaction of doxorubicin (1b) with one equivalent of acetylsalicylic and palmitic acid using DCC/DMAP, respectively, 5 and 9 were obtained from 1b by acylation with two equivalents of the corresponding acids using EDCI/PP reagents.