• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2017

Currently, a lot of efforts to make increases the manufacturing efficiency have tried and there is growing the interest to implementing the machining operation through CAM automation and optimization. This kind of movement has shown gradually in 5X milling as well as 3X milling task. By the way, in case of 5X milling, it is difficult to hire the CAM experts who is an experience for 5X machining and also it has too big trouble to use them due to high cost. For this reason, you can see the manufacturer who is concern the CAM S/W to provide the NC automation program that beginners can generate easily the 5X milling in short term and the existing 5X milling process can be improved. These requirements need to make a NC automation process including the practical machining strategies same as the generation by NC expert. In order to support this, it is necessary to directly apply the 3D machining part based on NC template which includes the machining procedures, standard cutter library, auto machine area selection, analyze tool for part shape, machining condition setting considering the material stiffness to be provided by CimatronE and it should be created the 5axis machining data by a minimized operation. With user-friendly, CimatronE's NC machining automation tools improve the 5-axis machining process and speed up the process, maximizing work efficiency and improving product productivity compared to existing machining tasks.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.104-107
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• 2005

[ $TiN_x$ ] powder have been fabrication by making of reaction between titanium powder and $Si_3N_4$ bowl during a planetary milling. Milling times were maintained for 1 hour, 5 hours, and 10 hours, respectively. The XRD result showed existence of non-stoichiometric compound of $TiN_{0.26}$ after 5 hours milling and coexistence of TiN with $TiN_{0.26}$ after 10 hours milling. Particle size distribution was investigated by particle size analyzer and microstructure was analyzed by FE-SEM. The size of titanium was decreased with increasing the milling time and the mean size of $TiN_x$ after 10 hours milling was increased by 200 nm.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.11 no.6 s.47
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• pp.486-492
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• 2004

We report the crystallization and magnetic properties of non-equilibrium $Al_{0.6}(Fe_{x}Cu_{1-x})_{0.4}(x=0.25, 0.50, 0.75)$ alloy powders produced by rod-milling as well as by new chemical leaching. X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and vibrating sample magnetometry were used to characterize the as-milled and leached specimens. After 400 h or 500 h milling, only the broad peaks of nano bcc crystalline phases were detected in the XRD patterns. The crystallite size, the peak and the crystallization temperatures increased with increasing Fe. After being annealed at $600{^\circ}C$ for 1 h for as-milled alloy powders, the peaks of bcc $AlCu_{4}\;and\;Al_{13}Cu_{4}Fe_{3}\;for\;x=0.25,\;bcc\;AlCu_{4}\;and\;Al_{5}Fe_{2}\;for\;x=0.50,\;and\;Al_{5}Fe_{2},\;and\;Al_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}\;for\;x=0.75$ are observed. After being annealed at $500{^\circ}\;and\;600{^\circ}C$for 1 h for leached specimens, these non-equi-librium phases transformed into fcc Cu and $CuFe_{2}O_{4}$phases for the x=0.25 specimen, and into bcc ${\alpha}-Fe,\;fcc\;Cu,\;and\;CuFe_{2}O_{4}$ phases for both the x=0.50 and the x=0.75 specimens. The saturation magnetization decreased with increasing milling time for $Al_{0.6}(Fe_{x}Cu_{1-x})_{0.4}$ alloy powders. On cooling the leached specimens from $800{\~}850^{\circ}C$,\;the magnetization first sharply increase at about $491.4{\circ}C,\;745{\circ}C,\;and\;750.0{\circ}C$ for x=0.25, x=0.50, and x=0.75 specimens, repectively.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.270-276
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• 1999

Ti-Ni-Cu alloy powders were fabricated by ball milling, and the properties of these powders were characterized. Mixed 50Ti-(50-x)Ni-xCu powders of 5 to 10at.%Cu composition were milled for 100 hours using SUS 1/4" balls in argon atmosphere. Ball to powder ratio was 20:1 and rotating speed was 100 rpm. Tensile strength, microstructure and phase transformation of ball milled Ti-(50-x)Ni-xCu powders were studied. After 100 hours milling, Ti, Ni and Cu elements were alloyed completely and an amorphous phase was formed. Amorphous phase was crystallized to martensite(B 19') and austenite(B2) after heat treatment for 1 hour at $850^{\circ}C$. As the Cu contents were increased, tensile strength of extruded 6061Al/TiNiCu was decreased, and B19'martensite phases In the TiNi particles were the causes of high tensile stress of extruded 6061Al/TiNiCu.NiCu.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.406-412
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• 1998

The reaction bonded alumina ceramics was prepared through the addition of each SiC and ZrO2 powder to the mixture of Al metal powder and Al2O3 The mono sized (3mm) and biodal sized (3mm+5mm) balls were used in attrition milling of Al and starting powders. The milling efficiency of both cases was compared by the analysis of particle size and X-ray diffraction. After the forming and sintering of each powder batchs the weight gains dimensional changes and densities were determined. The specimens were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope. Bimodal sized balls had better milling effect than single ball size in the milling of Al powder. However in the milling which ceramic powders mono sized the green body during the reaction sintering at 1$600^{\circ}C$ for 5 hour was about 10% The densities attained the values of 92-98% theoretical. The SiC added specimen that was milled with 3mm ball media had 96% theoretical density and dense microstructure.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.338-344
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• 2013

Fe-TiC composite was fabricated from Fe and TiC powders by high-energy milling and subsequent spark-plasma sintering. The microstructure, particle size and phase of Fe-TiC composite powders were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to evaluate the effect of milling conditions on the size and distribution of TiC particles in Fe matrix. TiC particle size decreased with milling time. The average TiC particle size of 38 nm was obtained after 60 minutes of milling at 1000 rpm. Prepared Fe-TiC powder mixture was densified by spark-plasma sintering. Sintered Fe-TiC compacts showed a relative density of 91.7~96.2%. The average TiC particle size of 150 nm was observed from the FE-SEM image. The microstructure, densification behavior, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness of Fe-TiC sintered compact were investigated.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.31.1-31.1
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• 2009

In an approach to acclimate ourselves torecent ecological consciousness trend, a lead-free piezoelectric material, bismuth sodium titanate (abbreviated as BNT) based bismuth sodium barium titanate (abbreviated as BNT-BT), was considered as an environment-friendly alternative for a lead based piezoelectric system. Ceramic specimens of0.94[(BixNa0.5)TiO3]-0.06[BaTiO3] (x = 0.500~0.515) compositions were prepared by a modified mixed oxide method. To increase the chemical homogeneity andre action activity, high energy mechanical milling machine and pre-milled nanosized powder has been used. In this method (BixNa0.5)TiO3 (x=0.500~0.515) andBaTiO3 were prepared separately from pre-milled constituent materials at low calcination temperature and then separately prepared BNTX (X=1, 2, 3 and 4) and BT were mixed by high energy mechanical milling machine. Without further calcination step the mixed powders were pressed into disk shape and sintered at $1110^{\circ}C$. Microstructures, phase structures and electrical properties of the ceramic specimens were systematically investigated. Highly dense ceramic specimens with homogenous grains were prepared in spite of relatively low sintering temperature. Phase structures were not significantly influenced by the excess amount Bi. Large variation on the piezoelectric and dielectric properties was detected at relative high excess Bi amounts. When $x{\leq}0.505$, the specimens exhibit insignificant variation in piezoelectric and dielectric constant though depolarization temperature is found to be decreased. Considerable amount of decrease in piezoelectric and dielectric properties are observed with higher excess of Bi amounts ($x{\geq}0.505$). This research indicates the advantages of high energy mechanical milling and importance of proper maintenance of Bi stoichiometry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.969-970
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• 2006

In present work, manufacturing technologies of titanium hydride powder were studied for recycling of titanium tuning chip and for this, attrition ball milling was carried out under $H_2$ pressure of 0.5 MPa. Ti chips were completely transformed into $TiH_2$ within several hundred seconds. Dehydrogenation process $TiH_2$ powders is consist of two reactions: one is reaction of $TiH_2$ to $TiH_x$ and the other decomposition of $TiH_x$ to Ti and $H_2$. The former reaction shows relatively low activation energy and it is suggested that the reaction is caused by introduction of defects due to milling.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.733-739
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• 2001

In Al-25Nb binary system, it was observed only formation of $D0_{22}$ $Al_3Nb$ intermetallic compound after 5hr milling but it was not observed formation of meta stable phase like L1$_2$ phase. In this state, $D0_{22}$ $Al_3Nb$ fabricated had nano sized grain of approximately 20nm. Ternary systems, transition metals such as Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn were added 6~12at.% as substitution of Al, showed formation of $D0_{22}$ $Al_3Nb$ like Al-25Nb binary system. In Al- l2Cu-25Nb system, it was observed that broad XRD pattern like amorphization of Al and not observed formation of $D0_{22}$ $Al_3Nb$ after 5hr milling. But there was mixed phase of a lot of amorphous Al and little $D0_{22}$ $Al_3Nb$ through TEM. In the states of unalloyed, 5~7hr milling time, those showed exothermic reaction at 35$0^{\circ}C$, which was formation of $D0_{22}$ $Al_3Nb$ like Al-25Nb binary system. With increasing milling time to 10hr, $D0_{22}$ $Al_3Nb$ was transformed to mixed phase of amorphous and nanocryatlline, having approximately 10nm grain but the meta stable $Al_3Nb$ was not fabricated by adding transition metals.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.464-467
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• 1996

The microstructural evolution during mechanical alloying of Nb and Sn powders, of average composition Nb3Sn, has been investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Observations by SEM showed a progressive change of milling time. From the XRD studies, the structural development with milling time depends on the ball size for a given powder/ball ratio. Using a larger ball of 9.5mm diameter, the elemental powders initially alloy mechanically to form an A15 structure phase, and then amorphised with continued milling. However, in case of milling with a smaller ball of 3.968mm diameter, an amorphous phase is first formed. These results can be understood by considering the dependence of the milling energy on the ball size. The homogeneous stoichiometric $Nb_3Sn$ phase could be easily obtained by heat treatment of a supersaturated solid solution produced by MA. Heat treatment of an amorphous phase formed by MA resulted in the mixture of the $Nb_3Sn$ and $Nb_6Sn_5$ phases.