• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2011

Purpose: It is generally believed that alopecia is caused by various factors such as scars, stress, genetical factors, androgens, etc. Androgenic alopecia is one of the most common cause of alopecia and found mainly in males. Propecia (Merck & Co., USA) and Minoxidil (McNEIL-PPC, Inc, USA) were the drugs approved from FDA for treatment of androgenic alopecia. Surgical treatments such as flap, tissue expansion, scalp reduction and hair transplantation can be considered if necessary. Hair micrograft techniques were developed for natural hair shapes and minimal adverse effect. There were attempts to measure the length of the forehead of the Korean young adults. However attempts to classify the shape and location of forehead hairline were rare. This study attempted to find out standard hairlines of young adults in their 20s & 30s and the result would be the guideline of the hairline in hair replacement surgery of male patients in their 40s & 50s. Methods: 200 male adults in 20s and 30s were photographed and measured the length of 11 vertical index lines to determine hairline. The indexes are the distances from hairline to intercanthal midpoint (A), to medial canthus (B), to upper eyelid fissure (C), to lower eyelid fissure (D), to lateral canthus (E) and distance from lateral highest point to medial lowest point, if the hairline is M-shape (F). Additionally, we classified the hairlines into 4 groups, M, horizontal, inverted U and irregular shapes. Results: The most common hairline of male adults in their 20s is inverted U-shape (53.3%), followed by horizontal-shape, M-shape, irregular-shape. In their 30s, inverted U-shape (59%) is followed by irregular-shape, M-shape, horizontal-shape. The M-shape is more frequently found in males in 30s than those in 20s. The mean values of the indexes in their 20s are as follows: A (76.14 mm), B (Rt: 75.78 mm, Lt:76.41 mm), C (Rt: 69.43 mm, Lt: 69.92 mm), D (Rt: 76.92 mm, Lt:77.46 mm), E (Rt: 64.16 mm, Lt: 64.73 mm), F (4.09 mm). Those in their 30s are as follows: A (76.13 mm), B (Rt: 76.114 mm, Lt: 76.02 mm), C (Rt: 69.87 mm, Lt: 70.37 mm), D (Rt: 77.37 mm, Lt: 77.58 mm), E (Rt: 69.63 mm, Lt: 69.85 mm), F (6.14 mm). Conclusion: The knowledge about human body measurement is indispensable to plastic surgeons. In this study, inverted U shape is the most common type of hairline in 30s, and similar distribution is found in 20s. The percentage of M shape in their 30s is elevated more than 10% compared to that in their 20s. The study of hairline shapes and 11 indexes of hairlines can be useful for planning of the hair transplantation and postoperative evaluation. This study being based on photogrammetry, there may be differences between actual distance of curved face and projected distance on flat photographs.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.2 s.86
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• pp.149-154
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• 2005

The objective of this research was to estimate the shelf-life of 4 kinds of Korean soup (Yukkaejang, Sagol-woogeojitang, Kalbitang, and Seolleongtang), under an accelerated experiment, based on the changes in the selected physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics. The 4 kinds of Korean soup (Yukkaejang, Sagol-woogeojitang, Kalbitang and Seolleongtang) were 1.sated at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. and the shelf life was evaluatedthrough accelerated experiment, based on tile changes in the physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics. No viable cells were detected in any of the treatments and no significant differences were shown in pH, TBA and Hunter's color values for 3 weeks at $37^{\circ}C$. The periods found to be acceptable by sensory evaluation were 1 days for Yukkaejang and Kalbitang, 14 days for Sagol-woogeojitang, and 21 days for Seolleongtang. For an assumed $Q_10$ value of 2.5, shelf-life was predicted as 109 days for Yukkaejang and Kalbitang, 219 days for Sagol-woogeojitang, an d 328 days for Seolleongtang at $5^{\circ}C$, suggesting that these 4 kinds of Korean soup are suitable for commercial distribution.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 1987

Three rice varieties of Akibare (japonica), Milyang 30 (indica) and Taebaeg (indica) were investiated for sensory and physical qualities of cooked rices during storage at the temperature range of $4^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ for 25 hours. The qualities studied were sensory attributes of odor, taste and appearance which were evaluated by multiple comparison method. The other properties were size of rice granule and separation Property of individual cooked rices in water. The sensory results showed that all of the descriptions except moldy odor and oily taste were scored higher values for cooked rices of Akibare than those values of Milyang 30 and Taebaeg. It was found that storage of cooked rices at various temperatures resulted a significant decrease in most of sensory qualities except moldy odor and oily taste which were rather increased. The quality change was more affected at storage at low temperature, particularly at $4^{\circ}C$, than at higher temperatures. The property of individual separation of cooked rices in water for freshly cooked rices showed that Akibare was separated 44.4% after 1 minute shaking while Milyang 30 and Taebaeg had the higher separation value of 53.1%, and 51.0%, respectively. This characteristic was noticeably reduced after 3 hours storage and then steady increased during further storage. It was also found that the separation percent was generality increased as the storage temperature increased from $4^{\circ}$ to $70^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.365-374
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• 2018

This study investigated the relationship between Vitamin D levels and indices related to cardiovascular disease in Korean adults aged ${\geq}19years$. The data for analysis were obtained from the sixth Korea National Health Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that the incidence of Vitamin D deficiency was 73.1% among Korean adults and that indices related to cardiovascular disease showed an increasing trend (55.6% of Korean adults). The relationship between Vitamin D levels and indices related to cardiovascular disease with controlled physical activity status was also studied. The odds ratios (ORs) for age were 1.72 for the 4-62 years age group (95% CI, 1.53-1.93) and 2.05 for the ${\geq}65years$ age group (95% CI, 1.71-2.45). For blood pressure, the OR for pre-hypertension was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.15-1.47) and that for hypertension was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.11-1.54). For body mass index (BMI), the OR was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.11-1.66) and that for waist circumference (WC) was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.11-1.66). For fasting blood sugar (FBS), the OR for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.21-1.55) and that for diabetes mellitus (DM) was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.05-1.65). The OR for total cholesterol (TC) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.11-1.52) and that for triglycerides (TG) was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.04-1.37) in Korean adults. There was a significant relationship between Vitamin D and indices related to cardiovascular disease in Korean adults with respect to age, blood pressure, FBS, BMI, TC and TG. Confirmation of a causal relationship between Vitamin D and indices related to cardiovascular disease may require further research consisting of more systematic cohort studies.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.3 s.19
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• pp.180-185
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• 2005

Purpose: Among tumor-associated antigens, MAGE (melanoma antigen) was named as cancer/testis specific antigens because they are detected exclusively in the testis or cancer cells, including gastric carcinomas. Due to the elicitation of autoimmunitiy to tumors by these antigens either in vitro or in vivo and their tumor specificity, these antigens, thus, appear to be potential targets for tumor-specific immunotherapy. Materials and Methods: The fresh tumor tissue and normal gastric tissue samples were obtained from resected surgical specimens in 53 patients with gastric carcinomas. From the obtained cells, total cellular mRNA was extracted, and RT-PCR and nested PCR were run in 30 and 35 cycles respectively, with two different kinds of primers specially designed to detect six subtypes of MAGE DNA simultaneously. Results: In the 53 normal tissue, there was no expression of MAGE, but in the 53 cancer tissues, MAGE was expressed in 13 tissues (24.5%). Our data did not exhibit any correlation with the expression of the MAGE gene and clinicopathological factors. Conclusion: In our data, since 24.5% of gastric cancer tissues expressed MAGE, it should become possible to immunize a significant proportion of patients with advanced gastric carcinomas against the antigens encoded by these genes, provided that more antigenic peptides encoded by the genes of the MAGE family can be identified in the near future. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2005;5:180-185)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.689-695
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• 2007

Antioxidative activity and polyphenol contents of heated licorice in Korea extracted by ethyl.acetate (EtOAc) and ethyl.alcohol (EtOH) were evaluated at various heating temperatures (110, 120, 130, 140, and $150^{\circ}C$), times (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr), and moisture contents (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). Maximum extraction yields of EtOAc extract was 10.9% at $130^{\circ}C$, 3 hr, and 50% moisture content and that of EtOH extract was 25.0% at $120^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and 20% moisture content, whereas those of control were 0.8 and 15.8%, respectively. The highest total polyphenol content was 845.67 mg/100 g in EtOH extract at $120^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and 20% moisture content (control: 277.00 mg/100 g). The antioxidative activity ($IC_{50}$) was the highest value of 0.53 mg/mL in EtOAc extract at $120^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and 20% moisture content (control: 12.34 mg/mL). The highest ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity value of 1,584 mg ascorbic acid (AA) eq was obtained from EtOAc extract at $120^{\circ}C$, 2hr, and 40% moisture content (control: 1,263 mg AA eq). Optimum heating conditions for the improvement of antioxidative activity of licorice in Korea was $120^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and $20{\sim}40%$ moisture content.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3095-3099
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in India. Understanding quality of life (QOL) in women undergoing chemo-radiotherapy for cervical cancer will help in introducing interventions for better care and outcomes in these women. This study assessed QOL before and after chemo-radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This follow-up study covered sixty-seven newly diagnosed women with advanced cervical cancer (stages 2b to 4b). Structured questionnaires (the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CX24) were used to assess the change in QOL after 6 months of treatment. Results: The mean age of women at the time of detection of cervical cancer was $52.3{\pm}11.29$ years (Range 30-75 years). Six months survival was 92.53%. The mean global health score of cervical cancer patients after six months of treatment was 59.52, which was significantly higher than the pre-treatment score of 50.15 (p=0.00007). Physical, cognitive and emotional functioning improved significantly (p<0.05) after treatment. Fatigue, pain, insomnia and appetite loss improved but episodes of diarrhea increased after treatment. The mean "symptoms score" using EORTC QLQ-CX24 post treatment was 20.0 which was significantly lower as compared to the pre- treatment score 30.0 (p<0.00001). Sexual enjoyment and sexual functioning decreased significantly after treatment. Conclusions: QOL of newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients improved significantly following chemo-radio therapy. Enhancement was also demonstrated on three of the five functional scales of EORTC QLQ-C30. To further improve QOL, interventions focusing on social and psychological support and physical rehabilitation may be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.785-791
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• 1993

Kinetic studies were performed to investigate free-fructose content change in rice during storage. The rice was stored at various water activities(0.44, 0.52, 0.65 and 0.75) and at fluctuating temperature($30/50^{\circ}C$) over period of 22 weeks. At early stage of storage free-furctose content increased by zero-order reaction, whereas at later stage, it decreased by first-order reaction. The reaction rates were positively related to water activity and/or temperature during storage. Activation energies calculated at range of aw 0.44~0.75 were found to be 10.76~19.56kcal/mole and 4.53~8.40kcal/mole, for the period of increase and decrease in the free-fructose contents, respectively. The shelf-life assessed at $25^{\circ}C$ was found to be 252(aw 0.44), 212 (aw 0.52), 193(aw 0.65) and 162(aw 0.75) days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.228-239
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• 2017

This study investigated the drag coefficient and lift coefficient of thirteen kinds of knotless nettings used for large purse seine gear. By comparing the hydrodynamic characteristics with nets of the previous study, the characteristics of this study were derived as a purse seine gear. Thirteen kinds of nettings with different length of bar (l) and diameter (d) were used in the experiment, out of which six kinds used the 30 mm in mesh size and three kinds with 40 mm. The drag coefficient ($C_d$) also increased with increasing d/l. It can be expressed as $C_d=3.71499(d/l)+0.76595$ at a current speed 0.4 m/s and $C_d=4.30324(d/l)+0.69056$ at a current speed 0.5 m/s. Compared with previous studies, drag coefficient values were similar to knotless net of similar d/l and smaller than drag coefficient of knot net. Therefore, using knotless net in a purse seine has the advantage of reducing the resistance acting on the purse seine gear.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2004

The gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in plant growth and development. Twenty three fungi were isolated from the roots of Lindera obtusiloba and Vaccinium koreanum. The numbers of GA-producing fungi were six strains from Lindera obtusiloba and four strains from Vaccinium koreanum. The fungi with GAs-producing activity were incubated for seven days in 40 ml of Czapek's liquid medium at $25^{\circ}C$, 120 rpm, and the amount of each GA in the medium was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to determine the productivity of GAs. Penicillium griseofulvum KNU5379 produced more GA in case of $GA_{3}$ than Neurospora crassa known as a GAs-producing fungus. P. griseofulvum KNU5379 was shown to produce $GA_1\;9.79\;ng,\;GA_3\;133.58\;ng,\;GA_4\;2.64\;ng,\;GA_7\;7.80\;ng\;and\;GA_{53}\;0.73\;ng$ in 25 ml of liquid medium. Bioassay using culture fluid of GAs-production fungi was performed on rice sprout.