• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.187-198
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• 1996

The cut-off values and related factors for total cholesterol of serum in normal Korean adults were studied from March to October, 1995, based on the data of 1,818 healthy adults of human involved the male and female. The comparisons of the serum total cholesterol levels were analyzed by sex, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, height, PIBW, BMI and other biochemical tests. 1. The serum total cholesterol level were 194.4 mg/dl in total group, 186.9 mg/dl for male, and 197.6 mg/dl for female. 2. There was no significant differences by sex among the 21 to 50 ages group, but significantly higher in women than in men over 51 years old. 3. In general, the levels of serum total cholesterol were increased with age, the highest level in men was 192.7 mg/ dl in 51 to 60 years old, and 210.5 mg/dl in more than 60 years old in women. 4. The cut-off values of serum total cholesterol for moderate risk were 191 mg/dl in 21 to 30 years group, 195 mg/dl in 31 to 40 years,214 mg/dl in 41 to 50 years, 227 mg/dl in 51 to 60 years, and 222 mg/dl in more than 61 years. The cut-off values of serum total cholesterol for high risk were 214 mg/dl dl in 21 to 30 years group, 214 mg/dll in 31 to 40 years, 239 mg/dl in 41 to 50 years, 213 mg/dl in 51 to 60 years, and 248 mg/dl in more than 61 years. 5. The mean values of serum total cholesterol were showed positive correlation with age, PIBW, BMI, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. 6. Serum total cholesterol level of drinking group(188.9$\pm$34.85mg/dl) was showed love. than those of non-drinking group(196.0$\pm$36.0 mg/dl). 7. Serum total cholesterol levels of regular excercise group(192.1$\pm$33.3 mg/dl) was significantly lower than those of non regular excercise group(195.8$\pm$37.0 mg/dl).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2005

We analyzed statistics study in 1394 patients, who had visited to the Dept. of dermatology, ophthalmology & otorhinolaryngology Hospital of Oriental Medicine Sangji University from July, 2003 to December, 2004. The results were as follows. 1. Distribution of ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology and dermatology classification was 14.23% in ophthalmology, 13.92% in rhinology, 4.79% in laryngology, 23.05% in dermatology, 8.25% in otology, 2.14% in stomatology and 33.63% in other. 2. Ophthalmology group were 12.39% males and 14.16% females in 61years old over. In treatment term, opthalmology patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 85.84%. Blepharism and asthenopia were the most common ophthalmologic disease. 3. Rhinology group were 18.10% males in 11-20 years old and 14.48% females in 10 years old within. In treatment term, rhinology patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 70.59%. Rhinitis and sinusitis were the most common rhiniologic disease. 4. Otology group were 19.08% males and 16.80% females in 61years old over. In treatment term, otologic patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 64.89%. Tinnitus and vertigo were the most common otologic disease. 5. Laryngology group were 10.53% males and 17.11% females 41-50 years old. In treatment term, laryngology patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 85.53%. pharyngitis and abnormal pharyngolarylgeal region sensation were the most common laryngologic disease. 6. Stomatology group were 11.76% males in 31-40, 41-50 years old and 17.65% females in 61 years old over. In treatment term, stomatology patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 82.35%. Stomatitis and labium spasm were the most common stomatologic disease. 7. Dermatology group were 11.75% males and 15.30% females in 21-30 years old. In treatment term, dermatology patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 72.95%. Acne and urticaria were the most common dermatologic disease. 8. Other group were 8.99% males in 41-50 years old and 14.04% female in 61 years old over. In treatment term, other group patients who had treated for 2 weeks within were 69.29%. Bell's palsy and common cold were the most common other disease.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.9
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• pp.122-129
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• 1990

Authors analyzed sonographic findings of 59 cases of hepatic hemangioma, with had been diagnosed through examination in our Medical. dept, from Januray, 1985 to December 1989. The results of the analysis are as follows: 1) The hepatic hemangioma was found in 59 cases(0.33%) among the 17,714 insureds. 2) In all 59 cases who have hemangioma, hemangioma was found in 37 cases(0.35%) among the 10,724 insureds of male, and in 22 cases(0.31%) among the 6,990 insureds of female. 3) The possessing rate of hemangioma in male was increased by age regardless of sex-5/2,120 cases(0.24%) in $21{\sim}30$ years, 25/8,122 cases(0.31%) in $31{\sim}40$ years, 16/4,997 cases(0.32%) in $41{\sim}50$ years, 8/1,775 cases(0.45%) in $51{\sim}60$ years, and 5/359 cases(1.39%) in over 61 years. 4) The tumor involved right lobe of the liver in majority(71.4%) 5) The size of tumor was 10 lesions in under 10 mm, 58 lesions in $31{\sim}50$ mm, and 6 lesions in over 51 mm. The smallest tumor was 8 mm in diameter and the largest was 72 mm in diameter and 78 lesion(92.8%) were less than 50 mm in size. 6) Posterior acoustic enhancement was noted in 4 lesions among 68 lesions of less than 30 mm in long diameter, and in 4 lesions among 16 lesions more than 30 mm in long diameter. 7) Echographically most of the lesions presented as a round or oval high homogeneous echogenic mass, although a few mass appeared to be hypoechoic or Mixed echogenic. Finally a small round echogenic, sharply-marginated and internally homogeneous lesion is highly suggestive of hemangioma. If the hypoechoic lesion has homogeneous internal echoes and/or strong marginal echoes, it is also suggestive of hemangioma.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.108-116
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• 2007

This paper proposed an analyzable parameter and its analytic method to provide more accurate information than currently employed 4 channels system which uses pulse wave velocity (PWV) information of the volume pulse wave measured from 4 arterial channels for the characterization of arterial vessel. In order to verify the volume pulse waves on 4 sites were simultaneously acquired subjects aged from 12 to 81 years old. and the proposed parameters were extracted from time (UT) was then compared with blood pressure. Then, the regression analyses were done relationships among the proposed parameter and others, such as aging, pulse transit time pressure (BP). The followings are the results of linear regression analysis of the proposed parameter for total 50 normal subjects. We selected any two subjects (58 years and 27 years) and measured PPG (photoplethysmogram) and BP of before and after exercise. The coefficient of correlations between BP and UT observed was -0.928 for 50 years subject, and -0.922 for 20 years subject. For total 50 normal subjects, in case of correlation between the pulse transit time and BP, the result showed -0.170 on left side and -0.233 on right side, and the coefficient value of correlation between the pulse transit time and UT was -0.607 on left side and -0.510 on right side. UI is strongly correlated with the pulse transit time than BP. Hence, we believe that the proposed parameter is related with the index of arterial stiffness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3287-3291
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• 2014

Background: The interesting preponderance of Chinese with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) amongst the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia prompted a study to determine DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status in our CRC and attempt correlation with patient age, gender and ethnicity as well as location, grade, histological type and stage of tumour. Histologically re-confirmed CRC, diagnosed between $1^{st} $January 2005 and $31^{st}$ December 2007 at the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya Medical Centre, were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies to MMR proteins, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 on the Ventana Benchmark XT autostainer. Of the 142 CRC cases entered into the study, there were 82 males and 60 females (M:F=1.4:1). Ethnically, 81 (57.0%) were Chinese, 32 (22.5%) Malays and 29 (20.4%) Indians. The patient ages ranged between 15-87 years (mean=62.4 years) with 21 cases <50-years and 121 ${\geq}50$-years of age. 14 (9.9%) CRC showed deficient MMR (dMMR). Concurrent loss of MLH1 and PMS2 occurred in 10, MSH2 and MSH6 in 2 with isolated loss of MSH6 in 1 and PMS2 in 1. dMMR was noted less frequently amongst the Chinese (6.2%) in comparison with their combined Malay and Indian counterparts (14.8%), and was associated with right sided and poorly differentiated tumours (p<0.05). 3 of the 5 (60.0%) dMMR CRC cases amongst the Chinese and 1 of 9 cases (11.1%) amongst the combined Malay and Indian group were <50-years of age. No significant association of dMMR was noted with patient age and gender, tumour stage or mucinous type.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.558-573
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the main sources of dietary sodium and potassium intake in Koreans by gender, age and regions. Methods: We used the data from 2010-2012 KNHANES. A total of 20,387 subjects aged 8 years and older were included. Intakes were compared by gender, age (8-18, 19-49 and >50 years) and geographical regions in Korea. Dishes were classified into 28 dish groups based on cooking methods. Statistical analysis was performed by using the SAS 9.3 and SUDAAN 11.0.1 software. Results: The mean sodium intake of Koreans was $4866.5{\pm}35.9mg/day$, which was 2.4 times higher than the adequate intake (AI) of sodium for Koreans. We found that daily sodium intakes were significantly different by age, gender and regions. Men and aged over 50 years had significantly higher sodium intake than women and other age groups. The mean potassium intake in Koreans was $3002.2{\pm}19.4mg/day$ and daily potassium intakes were significantly different by age, gender and regions. Women and age 50 years and over had significantly higher potassium intakes than men and other age groups. The average Na/K ratio was $2.89{\pm}0.01$ and was highest in men and in the age group of 19-49 years. The major sources of dietary sodium were soup and stew, followed by Kimchi, noodles and dumpling, pickled vegetables and seasonings, which represented 63.1 % of total sodium intakes. Soup and stew or Kimchi were the primary sources of dietary sodium intake. The major sources of dietary potassium were cooked rice, followed by soup and stew, Kimchi, fruits and beverages. Conclusions: Sodium and potassium intakes and the major sources of those were significantly different by gender, age groups and regions. Therefore, different approaches based on gender, age and regions are needed to decrease sodium intake and increase potassium intake.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2895-2899
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• 2016

Background: Increasing breast cancer (BC) incidence rates have been reported from India; causal factors for this increased incidence are not understood and diagnosis is mostly in advanced stages. Trivandrum exhibits the highest BC incidence rates in India. This study aimed to estimate trends in incidence by age from 2005-2014, to predict rates through 2020 and to assess the stage at diagnosis of BC in Trivandrum. Materials and Methods: BC cases were obtained from the Population Based Cancer Registry, Trivandrum. Distribution of stage at diagnosis and incidence rates of BC [Age-specific (ASpR), crude (CR) and age-standardized (ASR)] are described and employed with a joinpoint regression model to estimate average annual percent changes (AAPC) and a Bayesian model to estimate predictive rates. Results: BC accounts for 31% (2681/8737) of all female cancers in Trivandrum. Thirty-five percent (944/2681) are <50 years of age and only 9% present with stage I disease. Average age increased from 53 to 56.4 years (p=0.0001), CR (per $10^5$ women) increased from 39 (ASR: 35.2) to 55.4 (ASR: 43.4), AAPC for CR was 5.0 (p=0.001) and ASR was 3.1 (p=0.001). Rates increased from 50 years. Predicted ASpR is 174 in 50-59 years, 231 in > 60 years and overall CR is 80 (ASR: 57) for 2019-20. Conclusions: BC, mostly diagnosed in advanced stages, is rising rapidly in South India with large increases likely in the future; particularly among post-menopausal women. This increase might be due to aging and/or changes in lifestyle factors. Reasons for the increased incidence and late stage diagnosis need to be studied.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.653-660
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• 2007

South and North Koreas are putting forth efforts to overcome the distrust and animosity of the past 50 years to open an era of harmony and cooperation where the two halves can work together for mutual benefits. As part of those efforts, both parties are working now to reconnect the railways between the North and the South that remained broken for the past 60 years. The South and North have had different railway systems for more than 50 years. To solve these complicated issues, appropriate investigation and analysis of North Korea railway system should be proceeded. It is necessary to study the railway system and integration methodology for effective operation of the two korea's railway systems. Therefore, in this study, effective unification scheme of South and North Korea railway system is proposed based on appropriate investigation about operation of inter-Korea railway system.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.293-299
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• 2009

Wintering migratory species of white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) are common visitor in South Korea, and this study examined the survivorship of white-fronted geese in the Junam Reservoir with the application of Population Viability Analysis (PVA) technique. In Junam PVA analysis was done for the next 50 years using factors of breeding population, sex ratios, survivorship in the VORTEX program. As a result white-fronted geese will reach to carrying capacity within 40 years, and population will reach to carrying capacity later when it becomes smaller. Also with a large initial population white-fronted geese will reach to carrying capacity earlier. In conclusion, for the next 50 years the white-fronted geese are expected to a long-term survival with stable condition with survivorship (0.03) and extinction rate (0.0).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 2021

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cattle and goats from southern region of Korea was analyzed. From January to December 2020, 1,409 samples of bulk-tank milk, cattle serum and goat serum were collected and analyzed using ELISA. The prevalence of antibodies in collected was 72.6% (501/682), 4.1% (21/515) and 10.4% (22/212). By age, the seroprevalence of cattle was 2.4%, 4.1%, 5.3% (<2 years, 2~5 years, ≥6 years). In bulk-tank milk of dairy cattle according to region was Gyeongnam 45.5%, Gyeongbuk 77.5%, Daegu 70.0%, Jeonnam 50.0% and Chungbuk 50.0%. And seroprevalence of goats was 10.4% (22/212).