• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.127-135
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• 2003

Objectives : Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most devastating types of stroke. The effect of acupuncture on the intrastriatal hemorrhage-induced neuronal cell death and cell proliferation in rats is examined. Methods : Cell death and cell proliferation in rats was investigated via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Results : Results showed that apoptotic cell death in the striatum and cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus significantly increased following intrastriatal hemorrhage in rats, and that acupunctural treatment at the Zusanli acupoint suppressed the hemorrhage-induced increase in apoptosis in the striatum and cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus. Conclusions : It is suggested that acupunctural treatment, especially at the Zusanli acupoint, may aid recovery following central nervous system sequelae following ICH.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2013

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Cinnamomum cassia Blume (CC) extract on the repair of damaged cartilage in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA) by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and medial meniscus resection (MMx). Forty-eight rats were assigned to six groups (n = 8 per group): sham as negative control (NC), positive control (PC), diclofenac sodium (DS, 2 mg/kg), CC 25 mg/kg, CC 50 mg/kg and CC 100 mg/kg groups. Treatments were 12 weeks from 7 days after ACLT + MMx. Loss of cartilage and joint instability were significantly reduced in response to treatment with CC or DS compared to the PC (p < 0.05). CC significantly ameliorated cartilage degradation in a dose-dependent manner as assessed by histological findings (p < 0.01). A reduction in the severity of structural changes and a dose-dependent increase in Safranin-O staining intensity were observed in CC treatments, indicating that cartilage degradation was inhibited. Although DS did not affect the increase in active caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-induced apoptosis during the progression of OA, cells reactive to these apoptotic markers were decreased significantly by CC (p < 0.05). However, treatments with CC or DS did not influence the uptake of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. The findings suggest that CC can exert a chondroprotective action on OA through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2008

Backgrounds: Singihwan is used "to strengthen inborn energy" and we suspected a protective effect on brain neuron cells. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Singihwan (SGH) on traumatic brain injury-induced delayed apoptosis in rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. Methods: For a surgical induction of traumatic brain injury (TBI), a 5 mm diameter stainless rod was used to make traumatic attack from the surface of the brain used by an impactor. The protective effect of the aqueous extract of SGH against TBI in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus was investigated by using step-down avoidance task, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, Bax immunohistochemistry, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. Results: The aqueous extract of SGH suppressed the TBI-induced increase in apoptosis and cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Conclusions: It is possible that the aqueous extract of SGH has a neuroprotective effect on TBI-induced neuronal cell death.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.552-562
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• 1994

The study was designed to observe the effect of different dietary fats on the incidence of colorectal tumor and in vivo cell proliferation in colon carcinogenesis. Male Sprague Dawley rats were intrarectally infused with chemical carcinogen(methylnitrosourea, MNU) and fed 16%(w/w) fat diet containing one of dietary fats(beef tallow, corn oil, perilla oil) for 30 weeks. To measure in vivo cell proliferation, the incorporation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine(BrdU) into DNA was localized using the monoclonal anti-BrdU antibody. Large number of tumors were found in the distal colon and tumor incidence was increased in the order of perilla oil(57.7%)$\alpha$-linolenic acid rich in perilla oil could have a protective effect against colon cancer compared to saturated fatty acid or n-6 linoleic acid.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2017

Objectives: We investigated the effect of acupuncture on memory function in relation with neurogenesis in old rats. Methods: In this study, a step-down avoidance task for short-term memory and Y-maze task for spatial memory capability were conducted. Western blot analysis for brain-derived neurotorphic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), and immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) were performed. Results: Short-term memory and spatial memories were decreased in the old-aged rats. Expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were significantly decreased in the old-aged rats. Neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was also decreased in the old-aged rats. However, acupuncture treatment alleviated impairment of short-term and spatial memories induced by ageing. Acupuncture also increased the expressions of BDNF and TrkB and enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The present study showed that acupuncture alleviated ageing-induced short-term and spatial memory loss by increasing of BDNF and neurogenesis. Acupuncture at ST41-acupoint showed most potent effect than at ST36-acupoint or non-acupoint. Conclusions: Acupuncture might be used as the effective therapeutic modality to ameliorate the age-related decrease of brain functions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.201-205
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• 2019

This study presents neurogenesis and neuronal migration patterns of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons during mesencephalic development of mouse. After neurons from embryonic day (E) 10-16 were labelled by a single injection of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), immunohistochemistry was performed. Neurogenesis were mainly generated in the mesencephalic region at E10 to E13. After E14, BrdU positive cells were observed only in the dorsal mesencephalon. GABAergic neurons were mainly originated in the ventrolateral region of the mesencephalon at the early embryonic stage, especially at E11 to E13. E10-labeled cells showed positive for GABAergic neuron in the basal plate of the mesencephalon at E13. At E15, GABAergic neurons were observed in the entire basal plate and some regions of the ventral and dorsal mesencephalon. They were present in the whole basal plate, the ventral and dorsal mesencephalon of E17, spreading more outward of the mesencephalon at P0. Our study demonstrates that major neurogenesis of GABAergic neurons occurs at E11 to E13. However, neuronal migration continues until neonatal period during mesencephalic development.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.105-115
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• 2006

Fucoidan has been shown to exhibit a host of biological activities, including anti-coagulant, anti-thrombotic, anti-tumourigenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-complementary and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we attempted to determine the effects of Fucoidan on both apoptosis and cell proliferation in the hippocampal CA1 region and the dentate gyrus of gerbils after the induction of transient global ischemia. This experiment involved the use of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay as well as immunohistochemisty for caspase-3 and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). The monosaccharide composition of the purified Fucoidan which had been extracted from Laminaria religiosa was utilized in this study. The present study clearly induces that apoptotic cell death and cell proliferation in the gerbil's hippocampal regions increased significantly following the induction of transient global ischemia and the results of this study also indicate that Fucoidan exerted a suppressive effect on this observed ischemia-induced increase in apoptosis within the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and also suppressed cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1773-1778
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• 2008

Two experiments were carried out to study the effects of corticosterone (CORT) administration on intestinal morphology and function of broilers. In both experiments, birds were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group was the control group (CTRL), and the birds were fed with a basal diet. The other was the experimental group (CORT), and the birds were fed with the basal diet plus 30 mg of CORT/kg diet. At 21 days of age, performance, morphological characteristics of intestine, D-xylose level in plasma, activities of digestive enzymes in digesta, digestibility of nutrients and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-labeling index of intestinal epithelial cells were determined. CORT administration decreased feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). CORT also decreased duodenal and jejunal villus height (p<0.05) as well as crypt depth (p<0.05). The D-xylose level in plasma of CORT-treated broilers was lower than that of the control (p<0.05). CORT treatment caused a decrease in apparent digestibility of protein (p<0.05), whereas fat and starch apparent digestibilities were unaffected (p>0.05). CORT administration increased activities of trypsin and amylase (p<0.05), and decreased BrdUrd-labeling index of duodenal and jejunal epithelial cells (p<0.05). In conclusion, CORT administration impaired the normal morphology and absorptive capacity of the small intestine of broiler chickens.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and telomerase are considered attractive targets for anticancer therapy. The in vitro anticancer activity of the gold(I) compound auranofin was investigated using MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells, in which STAT3 is constitutively active. In cell culture, auranofin inhibited growth in a dose-dependent manner, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), markedly blocked the effect of auranofin. Incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into DNA and anchorage-independent cell growth on soft agar were decreased by auranofin treatment. STAT3 phosphorylation and telomerase activity were also attenuated in cells exposed to auranofin, but NAC pretreatment restored STAT3 phosphorylation and telomerase activity in these cells. These findings indicate that auranofin exerts in vitro antitumor effects in MDA-MB 231 cells and its activity involves inhibition of STAT3 and telomerase. Thus, auranofin shows potential as a novel anticancer drug that targets STAT3 and telomerase.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.200-206
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• 2012

Induction of neurogenesis can occur in the hippocampus in response to various pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes that occur in endogenous neural stem cells in response to amyloid beta $(A{\beta})_{25-35}$-induced neuronal cell damage in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Cresyl violet staining and Fluoro-Jade B staining were used to detect neuronal cell damage and changes of mossy fiber terminals were observed by Timm's staining. The immunofl uorescence staining was used to detect the newly generated cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus with specific marker, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), Ki-67, Nestin, and doublecortin (DCX). In compared to control slices, neuronal cell damage was observed and the mossy fibers were expanded to CA3 area by treatment with $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. Ki-67/Nestin- and BrdU/DCX-positive cells were detected in the SGZ. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that $A{\beta}$-induced neuronal damage results in an increase in endogenous neural stem cells in rat hippocampal slice cultures not only for gliosis but also for neurogenesis.