• 공업화학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.491-495
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• 1999

졸겔법에 의하여 리튬전지용 $Ni_{0.2}V_2O_5$ aerogel (ARG) 양극 소재를 개발하여 전기화학적 특성을 조사하였다. ARG는 무정형의 층상화합물로 $400^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 열처리할 경우 orthorhombic 구조로 전환되었으며, 표면구조는 섬유 모양의 단위체가 서로 얽혀 일정한 방향으로 성장하여 비등방성 sheet를 형성하고 있다. 리튬 이온이 층간 삽입될 수 있는 다수의 특정한 에너지 준위의 자리가 ARG내에 존재하며, 전지의 평균전위는 3.1 V (vs. $Li/Li^+$) 이었다. ARG 리튬이차전지의 계면저항은 ARG층 내 리튬 몰분율에 상관없이 일정한 반면, 전하이동저항은 개로전압에서 최대이며 ARG내 리튬 이온의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.650-654
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• 2006

[ $LiNi_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.3}O_2$ ] cathode material was synthesized by a mixed hydroxide method. Structural characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction studies. Electrochemical studies were performed by assembling 2032 coin cells with lithium metal as an anode. DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry) data showed that exothermic reactions of $LiNi_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.3}O_2$ charged to 4.3 V versus Li started at high temperatures$(280\sim390^{\circ}C)$. The cell of $LiNi_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.3}O_2$ mixed cathode delivered a discharge capacity of 150 mAh/g at a 0.2 C rate. The capacity of the cell decreased with the current rate and a useful capacity of 134 mAh/g was obtained at a 2 C rate. The reversible capacity after 100th cycles was 126 mAh/g when a cell was cycled at a current rate of 0.5 C in $2.8\sim4.3V$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.498-499
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• 2007

In this paper, we report on a study of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces of MCMB/$LiCoO_2$ cell using Ion-chromatography. The cells for the experiments were preconditioned by cycling three times and stabilized at OCV of 3.0V 4.35V and 4.5V. The stabilized cathode electrode was used for surface characterization investigations. Concerning the $LiCoO_2$/electrolyte interfaces, the result obtained have shown the presence of $F^-\;and\;CO_3^{2-}$ on the surface of cathode electrode as well as increasing the concentration of ions as cell voltage increase.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.723-728
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• 2009

The response property of the CZT detector ($5{\times}5{\times}5\;mm^3$), widely used in photon spectroscopy, was evaluated by considering the charge collection efficiency, which depends on the interaction position of incident radiation, A quantitative analysis of the energy spectra obtained from the CZT detector was also performed to investigate the tail effect at the low energy side of the full energy peak. The collection efficiency of electrons and holes to the two electrodes (i.e., cathode and anode) was calculated from the Hecht equation, and radiation transport analysis was performed by two Monte Carlo codes, Geant4 and MCNPX. The radiation source was assumed to be 59.5 keV gamma rays emitted from a $^{241}Am$ source into the cathode surface of this detector, and the detector was assumed to be biased to 500 V between the two electrodes. Through the comparison of the results between the Geant4 calculation considering the charge collection efficiency and the ideal case from MCNPX, an pronounced difference of 4 keV was found in the full energy peak position. The tail effect at the low energy side of the full energy peak was confirmed to be caused by the collection efficiency of electrons and holes. In more detail, it was shown that the tail height caused by the charge collection efficiency went up to 1000 times the pulse height in the same energy bin at the calculation without considering the charge collection efficiency. It is, therefore, apparent that research considering the charge collection efficiency is necessary in order to properly analyze the characteristics of CZT detectors.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2004

액정 디스플레이의 백라이트에 사용되는 냉음극 방전램프(CCFL: Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) 구동을 위해 압전 변압기(Piezoelectric Transformer)를 사용하였으며, 최적 파라미터를 선정하여 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 적용한 압전 인버터로는 푸시-풀(Push-Pull)회로와 하프-브리지(Half-Bridge) 회로이며, 휘도 제어기법으로는 각각 아날로그(Analog) 방식과 버스트(Burst) 방식을 사용하였다. 푸시-풀 인버터의 경우 아날로그 제어방식으로 제어전압 2.5-4.5V에서 출력전류 1-6mA로 휘도 0-100% 특성을 보였다. 입출력 효율로 90.3%를 얻었으며, 하프브리지 인버터에 적용한 버스트 제어방식에서는 듀티비 5-50%에서 1-6mA의 제어 성능을 보였으며, 인버터의 입출력 효율은 82.1%를 얻었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1044-1049
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• 2006

We reported on characteristics of the fluorescent OLED fabricated on commercial ITO/glass and BCS grown IZO/glass substrate, respectively. The amorphous IZO anode film grown by box cathode sputtering(BCS) exhibited similar electrical and optical characteristics to commercial ITO anode even though it was deposited at room temperature. In addition, the amorphous IZO anode showed higher workfunction (5.2 eV) than that of the commercial ITO anode (5.0 eV) after ozone treatment for 10 min. Furthermore, fluorescent OLED fabricated on amorphous IZO anode film showed improved current-voltage-luminance characteristics, external quantum efficiency and power efficiency en contrast with fluorescent OLED fabricated on commercial ITO anode film. It was thought that smooth surface and high workfunction of amorphous IZO anode lead to more efficient hole injection by reduction of interface barrier height between anode and organic layers.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.260-264
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• 2007

We have studied stability in organic light-emitting diode depending on buffer layer and cathode. A transparent electrode of indium-tin-oxide(ITO) was used as an anode. An electron injection energy barrier into organic material is different depending on a work function of cathodes. Theoretically, the energy barriers for the electron injection are 1.2 eV, -0.1 eV, and 0.0 eV for Al, LiAl, and LiF/Al at 300 K, respectively. We considered the cases that holes are injected to organic light-emitting diode. The hole injection energy barrier is about 0.7 eV between ITO and TPD without buffer layer. For hole-injection buffer layers of CuPc and PEDOT:PSS, the hole injection energy barriers are 0.4 eV and 0.5 eV, respectively. When the buffer layer of CuPc and PEDOT:PSS is existed, we observed the effects of hole injection energy barrier, and a reduction of operating-voltage. However, in case of PVK buffer layer, the hole injection energy barrier becomes high(1.0 eV). Even though the operating voltage becomes high, the efficiency is improved. A device structure for optimal lifetime condition is ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TPD/$Alq_3$/LiAl at an initial luminance of $300cd/m^2$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.733-738
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 고체 리듐 전지를 개발하기 위하여 poly(ethylene oxide) [PEO] 에 $LiClO_4$, poly (vinylidene fluoride) [PVDF] 및 가소제로 propylene carbonate [PC] 와 ethylene carbonate[EC] 등을 혼합여 고분자 저해질을 제조하였다. 또한 고체 리듐 전지용 정극으로써 우수한 특성이 기대되는 $Li_xV_3O_8$을 졸-겔법에 의해 합성하여 $Li_xV_3O_8$SPE/Li cell 의 전기화학적 특성을 측정하였다. 고분자 matrix는 PEO와 PVDE를 혼합 사용한 결과 $PEO_4 PVDF_4LiCIO_4PC_5EC_5$ 고분자 전해질이 상온에서 $5.2 {\times} 10{-3}$ S/cm 의 높은 이온 전도도를 나타냈으며 리듐 이온 transference number는 0.3이었다. 졸-겔법에 의해 제조된 $Li_xV_3O_8$을 사용한 $Li_xV_3O_8$SPE/Li cell의 방전시 cell 저항이 방전 초기에는 비소한 증가를 하다가 방전 말기 전압인 2.0V에서 크게 증가하였다. $Li_xV_3O_8$ composite 정극의 첫 번째 방전 용량은 295㎃h/g이었으며 8번째 충방전 싸이클부터 방전 용량이 안정화 되었고 15번째 방전 용량도 212㎃h/g으로 고체 전지용 정극으로써 우수한 특성을 보였다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2010

초고주파 다중 중공 음극 방전을 이용한 플라즈마 화학 기상 증착 장치를 3차원 수치 모델링하였다. 기본적인 방전 특성을 파악하기 위하여 알곤 플라즈마를 40 MHz, 100 V, 133.3 Pa (1 Torr)의 조건에 대해서 계산하였다. 6 mm 직경의 홀을 20 mm 간격으로 배열하였고 전극 간격은 10 mm를 가정하였다. 피크 플라즈마 밀도는 홀의 하부 중앙에서 $5{\times}10^{11}#/cm^3$ 였으며 전자 온도는 접지 상태로 가정한 기판과 챔버 벽면 주위에서 가장 높았다. 준안정 상태에 의한 2단 이온화 속도는 전자 충돌에 의한 직접 이온화보다 10배 가량 높았다. 수소에 대한 계산에서는 이온화 이외의 다양한 에너지 소모 경로가 있어서 방전의 국재화가 잘 이루어지지 않았다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.3233-3237
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• 2010

A $Li[Ni_{0.3}Co_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}]O_2$ cathode was modified by coating with Li-La-Ti-O, and the effect of the coating thickness on their electrochemical properties was studied. The thickness of the coating on the surface of $Li[Ni_{0.3}Co_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}]O_2$ was increased by increasing the wt % of the coating material. The rate capability of the Li-La-Ti-O-coated electrode was superior to that of the pristine sample. 1- and 2-wt %-coated samples showed considerable improvement in capacity retention at high C rates. However, the rate capability of a 5-wt %-coated sample decreased. All the coated samples showed a high discharge capacity and slightly improved cyclic performance under a high cut-off voltage (4.8 V) condition. Results of a storage test confirmed that the Li-La-Ti-O coating layer was effective in suppressing the dissolution of the transition metals as it offered protection from the attack of the acidic electrolyte. In particular, the 2- and 5-wt %-coated samples showed a better protection effect than the 1-wt %-coated sample.