• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.303-313
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• 1997

The role of the lower esophageal sphincter(LES) is characterized by the ability to maintain tone and to relax allowing the passage of a bolus. It is known that LES relaxation during swallowing may be induced by the cessation of the tonic neural excitation and the activation of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic(NANC) inhibitory neurons. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that the relaxation of the smooth muscle is mediated primarily by the elaboration of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate(cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic mono-phosphate(cyclic GMP) via activation of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase, respectively. It is thus possible that cyclic nucleotides might be a second messenger involved in neural stimulation-induced relaxation of LES, although a relationship between relaxation and changes in cyclic nucleotides after neural stimulation has not been established. The present study was performed to define the participation of cyclic nucleotides in the relaxation of LES of dog in response to neural stimulation. Electrical field stimulation(EFS) caused relaxation of the canine isolated LES strips in a frequency-dependent manner, which was eliminated by pretreatment with tetrodotoxin$(1{\mu}M)$, but not by atropine$(100{\mu}M)$, guanethidine$(100{\mu}M)$ and indomethacin$(10{\mu}M)$. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$, $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester and $N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine$ inhibited EFS-induced relaxation. Additions of sodium nitroprusside, a nitrovasodilator and forskolin, a direct adenylate cyclase stimulant, caused a dose-dependent relaxation of LES smooth muscle. Effects of sodium nitroprusside and forskolin were selectively blocked by the corresponding inhibitors, methylene blue for guanylate cyclase and N-ethylmaleimide(NEM) for adenylate cyclase, respectively. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic GMP caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of the LES smooth muscle tone, which was not blocked by NEM or methylene blue, respectively. However, both NEM and methylene blue caused significant antagonism of the relaxation in LES tone in response to EFS. EFS increased the tissue cyclic GMP content by 124%, whereas it did not affect the tissue level of cyclic AMP. Based on these results, it is suggested that one of the components of canine LES smooth muscle relaxation in response to neural stimulation is mediated by an increase of cyclic GMP via the activation of guanylate cyclase. Additionally, an activation of cyclic AMP generation system was, in part, involved in the EFS-induced relaxation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.150-158
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• 1993

우렁쉥이의 식품학적 가치와 성분적 특성을 밝히는 일환으로 정미성분을 포함한 엑스성분과 그 계절적 변화를 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 우렁쉥이의 계절적 Ex-질소량은 4월에 250mg/100g에서 9월에 330mg/100g으로 점점 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 2. 우렁쉥이의 유리아미노산중 taurine, proline, glutamic acid, alanine, glycine의 함량이 높았다. 3. 핵산관련물질중 AMP의 함량이 높았다. 4. Glycinebetain의 함량이 homarine보다 훨씬 높았으며 9월에 특히 많았고, 그 계절적 변화는 엑스분질소 및 유리아미노산의 변화와 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 5. 우렁쉥이의 엑스분질소중 함질소엑스성분이 차지하는 조성은 유리아미노산이 $60{\sim}62\%$로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 betaine $12{\sim}16\%$, 핵산관련물질 $5{\sim}9\%$, TMAO 및 TNIA 총 creatinine의 순이었다. 6. 우렁쉥이의 유기산은 succinic, malic, lactic 및 pyroglutaric acid가 전체 유기산의 $84\%$ 이상을 차지하며 succinic acid의 함량이 가장 높았다. 7. Omission test 결과 우렁쉥이 맛은 유리아미노산, betaine류, 핵산관련물질, 불휘발성 유기산 순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1983

Hydrocortisone 5 mg/kg which exerts minimal effect on the renal function and furosemide 1 mg/kg which induces moderate amount of diuresis were injected intraperitoneally to study their effects on the renal cyclic nucleotides content in rats. 1) The renal tissue levels of cAMP were significantly increased by administration of hydrocortisone, but there was no significant change in the furosemide group compared with that of saline treated control group. Moderate elevation in renal cAMP level was noted by the combined administration of hydrocortisone and furosemide, but this elevation was less than that of hvdrocortisone treated group. 2) The renal cGMP level did not show nay remarkable change after the administration of hydrocortisone, however, there were a significant increase by the administration of furosemide alone or combination of both drugs. The level of renal cGMP was higher and maintained longer in the combined treated group than furosemide treated group. The result of this experiment indicates that the potentiating effect of hydrocortisone on the diuretic action of furosemide nay be related to the renal levels of cGMP rather than that of cAMP.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2011

The genome of a potyvirus isolate associated with chlorotic spots and vein banding symptoms on Spathiphyllum spp., in Andhra Pradesh state, India was amplified by RT-PCR using degenerate potyvirus primers, amplicons cloned, and sequence (1.6 kb) analyzed. This virus isolate shared maximum identity of 74.8% and 80.2% at coat protein (CP) gene nucleotide (906 nucleotides) and amino acid (302 amino acids) levels, respectively with Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)-M13 isolate reported from China. But its 3'-UTR (258 nucleotides) had maximum identity of 62.5% with DsMV-Vietnam isolate. The deduced molecular weight of CP is 33.57 kDa and it contained DAG triplet in its N-terminal region. In CP amino acid based phylogenetic analysis, this virus isolate represented a separate branch but closer to DsMV isolates cluster. Based on the molecular criteria set for the discrimination of species and genus in the Potyviridae family, the present virus isolate was identified as a distinct virus species in the genus Potyvirus and proposed the name Spathiphyllum chlorotic vein banding virus (SCVbV).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.223-226
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• 1985

동죽은 자숙하여 천일건조시료, 열풍건조시료로 만들어서 일반성분과 정미성분으로 알려져 있는 핵산관련물질, 유리아미노산, glycogen의 함량의 변화를 비교하였다. 일반성분은 가공전후에서 큰 차이가 없었으나 회분함량은 가공후 21.5%가 증가하였다. 핵산관련 물질은 생시료에는 ATP, ADP, IMP 및 Hypoxanthine이 많았으나 건조시료에서는 ATP는 상당량(78%)줄었고 다른 핵산관련물질도 모두 줄어들었다. 유리아미노산은 glycine, alanine 및 arginine이 전체 유리아미노산의 85%를 차지하고 있었으며 건조후 유리아미노산은 전체적으로 생시료의 60%정도를 함유하고 있었다. 동죽자건품의 중요한 정미성분은 glycine, alanine, arginine과 같은 유리아미노산 및 ATP 분해생성물이라고 추정할 수 있다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2002

We have cloned and characterized the complete fibroin light chain gene from the silkworm Baekok-Jam, Bombyx mori, a recommended variety in Korea. It consists of seven exons and six introns. It consists of 14,663 nucleotides long with an open reading frame of 786 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 262 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of approximately 26,000 dalton. The amino acid alignment revealed that the Baekok-Jam fibroin light chain had 98.5 % protein sequence identity to J139 strain: differed at four amino acid positions (11, 46, 80 and 123). The Northern hybridization analysis showed that the Baekok-Jam fibroin light chain gene was specifically expressed in the posterior silk gland.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2000

We have determined and analyzed the full-length cDNA sequence of a coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) Korean isolate (CVB3-Korea/97) which has been known as a general human pathogen. The whole genome contains 7,400 nucleotides and has a single large open reading frame with 6,555 nucleotides that encodes a potential polyprotein precursor of 2,185 amino acids. The genome also contains a 5' non-coding region (NCR) of 741 bases and a 3' NCR of 104 bases followed by poly(A) tail. Sequence homologies of nucleotides and deduced amino acids between the CVB3-Korea/97 strain and the prototype (Nancy strain) were 81.7% and 91.5%, respectively. The genes encoding the functional proteins including viral protease and RNA dependent RNA polymerase showed higher homology than those encoding the structural proteins. We have further analyzed the sequences of 5' NCR, VP1 and VP2 of CVB3-Korea/97, which are known as cardiovirulent determining factors at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Although the CVB 3-Korea/97 strain was isolated from an aseptic meningitis patient without cardiomyopathy, its 234th nucleotide and 165th amino acid were uracil and Asn as same as those of other cardiovirulent strains one. However, the 155th amino acid of VP1, which closely associated with cardiovirulence, was replaced with $Arg^{155}$ by single nucleotide substitution from $A^{2916}$ to $T^{2916}$. Moreover, additional amino acid substitutions were observed in the flanking region of $Asp^{155}$. Taken together, amino acid(s) substitution in VP1 may playa critical role in determining cardiovirulence of the CVB3-Korea/97 strain rather than individual nucleotide replacements in the 5' NCR and/or an amino acid substitution in VP2.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2000

분말 다시마로부터 정미성분의 효과적인 추출방법과 분말 조미료의 제조 조건을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 다시마에 함유된 정미성분의 추출은 열수 추출이나 효소분해 법보다 70% ethyl alcohol 처리가 효과적이었으며, 분말제품의 수율을 높이기 위해서는 잔사를 다시 열수 추출시키는 것이 효과적이었다. 다시마 분말에 70% ethyl alcohol을 5배량 가하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 추출하고 여과한 잔사에 다시 물을 15배 가하여 7$0^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 동안 추출하였을 때 고형물의 농도는 14.9%였다. 다시마 분말조미료는 ethyl alcohol 추출액을 막으로 통과시켜 분자량 5,000 dal-ton이하 범위로 분획한 액을 진공동결건조하여 제품으로 하였다. 다시마 분말조미료 제품의 조성 중 탄수화물 함량이 64.9%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 총질소량 및 아미노질소량은 3.7% 및 2.1%로 나타나 총질소량에 대한 아미노질소량의 비율은 56.8%이었다. 그리고 상대습도 0.88에서의 흡습성은 8.4%, 용해성은 98.3%, 건조수율은 14.7%였다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2021

국내의 주요 산느타리 품종인 호산47(일핵, 산타리 배우자), GB19(일핵, 산타리 배우자), 호산, 여름느타리1호, 삼복, 강산, 약산, 자산, 향산, 여름느타리2호의 유전체를 Hiseq을 이용하여 해독하였고 이 서열 정보에서 SSR을 분리하여 특성구명을 하였다. 일핵균사인 호산 47, GB19의 유전체의 크기는 각각 37.3와 37.2 Mbp이고, 이핵균사인 나머지 산느타리 품종의 유전체 크기는 47.1~61.1 Mbp인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 품종별 총 SSR의 수는 HS47이 711개로 가장 적고, 강산이(GS)이 1.5배 많은 1,106개로 최다를 기록하였다. SSR의 repeat motif 중에서 hexanucleotide와 octanucleotide가 가장 많은 빈도로 관찰되었고, 가장 많이 관찰되는 반복서열은 CGA/TCG, A/T, CTC/GAG이었다. SSR의 길이는 모든 품종에서 변이가 많아 유용성이 높은 20~30 nt가 가장 높은 비중인 70%를 차지하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 1984

우리나라의 하천에 분포(分布)하고 있는 담수어(談水魚)의 식품학적(食品學的)인 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고져 비교적(比較的) 희귀종(稀貴種)에 속(屬)는 은어, 누치, 쏘가리 및 밀어 배육중(背肉中)의 핵산관련물질(核驗關聯物質), 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸) 및 구성(構成)아미노산(酸)을 분석(分析)하였다. 핵산관련물질(核酸關聯物質)은 IMP가 월등히 많아 은어, 누치, 쏘가리 및 밀어 배육중(背肉中)에 $10.7{\sim}19.5{\mu}mole/g$의 범위였다. UMP 및 hypoxanthine은 $2.0{\mu}mole/g$ 이하였고. GMP와 inosine은 흔적량에 불과하였다. 그리고 AMP는 은어 배육(背肉) 및 밀어 배육(背肉)에서 각각 2.0, $2.7{\mu}mole/g$으로 검출(檢出)되었으나 누치와 쏘가리 배육(背肉)에서는 흔적량으로 검출(檢出)되었다. 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸) 조성(組成)을 보면 은어 배육(背肉)의 엑스분중(分中)에는 taurine 및 histidine이 각각 전체(全體)의 36.6%, 15.4%, 누치 배육(背肉)에는 taurine, glycine 및 histidine이 각각(各各) 21.2${\sim}$29.0%, 쏘가리 배육(背肉)에는 taurine, histidine 및 alanine이 각각(各各) 14.5${\sim}$31.8%, 밀어 배육(背肉)에는 taurine, proline 및 threonine이 9.1${\sim}$31.2%로서 비교적(比較的) 많은 함량(含量)이 검출(檢出)되었다. 구성(構成)아미노산(酸) 은어 배육중(背肉中)에는 glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid 및 lysine이 총(總) 구성(構成)아미노산(酸)의 44.0%, 누치 배육중(背肉中)에는 43.5%, 그리고 쏘가리 및 밀어배육중(背肉中)에는 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine 및 leucine이 각각(各各) 43.3%와 43.1%를 점유(占有)하고 있었다. glutamic acid는 어종(魚種)에 관계(關係)없이 그 함량(含量)이 가장 많았다.