• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to identify relationship between anxiety and. coping in open heart surgery patients to provide basic information for nursing intervention in stress-coping paradigm. Data were collected from Aug. 1st to Aug. 31st, 1988 through individual interview for about 30 minutes. Tools for this study were 'Spielberger's state anxiety scale and Billings & Moos' coping scale. The subjects were 29 male and 27 female patients who had open heart surgery at S.N.U.H. The data were analyzed by Mean score, Percentage, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient T-test, ANOVA test, and Cronbach's reliability test. The results were as follows. (1) The reliability of coping scale was 0.751 by Cronbach's reliability test. (2) Average coping score of those patients was 2,53 (maximum score:4) and they used equally problem focused coping and emotion focused coping. (3) There was significant difference according to religion in stress·coping(F=2,495, P<0.05) (4) The high anxieties were, the more coping were, and there was significant negative correlation in stress-coping (r=-0.2807, P<0.05)

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.562-574
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• 2017

Purpose: This study attempts to explore the subjective experience of frailty among elderly individuals in Korea. Methods: From June to August in 2014, 11 elderly persons who had experienced frailty in a community were interviewed. For data analysis, the method suggested by Colaizzi was applied as a phenomenological method. Results: According to the analysis, the study participants' frailty process was structured in seven categories: (a) 'natural phenomenon with ageing,' (b) 'life force comes to an end,' (c) 'the light in my heart turns off,' (d) 'unavoidable situation,' (e) 'continuous and connected vicious cycle,' (f) 'the limit of recovery energy already passes,' and (g) 'life is supported by someone's help.' Conclusion: The frailty experience in the participants is a natural process of aging, which cause vicious cycle acting with each other among physical, psychological, and social health. It is said that the cycle of frailty was started from weight loss and insufficient sleep, and boostered by pain. The participants from repetition of the vicious cycle become exhausted and pass the threshold of their recovery energy at some points. If they meet with sudden accidents such as falling, traffic accident and so on, they become to live a dependent life supported by someone's help in a moment. To prevent frailty and worsening conditions in Korean elderly individuals, it is recommended to provide a interventional programs using this study's results.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.70-77
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• 2006

Stress drops of Brune's single-corner ${\omega}^2$ source model were estimated for the earthquakes (2.0$M3.5{\sim}4.0$ and increase up to $M4.5{\sim}5.0$ above which the level of the stress drop could be assumed to be flat or decrease according to whether the rupture process accompanies buried fault or surface rupturing. The converted data of corner frequency and seismic moment were nicely fitted to the relation of $M_0{\propto}f^3$ but show systematically higher corner frequencies for $M_0>10^15$ Nm. This relationship enables systematic evaluation of a scaling relation between magnitude and stress drop. The inverted level of the stress drop is comparable to the recent studies conducted domestic and abroad. A result of lower stress drop estimated by Jun(1991) is supposed to be due to the use of low frequency spectra and existence of two-comer source model around the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2002

The electronic structures and magnetism of the non-oxide perovskite MgCFe$_3$(001) surface were investigated by using the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We considered both of the MgFe terminated (MgFe-Term) and the CFe terminated (CFe-Term) surfaces. We found that the minority spin d-bands of Fe(S) of the MgFe-Term are strongly localized and Fermi level (EF) lies just below the sharp peak of the minority spin d-band of Fe(S), while the minority spin d-bands of Fe(S) of the CFe-Term are not localized much and Fermi level (E$_F$) lies in the middle of two peaks of the minority spins. The majority Fe(S) d-band width of MgFe- Term is narrower than that of the CFe-Term. It is found that the magnetic moment of Fe(S) of the MgFe- Term is 2.51 ${\mu}$$_B$, which is much larger than that of 1.97 ${\mu}$$_B$ of the CFe-Term.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.288-297
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• 2014

본 연구는 정상 노인들의 삼킴관련 삶의 질을 알아보고 삼킴관련 삶의 질이 노인의 전반적인 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 이를 위해서 전라북도 지역의 만 60세 이상 노인 140명을 대상으로 SWAL-QOL, SF-36, GQOL을 실시하였으며 수집된 자료는 윈도우용 SPSS21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 정상노인들의 일반적 특성 중 연령(F=7.76, p<.01)과 사레 유무(t=-4.44, p<.01)는 집단간 삼킴관련 삶의 질에 유의미한 차이가 있었지만 사레유무만이 삼킴관련 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 변인으로 밝혀졌다. SWAL-QOL은 SF-36(r=.39, p<.01)과 GQOL(r=.33, p<.01)과 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 SWAL-QOL은 SF-36(F=70.62, p<0.000)와 GQOL(F=46.44, p<0.000)에 각각 36%와 25% 정도의 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 노인의 삼킴관련 삶의 질과 전반적인 삶의 질을 향상시키는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.591-607
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 생물학적 바이오마커, 물리적 서식지 지표 및 화학적 수질지표를 종합하여 12-메트릭 생태평가 모형을 확립하였고, 도심하천에 적용하여 수생태계 평가를 실시하였다. 생태모형 적용을 위해 도심하천의 상류역의 대조군 지역($C_Z$), 중류의 전이대($T_Z$) 및 하류역의 오염지역(IZ)을 선정한 후, 모델값에 대한 계절별 변이특성을 분석하였다. DNA 손상도 분석은 혈액을 이용한 단세포 전기영동법(Single-cell gel electrophoresis, SCGE)인 Comet assay 지표에 의거한 생지표 메트릭으로 이용되었고, Tail moment, Tail DNA(%) 및 Tail length(${\mu}m$)값이 분석되었다. DNA의 손상은 하류역의 오염지역($I_Z$)에서 분명하게 나타났지만, 대조군($C_Z$) 지역에서는 그렇지 않았다. 개체군 지표로서 비만도 지수인 $C_F$ 값 분석, 체장빈도 분포 지표 및 개체 이상도(Abnormality) 지표가 생물지표로서 이용되었다. 물리적 서식지 지표는 QHEI 모델을 이용하였고, 4개 메트릭이 분석되었다. 화학적 수질지표는 부영양화 지표인 인(P)/질소(N), 화학적 산소요구량 및 전기전도도 지표가 이용되었다. 본 연구를 종합해보면, 12-메트릭 생태모형의 생지표 속성은 대조군($C_Z$)지역에 비해 오염지역($I_Z$)에서 화학적 스트레스 지표(부영양화 지표)에 아주 민감하게 반응 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 이들은 부분적으로 서식지 평가지표에 의해 영향 받는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.87-99
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• 1982

R.C.도로교(道路橋) 상부구조(上部構造)의 신뢰성(信賴性) 설계(設計) 기준(基準) 제안(提案)는 것이 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 주요 내요(內容)이다. T형 및 4각형 단면(斷面)의 저항(抵抗) 불확실량(不確實量)과 교량사하중(橋梁死荷重) 및 교통활하중(交通活荷重)에 대한 불확실량(不確實量) 우리의 현실(現實)을 반영하는 적절(適切)한 값으로 제안(提案)하였다. Cornell의 MFOSM과 Lind Hasofer의 AFOSM을 포함하는 주요 2차(次)모멘트 신뢰성(信賴性) 이론(理論)을 비교(比較) 분석(分析)하므로서 Elllngwood의 반복시행(反復試行) 알고리즘과 대수정규형(對數正規型) 근사공식(近似公式)을 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 제안(提案)하는 신뢰성(信賴性) 해석(解析) 및 설계기준(設計基準)의 유도에 사용함이 적절(適切)하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 현행(現行) 도로교(道路橋) 설계규준(設計規準)에 따라 Calibration 하므로서 목표신뢰성지수(目標信賴性指數) ${\beta}_0=3.5$를 우리의 현실(現實)을 반영하는 최적치(最適値)로 선택(選擇)하였다. 상기(上記)한 불확실량(不確實量) 해석(解析) 이론(理論)에 의해 ${\beta}_0=3.5$에 대응(對應)하는 하중(荷重) 및 저항계수(抵抗係數)를 유도하였다. 그리고 현행(現行) WSD 도로교(道路橋) 설계(設計) 규준(規準)을 위해 신뢰성(信賴性) 이론(理論)에 의한 공칭안전율(公稱安全率)과 허용응력(許容應力)을 제안(提案)하였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 제안(提案)하는 R.C.도로교(道路橋)의 LRFD 신뢰성(信賴性) 설계기준(設計基準) 현행(現行) R.C.표준설계(標準設計) 시방서(示方書)의 규준(規準)에 대응(對應)하는 설계기준(設計基準)으로 도입(導入)함이 바람직하다는 사실(事實) 확인(確認)할 수 있었다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제4권
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• pp.29-35
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• 1984

Buckling is a significant behavior to be considered whenever we design steel structures. In the case of H-shape beams, the lateral buckling occured by bending moment must be considered. Because of the lateral buckling of H-shape beams, the bending strength of the beams are determined by the lateral buckling stress instead of the allowable bending stress. Lateral buckling stress equation, consisting of two terms, i. e. ${\sigma}_{cr}({\nu},{\omega})={\sqrt{[{\sigma}_{cr}({\nu})]^2+[{\sigma}_{cr}({\omega})]^2}}$ has been using, but for the practical purpose of use the following equations are using two, i. e. ${\sigma}_{cr}({\nu})={\frac{0.65E}{{\ell}_h/A_f}}$, ${\sigma}_{cr}({\omega})={\frac{{\pi}^2E}{({\ell}_b/i_b)^2}}$. When we use the above equations, the results are different according to the shape of beam section, and they a re rather complex. In this study lateral buckling stress equation is derived, and the proposed formula$({\sigma}_{cr}(t))$ is compared with above mentioned two basic and practical equations. To verify the proposed formula experimentaly, 16H-shape beams which have different slender ratios arc tested by applying pure bending momet. Through the experiments the buckling behavior of H-shape beams is clarified, and the results shows that the proposed formula$({\sigma}_{cr}(t))$ is accurate enough for practical purpose.

• Architectural research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2005

Main objective of this research is to evaluate performance of high-strength concrete (HSC) columns for ductility and strength. Eight one-third scale columns with compressive strength of 69 MPa were subjected to a constant axial load corresponding to 30 % of the column axial load capacity and a cyclic horizontal load-inducing reversed bending moment. The variables studied in this research are the volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement (${\rho}_s=1.58$, 2.25 %), tie configuration (Type H, Type C and Type D) and tie yield strength ($f_{yh}=549$ and 779 MPa). Test results show that the flexural strength of every column exceeds the calculated flexural capacity based on the equivalent concrete stress block used in the current design code. Columns with 42 % higher amounts of transverse reinforcement than that required by seismic provisions of ACI 318-02 showed ductile behaviour, showing a displacement ductility factor (${\mu}_{{\Delta}u}$) of 3.69 to 4.85, and a curvature ductility factor (${\mu}_{{\varphi}u}$) of over 10.0. With an axial load of 30 % of the axial load capacity, it is recommended that the yield strength of transverse reinforcement be held equal to or below 549 MPa.

• 복식
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• 제23권
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• pp.183-196
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is , by analyze the relationship among clothing involvement which is major expanatory variable in the stage of product purchase and consumption, evaluation criteria of housewives, to help to give understanding the concept of involvement and to supply the fundamental data for constructing marketing stratege. The subject of this study was a 510 housewives and the items of study were three such as suit , one piece dress, blouse, skirt , and blue jean, T-shirt. For analyzing data frequency analysis, percent , mean , standard deviation , factor analysis. F-test, Duncan -test , MANOVA, t-test , and Pearson's product -moment correlation coefficient were used. The results are as follows. 1. Clothing involvement was divided into 4 dimensions such as fashion, pleasure, symbolism, and perceived risk. Evaluative criteria had 5 dimensions such as harmony , dignity , practicality , price, and fashion. 2. There was significant difference in the occupaton of working housewives and the expenditure of money on clothing concerning clothing involvement. 3. There was significant difference in items concerning the degrees of importance of each evaluation factor. Harmony was the first important dimension and practicality was the second by housewives. The degree of clothing involvement has a significant positive correlation with the factors of evaluation on each item. Each dimension of clothing involvement had a significant positive correlation with the factors of evaluation.