• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 2010

The landform of the study area is defined as a small-scale alluvial plain in the valley bottom adjacent to the coast. By the aggradation of alluvial materials, this valley bottom plain was formed in dissected parts of low hills. For the purpose of reconstructing the palaeo climate environment in this study, $\delta^{13}C$ analysis and soil organic carbon analysis are therefore employed. Main results of this study are as follows: Section I: the period of $6,600{\pm}60yr$ B.P.$-5,350{\pm}60yr$B.P. was mostly in warm and humid climate environment. A little changes of the humid environment are detected as subdry (or sub-humid)${\rightarrow}$humid in terms of the dryness and wetness. Section II: the period of $5,350{\pm}60yr$ B.P.-2,200 yr B.P. was in warm and humid climate environment, which is similar to the present. However, The sediments between $4,720{\pm}60yr$ B.P. and $4,210{\pm}50 yr$ B.P. experienced the most humid climate environment of all studied sedimentary layers. After $4,210{\pm}50 yr$ B.P., the environment started to change from the humid to the sub-humid (or sub-dry) climate. Section III: the period of 2,200 yr B.P.$-210{\pm}60 yr$ B.P. was distinguish from previous two sections as the environmental changes to sub-humid (or sub-dry) climate was apparent.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 1998

This is the review of vegetational history of the post-glacial period in Korea. most of studies for vegetational changes are located in the lowland alluvial plain, especially below the hilly zone of western and eastern coastal regions of Korea. A couple of methods, pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating, have been employed in these studies. These results lead us to establish the pollen zonation in Korea as the followings. Yasuda et al.(1980) classified six period in Yongrang lake of sokcho. These are as follow I. 17,000-15,000yr B.P.: Picea, Abies, Pinus(Haploxylon), Larix stage, II.15,000-10,000yr B.P:Herb, Pteridophyta stage, III.10.000-6,700yr BP.:Quercus stage, IV.6,700-4,500yr B.P.:Pinus, Quercus, Carpinus stage, V.4,500-1,400yr B.P.:Quercus. Pinus stage, VI.1,400yr B.P.-present: Pinus, Herbs stage. Jo(1979) also divided the period into two stages from the outcomes of analysis done in Jumoonjin and other sites I.10,000-6,000yr B.P.:Quercus stage, II.6,000-present: Pinus-Quercus stage, and three substages: IIa.6,000-3,400 yr B.P.:lower Pinus stage, IIb.3,400-2,000yr B.P.:Pinus-Quercus stage, IIc.2,000-present: Pinus stage. Choi(1993, 1996) divided the period into three stages: I.6,000-5,000yr B.P.:Alnus, Quercus stage, II.5,000-4,000yr B.P.: Alnus, Quercus, Pinus stage, III.4,500-2,600yr B.P.: Alnus, Pinus stage. In the period around 6,000yr B.P. distinct dominant species clearly occupied the lowland of the eastern and western coasts. Thus, this strongly supports the fact that even if Korea experienced its warm and wet climate after the lateglacial, it underwent a different environmental change, dry climate, compared to the regions of Japan.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 1994

The point of present study was focused on developing the method for the determination of dissociation constant by means of FIA conjunction with Diode Array Spectrphotometry or spectrophotometry along with small amount of Bromocresol Green(mg order) within short time. On the calculation with computer, the indicator with pK=7 has been shown the most sensitive reaction when little amount of base or acid has been added. The pKa of Bromothymol Blue and Bromocresol Green were measured as 7.31 and 4.82 respectively with spectrophotometry after activity correction by Kielland method (Reported value by Bishop, 7.30 and 4.79). The pKa of Bromocresol Green by FIA was obtained as 4.78 and was comparable with other values determined by other methods.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 1999

A palynological investigation of the Annyeong-ri, Hwasung-gun Gyeonggi-do, in where Yung-Nung and Gun-Nung are located, was carried out for the first time. From the pollen analysis, two pollen zones are established: Pollen Zone I : Ainus-Quercus-Pinus and Pollen Zone Ⅱ : Pinus. Pollen Zone I is characterized by Mixed coniferous and deciduous broadleaved vegetation during about 3,500 yr. B.P.-2,000 yr. B.P., while after 2,000 yr. B.P. Pollen Zone Ⅱ appears to be Coniferous vegetation and Evergreen broadleaved vegetation. The former reflects there was a lowland fluvio-lacustrine environment before fully lacustrine one which represents the latter. Pollen analysis indicates the vegetation before 2,000 yr. B.P. was controled by environmental factor such as climate conditions, whereas after that time vegetation was strongly effected by human's impact. It is concluded that pollen analysis is useful to find out the relationship between vegetation history and man's interference. In addition freshwater algae play to tell the lake environments.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1998

Characterizations of the VP4 (P type) and VP7 (G type) genes of Korean isolates of bovine rotavirus were performed using RT-PCR/RFLP and nucleotide sequencing analysis. After RT-PCR amplification of partial length (1094bp) of the VP4 and full length (1062bp) of the VP7 genes, amplified PCR products were digested with restriction endonucleases and digestion patterns were compared with those of reference rotaviruses. With the VP4 genes, four RFLP (A-D) profiles were observed; three (A, Band C) were the same as those of bovine rotavirus NCDV (P[1]), IND (P[5]) and B223 (P[11]), respectively. Profile D was the same as that of porcine rotavirus OSU (P[7]). With the VP7 genes, five RFLP profiles (I-V) were observed; three of them (I, II and III) were the same as those of bovine rotavirus NCDV (G6), Cody 1-801 (G8), and B223 (G10), respectively. Profile IV and V were atypical to those of reference bovine rotaviruses used in this study. These two profiles were identified as G6 and G5, respectively, after analyzing and comparing the nucleotide sequences. The G typing analysis revealed that 61.9% (26/42) were G6, which included G6 subtype; 28.6% (12/42) were G5; 7.1% (3/42) were G10; 2.4% (1/42) were G8. The P typing analysis revealed that 54.8% (23/42) were P[5]; 28.6% (12/42) were P[7]; 11.8% (5/42) were [11]; 4.8% (2/42) were P[1]. Our results showed that G6/P[5] were the most prevalent rotaviruses in diarrheic calves in Korea. Also, this is the first report that G5/P[7] rotaviruses were identified from cattle with diarrhea.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-19
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate and assess the response capabilities and educational needs of 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in chemical accidents. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 167 119 EMTs between December 1st and December 31, 2023. The questionnaire comprised 8 questions on general characteristics, 2 on chemical accidents experienced by the participants, 29 on response capabilities, and 15 on educational needs. Data analysis was performed using t-tests, analysis of variance, Duncan's test for post-hoc analysis, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, using SPSS 27.0. Results: The participants scored 2.69 points on response capacity to chemical accidents. The EMT-Paramedics scored high in 'patient triage,' 'patient treatment,' 'patient transport,' and 'collaborative support' (F=3.924, p=.010; F=5.843, p=.001; F=3.698, p=.013; F=5.272, p=.002), followed by educational experience (t=-4.962, p<.001; t=-2.685, p=.008; t=-3.455, p=.001; t=-3.593, p<.001; t=-3.034, p=.003). The participants scored 4.19 points on educational needs, with high scores for 'patients treatment and transport' (4.280.93). The scores for 'patient triage competency', and 'patient triage' (r=.169, p=.024) correlated positively. Furthermore, the scores for 'patient treatment competency' and all sub-factors of educational needs (r=.185, p=.013; r=.215, p=.004; r=.199, p=.008; r=.190, p=.011; r=.197, p=.008) correlated positively. Conclusion: To strengthen the response capabilities of 119 EMTs, it is imperative to develop an educational program that focuses on first-aid responses.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.74-84
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between educational environment services offered and student satisfaction with them. A survey was conducted to 314 students in a cooking and food service program. To achieve the purpose of this study, SPSS 17.0, a statistics program, was used for a descriptive analysis, a frequency analysis, a factor analysis, a multiple regression analysis, a cluster analysis and a One-Way ANOVA analysis. The hypothesis test result of the effect of educational environment services on satisfaction showed that there was a partially significant effect in satisfaction with facilities and lecturers(p<0.01) as well as administrative services (p<0.01). In the cluster analysis of educational environment services, cluster 1 was classified as a mistry cluster, cluster 2 as a satisfied cluster, cluster 3 as a dissatisfied cluster and cluster 4 as a positive cluster. They showed a statistically meaningful result in the one-way ANOV A(p<0.01).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.449-453
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• 2002

Purpose : Arterial blood gas analysis is frequently performed in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to evaluate ventilation and the metabolic state of critically ill infants. In occasions when umbilical arterial catheterization is not available, frequent arterial puncture is mandatory. This requires some technical skill and may occasionally have side effects. So we studied the validity of capillary blood gas analysis which can be performed conveniently compared with arterial blood. Methods : Twenty-four neonates admitted to NICU during April to Aug. 2001 were studied. They were more than two weeks old without indwelling arterial catheters. Thirty-six times, simultaneous arterial, and capillary blood gases were drawn by puncture and the pH, $pCO_2$ and $pO_2$ of each sample was measured. Blood pressure and body temperature was checked before sampling to rule out impaired peripheral circulation. Capillary blood was collected from warmed heels. Results : There was a strong correlation between capillary and arterial pH(r=0.91, P<0.05). The absolute value of the difference between arterial and capillary pH was less than 0.05. Also capillary $pCO_2$ showed correlation with arterial $pCO_2$(r=0.77, P<0.05). Despite a statistically significant correlation between capillary and arterial $pO_2$(r=0.68, P<0.05), the absolute value of the difference was more than 10 mmHg in 92% of cases. Conclusion : Capillary blood gases accurately reflected arterial pH and $pCO_2$ and showed a relative correlation with $pO_2$. Capillary blood gas analysis can be a useful alternative to arterial blood when continuation of the umbilical arterial catheter is no longer available.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1636-1641
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the needs for environmental improvement and dementia patients' activity of daily living (ADL) and behavior and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in dementia patients living in urban type dementia care villages. The subjects of this study were 70 households with cognitive impairment and dementia among residents of dementia care village in Gunsan City. The survey was conducted with the permission of their family. Frequency analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were performed on the main variables to analyze the characteristics of the subjects. Bivariate correlation analysis was performed to verify the relationship between the two variables. According to the analysis results, the order of environment improvement was in the order of entrance (51.4%), toilet and stairs (48.6%), kitchen (11.4%), bedroom and laundry room (10.0%). In the relationship between the variables, The ADL was correlated with age (r=.315, p <.01), BPSD (r=.322, p<.01) and living environment inconvenience (r=.640, p<.01) while, living environment inconvenience correlated with environment improvement need (r=.669, p<.01). This study suggests that improvement of the residential environment of dwellers in dementia care villages, especially the stairway and entrance hall is necessary.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.393-397
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• 2000

The cometaboic biodegradation conditionso f trichloroethylene(TCE) by Burkholderia cepacia G4 were optimized using response surface analysis. The experimental sets of phenol concentration temperature and pH were designed using central composite experimental design. The optimal conditions of phenol concentration temperature and pH were determined to be 0.91 ppm 21.5$^{\circ}C$ and 7.65 respectively by the Ridge analysis of the contour plot for TCE biodegradation rates. The TCE biodegradation rate could be enhanced up to 2.43 nmol.mg protein$.$min by response surface methodology.