• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.1052-1060
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• 2023

The airborne radiation monitoring has been used in geophysics for more than forty years and now it also has its important role in emergency monitoring. The aircraft background and the cosmic gamma-rays contribute to the measured gamma spectrum on the aircraft board. This adverse effect should be eliminated before the data processing. The paper describes two semiparametric methods to estimate the full spectrum aircraft background and cosmic gamma-ray contribution from spectra measured at altitudes where terrestrial contribution is negligible. The methods only assume to know possible peak positions in spectra and their full width at half maximum, that can be easily obtained e.g. from terrestrial measurement. The methods were applied to real experimental data acquired on Mi-17 and Bell 412 helicopter boards. The IRIS airborne gamma-ray spectrometer, with 4×4 L NaI(Tl) crystals, produced by Pico Envirotec Inc., Canada, was used on helicopters' boards. To obtain valid estimate of the aircraft background and the cosmic contribution, the measurements over sea and large water areas were carried out. However, the satisfactory results over inland were also achieved comparing with those acquired over large water areas.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose an implementation of pH reader on Android smart phone by using Eclipse and SDK. After taking a picture of pH spectrum and tested litmus paper at the same time, we save the picture. From the picture, reference values in RGB and YUB of all pH color in the spectrum are obtained and then those of a chosen point by user in the litmus paper are to be compared with. The distances between the reference colors and the litmus paper's color are measured by Euclidean distance in RGB or YUB coordinate. The nearest two pH values are taken to find the weighted average of the result. Series of test show the proposed scheme is feasible and has performance within 10% error.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.828-831
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• 1999

5,15-Bis(mesityl)-10,20-bis(4-amino)porphyrin was synthesized with meso-(mesityl)dipyrromethane and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. It was characterized with $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy, UV spectrophotometer, and GC-MASS. In UV spectrum, Soret-band(438 nm) and Q-bands(526, 572, 611 nm) were confirmed. In NMR spectrum, the characteristic peak of porphyrin was detected at -2.65 ppm. Copolyimide containing porphyrin structure was synthesized with mesityl-$TPP(NH_2)$, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride(BTDA) and 2,2-bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl) hexafluoropropane(BAPHF) and characterized with UV and FT-IR spectrophotometer. The $T_g$ and $T_m$ of the synthesized copolyimide were 220.7 and $369.2^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Since the 1950s decade, it has been suggested that a naturally produced or induced repertoire of immunoglobulin G (IgG) idiotypes may exert some immunoregulatory functions. In the last decades, some more advanced theories have suggested that the repertoire of IgG idiotypes may influence the development or control of some atopic diseases. In atopic dermatitis (AD), some evidence indicated that the IgG repertoire obtained from these patients could effectively mediate regulatory functions on thymic and peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, some recent clinical trials have corroborated the hypothesis that IgG from AD patients can exert regulatory functions in vivo. Here, we revised some historical aspects that yield current approaches developed in vitro and in vivo to elucidate a recently proposed theory termed "hooks without bait" that can strengthen the broad spectrum of research about evaluating different sets of IgG idiotypes and determine their immunological effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1563-1572
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• 2018

Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and their conjugates have been gaining a great deal of recognition in the medical field. Meanwhile, extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamases (ESBL)-producing bacteria are also demonstrating a challenging problem for health care. The aim of this study was the biosynthesis of AuNP using Rosa damascenes petal extract and conjugation of ceftriaxone antibiotic (Cef-AuNP) in inhibiting ESBL-producing bacteria and study of in vitro anticancer activity. Characterization of the synthesized AuNP and Cef-AuNP was studied. ESBL-producing strains, Acinetobacter baumannii ACI1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PSE4 were used for testing the efficacy of Cef-AuNP. The cells of MCF-7 breast cancer were treated with previous AuNP and Cef-AuNP at different time intervals. Cytotoxicity effects of apoptosis and its molecular mechanism were evaluated. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy established the formation of AuNP and Cef-AuNP. Transmission electron microscope demonstrated that the formed nanoparticles were of different shapes with sizes of 15~35 nm and conjugation was established by a slight increase in size. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Cef-AuNP against tested strains were obtained as 3.6 and $4{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Cef-AuNP demonstrated a decrease in the MIC of ceftriaxone down to more than 27 folds on the studied strains. The biosynthesized AuNP displayed apoptotic and time-dependent cytotoxic effects in the cells of MCF-7 at a concentration of $0.1{\mu}g/ml$ medium. The Cef-AuNP have low significant effects on MCF-7 cells. These results enhance the conjugating utility in old unresponsive ceftriaxone with AuNP to restore its efficiency against otherwise resistant bacterial pathogens. Additionally, AuNP may be used as an alternative chemotherapeutic treatment of MCF-7 cancer cells.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1969

35 samples of Korean fermented foodstuffs were tested to isolate and to identify for aflatoxins. Aflatoxin $G_1$ was detected in samples of soybean and Kanjang (Soybean sauce), and aflatoxins $G_1$ & $G_2$ in Meju (fermented soybean mass) and Dwenjang (fermented soybean paste). In the culture media of Aspergillus flavus aflatoxins $B_1,\;B_2,\;G_1\;and\;G_2$ were also isolated and identified. Aflatoxins were confirmed by the thin layer chromatography with methanol : chroroform (5:95v/v) developer and the ultra violet absorption spectrum.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2013

The uniform hazard spectra for seven major cities in Korea, Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, Busan, Gwangju, Ulsan, and Inchon are suggested. Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses were performed using the attenuation equations derived from seismology research in Korea since 2000 and the seismotectonic models selected by expert assessment. For the estimation of the uniform hazard spectra, the seismic hazard curves for several frequencies and PGAs were calculated by using the spectral attenuation equations. The seismic hazards (annual exceedance probability) calculated for the 7 metropolises ranged from about $1.4305{\times}0^{-4}/yr$ to $1.7523{\times}10^{-4}/yr$ and averaged out at about $1.5902{\times}10^{-4}/yr$ with a log standard deviation of about 0.085 at 0.2 g. The uniform hazard spectra with recurrence intervals of 500, 1000, and 2500 years estimated by using the calculated mean seismic hazard on the frequencies presented peak values at 10.0 Hz, and the log standard deviations of the difference between metropolises ranged from about 0.013 to 0.209. In view of the insignificant difference between the estimated uniform hazard spectra obtained for the considered metropolises, the mean uniform hazard spectrum was estimated. This mean uniform hazard spectrum is expected to be used as input seismic response spectrum for rock sites in Korea.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2003

Anti-fungal materials producing bacteria were isolated from soil by bennett's agar and actinomycete isola-tion agar medium. The bacterla were identified as synonym of Actinomycetes. Based on the data obtained from its morphological and colony characteristics. The medium for production of anti-fungal materials was YEME (yeast extract 4 g, malt extract l0g, glucose 4 g, D.W 1ι, pH 7.0${\pm}$0.2). The culture conditions were 30$^{\circ}C$, 7 days and 200 rpm in shaking incubator. No. 13, No. 15 and No.28 strains were produced anti-fungal materials against fungal plant pathogens. Specially, The No. 28 strain showed a powerful biopesticide activity and broad spectrum effects of anti -fungal materials on Collectrichum coccodes, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Didymella bryoniae.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.385-389
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• 2007

We undertook the present study to evaluate different pharmacological as antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the crude ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia (Family: Cucurbitaceae) leaves. The antioxidant property of the extract was assessed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. The extract showed antioxidant activity where $IC_{50}$ was about ${\sim}500{\mu}g/ml\;and\;IC_{50}$ was about ${\sim}10{\mu}g/ml$ for standard drug ascorbic acid. The extract showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against all the tested gram positive and gram-negative bacteria where Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae were prominent. And the zones of inhibition were ranging from 8-15 mm for all the tested bacteria. Its cytotoxic property was evaluated by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The extract showed significant lethality and the $LC_{50}$ value was $20{\mu}g/ml$.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.33-38
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• 1999

In this paper, we combine a generalized analysis-by-synthesis (AbS) structure and an algebraic excitation scheme to propose a new 4kb/s speech codec. This codec partly uses the structure of G.729. We design a line spectrum pair (LSP) quantizer, an adaptive codebook, and an excitation codebook to fit the 4 kb/s bit rate. The codec has a 25㎳ algorithmic delay, which corresponds to a 20㎳ frame size and a 5㎳ lookahead. At the bit rates below 4kb/s, most CELP speech codecs using the AbS principle have a drawback that results a rapid degradation of speech quality. To overcome this drawback we use the generalized AbS structure which is efficient for the low bit rate speech codec. LP coefficients are converted to LSP and quantized using a predictive 2-stage VQ. A low complexity algebraic codebook which uses shifting method is used for the fixed codebook excitation, and gains of the adaptive codebook and the fixed codebook are quantized using the VQ. To evaluate the performance of the proposed codec A-B preference tests are done with the fixed rate 8kb/s QCELP. As the result of the test, the performance of the codec is similar to that of the fixed rate 8kb/s QCELP.