• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2009

This study includes literature research and empirical study with the subject of experts in order to anticipate the direction of IPTV evolution, the extension of customer needs, and the technology related to needs themselves. According to the results of the study, it is expected that IPTV will evolve as a converged media platform that integrates the demands of communication, information, and entertainment; and the customer needs for IPTV will be extended from the basic needs for previous TV(high quality and low cost) to 4A(Any Time, Any Where, Any Contents, Any Device) needs. In particular, as the IPTV evolves, the needs for customization(Any Contents needs) will be regarded most importantly among the 4A needs; this implies that what matters is how contents are created and distributed in order for the IPTV to take priority in competition afterwards.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

A smart-home is considered as one of most important alternatives of future homes with rising attention on IT technologies. The purpose of the study was to analyse the trend of smart-home technologies and to see how they reflect changing lifestyle needs. The research method includes a content analysis and a case study. The result shows that 'automation' functions are 35% of total. 'Health'(19%) and 'entertainment'(15%) functions are followed by 'Energy'(15%), 'Information'(11%). and 'relationship(6%).' This study is meaningful in that it examined smart-home technologies centering on the needs of residents rather than technological perspectives. Further researches on specialized smart-homes should be continued reflecting segmented needs of residents such as a medical home and a energy saving home etc.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.650-671
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• 2013

Products elicit the consumer's purchasing behavior by satisfying their needs and are cognized as the combination of various needs attributes. Also R&D is referred as a series of technical development activities to meet the consumer's needs attributes. In particular, in the market-oriented R&D era, it could obtain the legitimacy by developing the R&D based on the needs attributes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the priority setting in R&D field, considering consumer's needs attributes. To be concrete, we tried to present the evolutional direction of desirable phased R&D according to 'the importance degree for consumers on the attributes (functions) of the certain products' and 'the urgency degree of technical quality to fulfill its needs'. To achieve this, we targeted SMART TV, the convergence product, which contains the uncertainty in terms of marketability and technological aspect, and analyzed the priority of the R&D in SMART TV field. Based on the result of the analysis, 4-steps product concept (ultra high definition TV, interactive TV, 3D/immersive TV, personalized TV) is derived by analyzing the evolutional direction of R&D in SMART TV field. This finding implies that the success possibilities of product could be enhanced during the process of the evolution of products that have multiple needs attributes, by pursuing the R&D which fulfills the needs attribute first required in the market. In addition, it provides a useful framework to design the R&D roadmap in an aspect of R&D strategy.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.303-312
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• 2023

The determination of the oxidation states of metal elements in manganese nodules sheds light on the understanding of the formation mechanism of nodules, providing insights into the paleo-environmental conditions such as the redox potential of the aqueous system. This study aims to reveal the oxidation states and chemical bonding of manganese in the natural polymetallic nodules, utilizing conventional X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Specifically, shallow manganese nodules from the Siberian Arctic Sea, effectively recording mineralogical variations, were used in this study. Detailed analysis of XPS Mn 2p spectra showed changes in the manganese oxidation state from the center to the outer parts of the nodules. The central part of the nodules showed a higher Mn⁴⁺ content, approximately 67.9%, while the outermost part showed about 63% of Mn⁴⁺ due to an increase in the Mn³⁺+Mn²⁺. The decrease in the Mn oxidation state with the growth is consistent with the previously reported mineralogical variations from todorokite to birnessite with growth. Additionally, the O 1s spectra presented a predominance of Mn-O-H bonds in the outer layers compared to the center, suggesting hydration by water in the layered manganates of outer layers. The results of this study demonstrate that XPS can be directly applied to understand changes in paleo-environmental conditions such as the redox states during the growth of manganese nodules. Finally, future studies using high-resolution synchrotron-based XPS experiments could achieve details in oxidation states of manganese and trace metal elements.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.189-194
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• 2024

Identifying customer needs and improving products and services accordingly is essential for survival and growth in modern business. It's important to do this successfully because it's directly related to increasing customer satisfaction and making the products more competitive. However, user reviews are characterized by unstructured data, which requires various stages of processing for analysis. Due to the need for specialized knowledge and skills to analyze reviews and apply appropriate solutions, small business owners often find it challenging to quickly adopt and reflect customer needs. Therefore, this paper proposes a method that utilizes ChatGPT to identify important and new words in user reviews to derive new customer needs.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.427-437
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• 2020

Manganese nodules, which are evaluated as potential metal resources, have been found in the Arctic Ocean as well as in the abyssal plains of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Manganese nodules exhibit strong variations in the morphology, internal texture, chemical composition and mineralogy as they grow. The relationship between the texture and chemical elemental composition during the growth process is well documented, but the mineral composition variation during the growth process is not. Because the manganese oxide minerals in nodules are fine-grained and poorly crystalline, quantitative analysis for the mineral composition is challenging for the bulk nodule sample. This study investigated the internal texture and Mn-oxide mineral composition of manganese nodules obtained from the East Siberian Sea. Semi-quantitative analysis was attempted for three main Mn-oxide minerals constituting the manganese nodules (i.e., todorokite, buserite and birnessite) using the peak area ratio of X-ray diffraction analysis graphs. In the East Siberian Sea manganese nodules, birnessite is more abundant than buserite or todorokite, and no correlation is found between the mineral composition and the internal texture. Instead a correlation is found between the relative content of todorokite and the lamellae depth. The todorokite content tends to increase from the surface to the core of the nodules, which can be attributed to a recrystallization process or difference in the growth rate within the nodule. This study shows that semi-quantitative analysis of manganese oxide minerals using the peak area ratio is useful in the mineralogical study of manganese nodules.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.9B
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• pp.1399-1406
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• 2010

Customers can monitor electricity use in real time in smart grid(ICT is grafted onto current grid), so various beneficial services can be provided to customer. We did a qualitative survey, HV(Home Visit) and FGD(Focus Group Discussion), in order to derive customer's cognition of using electricity in home and values that customers consider significantly and a quantitative survey in order to know willingness to use. Customers consider electricity indispensible for using home appliances, want to use safely far from electromagnetic waves, short circuit and electronic shock. Also, customers want to save energy conveniently with no stress. Customers want 'a function', 'information', 'motivation' for energy saving, and 'electromagnetic waves cutting', 'to prevent electronic shock', 'to prevent short circuit' for safe electricity use. In this study, we derived 4 services - energy monitoring, standby power cutting, remote control, energy consulting - based on customer values and unmet needs, which is connected to home network that customers can monitor total and each appliance's electricity usage in real time and control home appliances. The willingness to use of services is over 60% and especially energy monitoring and standby power cutting service have high willingness to use rate, about 80%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.1247-1250
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• 2012

기존 방법은 Cockburn의 Goal 지향 유스케이스 방법[7]을 이용하여 고객 요구사항을 추출하는 방법을 제안하였다[2]. 그런 방법은 개발자 관점 요구사항으로 사용자의 요구를 충족시키기가 어렵다. 그래서 이 논문에서는 사용자 중심의 소프트웨어 개발 방법론[1,3,4,6]을 적용하여 사용자의 니즈(Needs)에 맞는 사용자 선호도 요구사항을 찾고자 한다. 이러한 요구사항의 Goal 중요도를 측정하여 우선순위를 도출한다. 이는 사용자의 니즈에 맞는 요구사항 결정과 테스트 케이스의 우선순위화가 가능하다. 사례연구로 U-Home 안에서 실내온도 조절에 관한 사용자의 요구를 분석하였다[1].

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.93-98
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• 2015

IoT (Internet of Things) is recently burgeoning as business applications as well as ICT itself. Among the business applications of IoT, wearable devices are recognized as a leading area of customer devices. This research first identifies customer needs of activity trackers (fitness trackers), as one of representative wearable devices, and mapping the identified needs with the well-known marketing model of marketing mix (4 P's: Product, Price, Promotion, and Place). Survey was applied to university students for identifying current and potential needs for activity trackers. The needs were classified by 4 P's, and according to the results, different from other IT devices, activity trackers has more potential needs. Moreover, reliable distribution channels, offline and company owned shops were preferred, rather than online shopping mall by third parties. The results would provide some valuable implications to not only designers of activity trackers but also business management.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.241-253
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• 2021

Manganese nodules have been found in the shallow water depth of the Arctic Ocean as well as in the abyssal plains of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, but detailed study for them were rarely investigated. Manganese nodules, collected from the East Siberian Sea through the Arctic Expedition using Araon ice braking vessel, have a high potential for Mn mineral resources because they have high Mn content with high Mn/Fe ratio. This study investigated the external form, size and weight, internal texture for the non-spherical manganese nodule, which has about 7 % of total nodule from the East Siberian Sea. This study also researched the relative Mn-oxide mineral composition using the peak area ratio of X-ray diffraction pattern and their chemical composition. All data obtained from non-spherical nodules were compared with the spherical ones. Ellipsoidal, platy and irregular types are common among 5 groups of non-spherical manganese nodule based on the external form, and major axis and weight have positive relationship. All non-spherical manganese nodules have core mainly composed of mud sediments. The average Mn oxide mineral contents in nodules are birnessite, buserite and todorokite in descending order. Although mineral composition does not show any correlation with the external form, kind of core or internal structure, todorokite and buserite contents tend to increase and birnessite content decrease from the surface to the core in the nodule. Non-spherical manganese nodules have higher Mn content and Mn/Fe ratio than those from the shallow water depth of the Arctic Sea and even in the deep-sea of the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Although non-spherical nodule is larger and heavier, and has lower Mn content and Mn/Fe ratio than spherical nodule, there are not any differences in mineral composition and internal structure between them. Almost all manganese nodules collected from the East Siberian Sea are attributed to diagenetic process, because they are higher than 5 in Mn/Fe ratio.