• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.29 no.9
• /
• pp.1013-1020
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrient intake and bone status in rural postmenopausal women in Korea. Ten postmenopausal women in An-Sung area participated in this study and they were divided into two groups ; women in group I had been postmenopausal for 4 years or less and those in group II had been postmenopausal for 5 years or more before the present study began. Their environmental factors and dietary intakes were surveyed through the personal interviews. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone(PTH), estradiol and urinary Ca, P, creatinine, hydroxyproline levels were measured from December 4 to December 27 in 1993. The reults of this study are summarized as follows : Average ages of group I and II were 54.8 and 57.2 years. Average menopausal ages of group I and II were 50.8 and 47.3 years. The nutrient intakes of subjects were higher than recommended dietary allowances(RDA) except calorie, protein, calcium, and vitamin A. The nutrient status did not show any significant difference between group I and II. Serum levels of Ca, P, PTH, estradiol and urinary P, creatinine excretion did not show any significant difference between group I and II, and all levels were in normal range. Urinary Ca excretion(p<0.05) and hydroxyproline excretion(p<0.01) were significantly lower in group I than in group II. Urinary Ca/creatinine(Ca/cr) and hydroxyproline/creatinine(Hpr/cr) rations were significantly higher in group II than in group I(p<0.01. And Hpr/cr levels of group I were in normal range, but most of subjects in group II were higher than 0.017 indicating sign of osteoporosis. Correlations between parameters showed that serum PTH adn urinary Ca, Ca/cr levels were positive related (p<0.01), and the years of the after menopausal year and urinary Hpr/cr was also positive related(p<0.05). The present results suggests that it is difficult to protect postmenopausal women's bone destruction having Korean usual diets. Therefore, to prevent osteoporosis with aging, minimizing the hormonal changes in postmenopausal women is needed as well as Ca supplementation and proper exercise before menopause begins.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.8
• /
• pp.3017-3029
• /
• 2023

In the late in-vessel phase of a nuclear reactor severe accident, the internal heat transfer and crust evolution during the debris bed melting process have important effects on the thermal load distribution along the vessel wall, and further affect the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) failure mode and the state of melt during leakage. This study coupled the phase change model and large eddy simulation to investigate the variations of the temperature, melt liquid fraction, crust and heat flux distributions during the debris bed melting process in the hypothetical severe accident of HPR1000. The results indicated that the heat flow towards the vessel wall and upper surface were similar at the beginning stage of debris melting, but the upward heat flow increased significantly as the development of the molten pool. The maximum heat flux towards the vessel wall reached 0.4 MW/m². The thickness of lower crust decreased as the debris melting. It was much thicker at the bottom region with the azimuthal angle below 20° and decreased rapidly at the azimuthal angle around 20-50°. The maximum and minimum thicknesses were 2 and 90 mm, respectively. By contrast, the distribution of upper crust was uniform and reached stable state much earlier than the lower crust, with the thickness of about 10 mm. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of initial condition indicated that as the decrease of time interval from reactor scram to debris bed dried-out, the maximum debris temperature and melt fraction became larger, the lower crust thickness became thinner, but the upper crust had no significant change. The sensitivity analysis of in-vessel retention (IVR) strategies indicated that the passive and active external reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) had little effect on the internal heat transfer and crust evolution. In the case not considering the internal reactor vessel cooling (IRVC), the upper crust was not obvious.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this research was to investigate loading rate of influent for acidogenic fermentation. Laboratory batch experiments were conducted, at $35^{\circ}C$, HRT 18hr, pH 6 and used 3.5L reactor. Loading rate of influent was varied 2.0 to 4.0g VSS/L, TOA concentration is decreased according to increasing loading rate Over 2.5g VSS/L. When loading rate is 2.0g VSS/L, hydrolysis percentage show the maximum value of 87%. Most of SCFA is consist of HAc, HPr, I-HBu and MBu. HAc concentration is 5,233mg/L in the 2.0g VSS/L condition. So, for this study, we think that limiting loading rate is 2.5g VSS/L. SCFA species was investigated to HAc, HPr, I-HBu and n-HBu during our studying. HAc/SCFA ratio is about 89.3%, SCFA production rate is highest to $1,104mg\;COD/L/d{\cdot}gPCOD$ for 2.0g VSS/L loading rate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.1869-1879
• /
• 2000

A series of experiments were conducted for modeling the fate and effect of the coupled oxidation reduction reaction of ethanol and propionate recognized as important intermediates in anaerobic degradation metabolism. Anaerobic kinetics for conversion of propionate and the interaction with ethanol were investigated using the model of specific substrate priority utilization effect. Seed cultures for the experiment were obtained from an anaerobically enriched steady-state propionate master culture reactor (HPr-MCR), ethanol-propionate master culture reactor (EtPr-MCR) and glucose master culture reactor (Glu-MCR). Experiments were consisted of four phases. Phase I, II and III were conducted by fixing the propionate organic loading as 1.0 g COD/L with increasing ethanol loading of 0, 100, 200, 400 and 1,000 mg/L, to find metabolic interaction of ethanol and propionate degradation by each enriched anaerobic culture. In phase IV, different mixing ratios of Glu-MCR and HPr-MCR cultures with fixed propionate organic loading, 1.0 g COD/L, were applied to observe the propionate degradation metabolic behavior. In the results of this study, different pathways of propionate and ethanol conversion were found using a modified competitive inhibition kinetic model. Increase of $K_{s2}$ value reflected the formation of acetate followed by ethanol degradation. In addition. $K_3$ value was increased slightly as the reactions of acetate formation and degradation were occurred in acetoclastic methanogenesis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.30-39
• /
• 1991

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary calcium. serum estrogen level and physical activity on the bone status of 116 healthy elderly women living in urban area. Current calcium intake was assessed by convenient method(refered to as Ca intake) and calcium containing food frequency method(refered to as Ca index) Daily activity record was used for the estimation of physical activity level, and serum estrogen level was measured from fasting blood of subjects. The rate of bone resorption was evaluated by the determination of hydroxyproline(Hpr) in fasting urine with correction for creatinine excretion. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1) Average daily Ca intake of subjects was 621.4$\pm$155.8mg, which is above the Korean recommended dietary allowances. However 44.8% of the subjects consumed Ca below RDA level. Ca index score was significantly correlated with the bone status(P<0.05), Ca intake did not show significant correlation with the bone status although a positive trend of influence was evident. 2) Average serum estrogen level of subjects was 18.7$\pm$9.8pg Contrary to our anticipation. estrogen level did not show any significant relation to age and bone status. 3) Daily physical activity was classified into four categories by activity intensity : sedentary. moderate, active and severe. The average physical activity of subjects belong to moderate level. and the bone status was significantly related to the physical activity(P<0.01) 4) Among other influential factors such as age, pocket-money. family type. drinking, smoking and BMI, there was a significant difference between bone status and BMI(P<0.05). 5) Multiple regression analysis of variables showed that physical activity has greater effect than other variables when the entire subjects were taken into account. However. eliminating the subjects whose bone status rated as excellent(Hpr/cr<0.009), Ca index showed higher correlation than physical activity. These results have demonstrated that dietary calcium intake is the primary important factor for keeping good bone health and that bone status of subjects with a sufficient calcium intake is affected by various factors such as physical activity, age, smoking. BMI and others.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.435-439
• /
• 2015

THO/TREX complex plays an important role in transcriptional elongation, mRNA processing, nuclear RNA export, and genome stability. A fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, SPBC577.04 gene encoding the ortholog of THOC5, a component of THO/TREX complex, was identified and characterized. The S. pombe thoc5 (spthoc5) is not essential for both growth and mRNA export, but deletion of the spthoc5 gene caused growth defect and slight accumulation of $poly(A)^+$ RNA in the nucleus. And the functional spThoc5-GFP protein is localized mainly in the nucleus. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the Hpr1(THOC1) protein, an evolutionally well-conserved component of THO/TREX complex, interacted with spThoc5 as well as Tho2(THOC2), another subunit of THO complex. These results suggest that S. pombe Thoc5 as a component of THO/TREX complex is also involved in mRNA export from the nucleus.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.559-564
• /
• 1999

In order to discover new cancer chemopreventive agents from natural or synthetic products, a structurally diverse class of chemopreventive agents was evaluated using in vitro biomarker of inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in cultured mouse epidermal 308 (ME)308 cells. As a results, apigenin, benzylisothiocyanate, curcumin, diallyl disulfide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), menadione, miconazole, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and phenethyl isothiocyanate showed potent inhibitory effects in this process. A chemically diverse group of compounds was included in the evaluation, such as flavonoids, retinoids, isothiocyanates, sulfur-containing compounds and phenolic antioxidant compounds. These data are suggestive to understand the cancer chemopreventive potential mediated by these substances.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2011

In this study, we investigated the natural convection on the outer surface of a vertical pipe by performing mass transfer experiments using fluids with high Pr number using the concept of analogy between heat and mass transfer. A cupric acid-copper sulfate electroplating system was adopted as the mass transfer system. Tests were performed for $Ra_H$ numbers from $1.4{\times}10^9$ to $4{\times}10^{13}$, Pr numbers from 2,094 to 4,173, and diameters from 0.005 m to 0.035 m. The test results for laminar flow conditions were in good agreement with the correlations reported by King, Jakob and Linke, McAdam, and Bottemanne, and those for turbulent conditions with the correlations presented by Fouad for a vertical plate and also proved the dependence on Pr numbers. The obtained correlations were $Nu_H=0.55Ra^{0.25}_H$ for laminar and $Nu_H=0.12Ra^{0.28}_HPr^{0.1}$ for turbulent. The transition between laminar and turbulent occurs at $Ra_H$ of about $10^{12}$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.292-296
• /
• 2017

In eukaryote, THO/TREX complex plays a critical role in transcriptional elongation, pre-mRNA processing, and nuclear mRNA export. This complex is evolutionally well- conserved, but there are some differences in composition and function according to organisms. Here we showed that spTex1, a component of THO/TREX complex, is not essential for growth and mRNA export in a fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which is more similar to higher eukaryote than budding yeast. Deletion and overexpression of the spTex1 gene do not lead to any detectable growth phenotype and accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA in the nucleus. And the spTex1-GFP protein is localized mainly in the nucleus. Yeast two-hybrid and Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the spTex1 protein interacted with spHpr1 (THOC1) and spTho2 (THOC2), main subunits of THO complex. We conclude that the S. pombe Tex1 is a component of THO/TREX complex, but does not plays important roles in growth and bulk mRNA export from the nucleus.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.294-304
• /
• 2022

This study carried out from March 2021 to October 2021 in the upper part (St. 1) and middle part (St. 2) section of Yongsu stream, a branch of the Geum river, using PIT telemetry to understand the movement patterns and habitat characteristics of Odontobutis interrupta, a Korean endemic species. O. interrupta collection was used kick net (5×5 mm) and fish trap (5×5 mm). After collecting fish, PIT tag insertion was performed immediately in the site. Reader (HPR Plus Reader, biomark, USA) and portable Antenna (BP Plus Portable Antenna, biomark, USA) were used for detection of fish to monitoring the tagged O. interrupta. As a result of PIT telemetry applied to 70 individuals, mean movement distance was 36.5 (SE, ±6.6) m. There was a significant difference between total length and movement distance (P≤0.05). O. interrupta was mainly identified in average water depth, 36.2±1.9 cm, average water velocity, 0.03±0.07 m s^-1 and average distance from watershed, 4.4±0.3 m. Extent of rock used for habitat was varied from 32 to 4,000 cm². There was no statistical difference between the area of the first selected rock and the area of the after selected rock (P>0.05). but there was significant difference between total length and the area of the rock except for detection before 24 hours (P<0.01). Therefore, to restore the habitat, it is considered necessary to create various substrate structures by providing various habitat environments (water depth, flow rate, stone, etc.) for each individual size.