• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.737-747
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• 2001

Regeneration of Periodontium with PRP does not only improve regeneration rate and density of bone but have a possibility to estimate faster healing process for soft tissue. And also, synthetic bone and xenogenic bone graft are effective on regeneration of periodontium. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic bone ($Biogran^{(R)}$) and xenogenic bone ($BBP^{(R)}$) grafts with the PRP technique on regeneration of periodontium. 52 Generally healthy Pt. who had pocket depth 5mm at any of 6 surfaces of the teeth were in the study at Dept. of Perio. in Dankook Dental Hospital. Open Flap was treated for 18 infra-bony pockets as control group, $Biogran^{(R)}$ with PRP was inserted for 25 infrabony pockets as first test group, and $BBP^{(R)}$ with PRP was inserted for 22 infrabony pockets as 2nd test group. Then evaluation was made after 3 and 6 months 1. 6 months after surgery, each difference of average probing pocket depth was $2.61{\pm}0.23$ for control, $3.40{\pm}0.30$ for 1st test, and $3.45{\pm}0.37$ for 2nd test group. 2. 6 months after surgery, each difference of clinical probing attachment level was $1.39{\pm}0.12$ for control, $2.88{\pm}0,24$ for 1st, and $2.86{\pm}0,27$ for 2nd test group. 3. 6 months after surgery, each difference of Maximal probing attachment level was $1.11{\pm}0.16$ for control, $3.28{\pm}0.30$ for 1st, and $3.27{\pm}0.35$ for 2nd test group. 4. There were significant differences for clinical change of each three group which were between average probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level of 3,6 months and minimal and maximal attachment level after 6 months 5. There were significant differences for average probing pocket depth which were only at control group and 2nd test group between 1 and 6months. For clinical attachment level and minimal and maximal proving attachment level, there was a significant difference after 6month of surgery. 6. There was no significant difference between two test groups for average probing depth, clinical attachment level, and minima1 and maximal probing attachment level. As the result, PRP with bone graft is very effective for regeneration of periodontium and there is no difference between xenogenic bone and synthetic bone.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.499-508
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• 2004

Regeneration of Periodontium with PRP does not only improve regeneration rate and density of bone but have a possibility to estimate faster healing process for soft tissue. And also, autogenous bone and xenogenic bone graft are effective on regeneration of periodontium. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenous bone and xenogenic bone $(BBP^{(R)})$ grafts with the PRP technique on regeneration of periodontium. 52 Generally healthy Pt. who had pocket depth 5mm at any of 6 surfaces of the teeth were in the study at Dept. of Perio. in Dankook Dental Hospital. Open Flap was treated for 18 infra-bony pockets as control group, autogenous bone with PRP was inserted for 25 infrabony pockets as first test group, and $(BBP^{(R)})$ with PRP was inserted for 22 infrabony pockets as 2nd test group. Then evaluation was made after 3 and 6 months 1. There were significant differences between average probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level of 3, 6 months and minimal and maximal attachment level after 6 months each other. 2. There were significant differences in average probing pocket depth of control group and 2nd experimental group between 1 and 6 months. For clinical attachment level and minimal and maximal proving attachment level, there was a significant difference after 6 month of surgery. 3. There was no significant difference between two test groups for average probing depth, clinical attachment level, and minimal and maximal probing attachment level. As the result, PRP with bone graft could be very effective for regeneration of periodontium and there was no difference between xenogenic bone and autogenous bone.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 1997

The principle of guided tissue regeneration (GTR), as applied to bone healing, is based on the prevention of connective tissue from entering the bony defect during the healing phase. This allows the slower bone producing cells to migrate into and reproduce bone within the defect. GTR has demonstrated a level of success in regenerating bone defect. Several types of membrane barrier have been utilized to apply this principle in bone regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether improved bone regeneration can be achieved with different membrane barriers ($Gore-Tex^{TM}$membrane, $COLLACOTE^{(R)}$). In the 10 NewZealand white rabbits, full-thickness bone defects on three sites of each rabbit calvaria were made. Experimental group 1 was covered with $COLLACOTE^{(R)}$, and group 2 was covered with $Gore-Tex^{TM}$membrane. Macroscopic, microscopic examinations were made serially on 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 weeks after operation. The results were as follows : 1. Macroscopically, both of experimental group 1, 2 were filled with bone-like mass but the defects of experimental group 1 disclosed markedly thinner than the original bone. 2. Microscopically, the defect of experimental group 1, 2 was filled with bony trabeculae without infection and adverse reaction. But multinucleated giant cell infiltration around $COLLACOTE^{(R)}$ was seen till 6th week. 3. Resorption of $COLLACOTE^{(R)}$ started from 3rd week and it was completely resorped on the 12th week.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.220-229
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study was aimed to examine the effect of acellular dermal matrix ($AlloDerm^{(R)}$) grafted to the experimental tissue defect on tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods: Male albino rabbits were used. Soft tissue defects were prepared in the external abdominal oblique muscle. The animals were then divided into 3 groups by the graft material used: no graft, autogenous dermis graft, and $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. The healing sites were histologically examined at weeks 4 and 8 after the graft. In another series, critical sized defects with 8-mm diameter were prepared in the right and left iliac bones. The animals were then divided into 5 groups: no graft, grafted with autogenous iliac bone, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft impregnated with rhBMP-2, and $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft with rhTGF-${\beta}1$. The healing sites of bone defect were investigated with radiologic densitometry and histological evaluation at weeks 4 and 8 after the graft. Results: In the soft tissue defect, normal healing was seen in the group of no graft. Inflammatory cells and foreign body reactions were observed in the group of autogenous dermis graft, and the migration of fibroblasts and the formation of vessels into the collagen fibers were observed in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. In the bone defect, the site of bone defect was healed by fibrous tissues in the group of no graft. The marked radiopacity and good regeneration were seen in the group of autogenous bone graft. There remained the traces of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ with no satisfactory results in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. In the groups of the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft with rhBMP-2 or rhTGF-${\beta}1$, there were numerous osteoblasts in the boundary of the adjacent bone which was closely approximated to the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ with regeneration features. However, the fibrous capsule also remained as in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, which separated the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ and the adjacent bone. Conclusions: These results suggest that $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ can be useful to substitute the autogenous dermis in the soft tissue defect. However, it may not be useful as a bone graft material or a carrier, since the bone defect was not completely healed by the bony tissue, regardless of the presence of osteogenic factors like rhBMP-2 or rhTGF-${\beta}1$.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.301-320
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new biodegradable membrane - atelocollagen as a guided tissue regeneration barrier on the dehiscence defects adjacent to the dental implants. 3 beagle dogs were selected for this study and all the mandibular premolars($P_1,P_2,P_3&P_4$) were extracted. Twelve weeks after the extraction, the edentulous ridges were formed to be placed the titanium plasma-sprayed IMZ implants. Four implant osteotomies were performed on each side of the mandible. The osteotomies were placed facially in the edentulous ridges to approximate an actual dehiscence defect as closely as possible, The standardized dehiscence defects were created 3 mm in width and 4 mm in height by osteotomy. A total 24 implants were placed. e-PTFE, ateloco11agen and $Collatape^{(R)}$ were placed to cover the defects and the one defect served as a control, not covered any membrane. By random selection, three dogs were sacrificed at 2 weeks, 4weeks and 8 weeks after fixation with 3% glutaraldehyde. A week before sacrificing, 8-week dog was infused intravenously with oxy-tetracycline 30mg/kg. The left mandibular blocks were used for full decalcified histologic preparation and the right mandibular blocks were selected for undeca1cified preparation, At 2 weeks, the regenerated bone of e-PTFE and atelocollagen groups appeared to be more dense than other groups and the percentage of bone defect fill was highest for e-PTFE and follwed by ateloco1lagen group. However, the $Collatape^{(R)}$ and control groups showed a little new bone formation. $Collatape^{(R)}$ was almost degraded within 2 weeks. At 4 weeks, the regenerated new bone were much greater and denser than at 2 weeks for e-PTFE and ateloco11agen group. Although a part of atelocollagen bagan to be degraded at the margin and surrounded by foreign body giant cells related to foreign body reaction, it was generally intact and the regenerated new bone was shown much more than at 2 weeks. The amount of new bone in $Collatape^{(R)}$ and control groups at 4 weeks were similar to that of 2 weeks group. At 8 weeks, the regenerated bone was matured and observed along the implant fixture. Direct new bone formation and calcium deposits beneath the e-PTFE were observed. No further bone growth was seen in the $Collatape^{(R)}$ and control groups. In reflected fluoromicrcocopic observation, the osteogenic activity was pronounced between e-PTFE membrane and the old bone. High osteogenic activity was also observed in atelocol1agen group. This study suggested that the ateloco11agen as well as e-PTFE could be used for guided tissue regeneration on dehiscence defects adjacent to the dental implants. But the $Collatape^{(R)}$ was completely resorbed within 2 weeks and was not a suitable membrane for guided bone regeneration.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 1998

Calcium sulfate(plaster of Paris) has been used in dental and orthopedic surgery for about 100 years. It is well known that the plaster is bioresorbable, biocompatible, defect conformable and moldable. The purpose of this study is to evaluate two effects of calcium sulfate on bone regeneration, that is, the effects of graft materials and barrier for bone regeneration. Cortical bone defects were formed for recipient site on the femurs of 19 Sprague-Dawley rats. The autogenous particulated bone and calcium sulfate were grafted to the defects. Calcium sulfate paste, $Gore-Tex^R$ membrane(W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES LTD., U.S.A.) and rubber sheet were used for the shielding materials. The results were as follows : 1. Calcium sulfate that had been grafted in the cortical bone defect was almost resorbed before bone remodeling, resultantly had little effect on bone regeneration. 2. Resoption process of calcium sulfate grafted on the bone grafting area tends to be accelerated, as being divided into numerous small particles progressively. Under the situation where the calcium sulfate was protected, with the coverage of fascia, $Gore-Tex^R$ membrane or rubber sheet, new bone formation was confirmed with presence of calcium sulfate particles over 6 weeks after grafting. 3. In the case of calcium sulfate covered with membrane, distinct bone formation was observed on the marrow space of femur adjacent to the plaster mass. 4. Rubber shielded plaster group revealed new bone trabeculae under the rubber sheet, but it showed ischemic degeneration of superficial cortical bone.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2008

Purpose: Guided bone regeneration(GBR) has emerged as a treatment in the management of osseous defects associated with dental implants. But several studies have reported different degrees of success of guided bone regeneration, depending upon the type of barrier selected, presence or absence of an underlying graft material, types of graft material, feasibility of technique, and clinician's preference. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone formation following dental implant placement with augmentation materials at dehiscence defects in dogs. Material and Methods: Standardized buccal dehiscence defects($3{\times}5\;mm$) were surgically 2 Mongrel dog's mandibles, each 8 SLA surface, 8 anodizing surface implants. Each buccal dehiscence defect received flap surgery only(no treatment, control), $Cytoflex^{(R)}$ membrane only, Resolut $XT^{(R)}$ membrane only, Resolut $XT^{(R)}+Osteon^{TM}$. Animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks postsurgery and block sections were harvested for histologic analysis. Resuts: All experimental group resulted in higher bone formation than control. Resolut $XT^{(R)}+Osteon^{TM}$ group resulted appeared highest defect resolution. There was no difference between SLA and anodizing surface, nonresorbable and resorbable membrane. Conclusion: GBR results in rapid and clinically relevant bone closure on dehiscence defects of the dental implants.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.104-109
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• 2023

Electrospinning was performed using an eco-friendly solvent composed of acetic acid, ethyl acetate and distilled water to investigate the effect of gelatin concentration on mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of absorbable poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA)/gelatin blend membrane. The tensile stress, strain at break, and WUC of the PDLLA/gelatin (97/3) scaffold at 26 wt% concentration were determined to be 3.9 ± 0.7 MPa, 37 ± 1.3 %, and 273 ± 33 %, respectively. FT-IR results revealed that PDLLA and gelatin were bound only by van der Waals interactions. The cell viability of PDLLA/gelatin membranes containing 0 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, and 4 % gelatin were more than 100 %, which makes all membranes highly suitable as a barrier membrane for absorbable periodontal tissue regeneration due to their marketed physical properties and biocompatibility.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.115-126
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• 1990

To establish basic techniques for protoplast fusion of Coriolus versicolor several factors affecting protoplast formation and regeneration were investigated. Protoplast isolation was at maximum with 2.5-day cultured mycelia of C. versicolor treated with the combination of two enzymes, Novozym 234 (10 mg/ml) and cellulase Onozuka R-10 (15 mg/ml), for 3-4.5 hours at $30^{\circ}C.$ As an osmotic stabilizer for stabilizing the protoplast, 0.6 M sucrose was the best for formation and regeneration of the protoplast from the mycelia of the fungus and the regeneration frequency was 3.48%. Protoplast fusion was made by a modified method of Peberdy using PEG (M.W. 4,000). The fusion frequency between two mutants of C. versicolor was 1.86% and the fusion products showed differences in growth rate and colony morphology.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

The use of artificial nerve conduit containing viable Schwann cells is one of the most promising strategies to repair the peripheral nerve injury. To fabricate an effective nerve conduit whose microstructure and internal environment are more favorable in the nerve regeneration than existing ones, a new three-dimensional Schwann cell culture technique using $Matrigel^{(R)}$. and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was developed. Nerve conduit of three-dimensionally arranged Schwann cells was fabricated using direct seeding of freshly harvested DRG into a $Matrigel^{(R)}$ filled silicone tube (I.D. 1.98 mm, 14 mm length) and in vitro rafting culture for 2 weeks. The nerve regeneration efficacy of three-dimensionally cultured Schwann cell conduit (3D conduit group, n=6) was assessed using SD rat sciatic nerve defect of 10 mm, and compared with that of silicone conduit filled with $Matrigel^{(R)}$ and Schwann cells prepared from the conventional plain culture method (2D conduit group, n=6). After 12 weeks, sciatic function was evaluated with sciatic function index (SFI) and gait analysis, and histomorphology of nerve conduit and the innervated tissues of sciatic nerve were examined using image analyzer and electromicroscopic methods. The SFI and ankle stance angle (ASA) in the functional evaluation were $-60.1{\pm}13.9$, $37.9^{\circ}{\pm}5.4^{\circ}$ in 3D conduit group (n=5) and $-87.0{\pm}12.9$, $32.2^{\circ}{\pm}4.8^{\circ}$ in 2D conduit group (n=4), respectively. And the myelinated axon was $44.91%{\pm}0.13%$ in 3D conduit group and $13.05%{\pm}1.95%$ in 2D conduit group to the sham group. In the TEM study, 3D conduit group showed more abundant myelinated nerve fibers with well organized and thickened extracellular collagen than 2D conduit group, and gastrocnemius muscle and biceps femoris tendon in 3D conduit group were less atrophied and showed decreased fibrosis with less fatty infiltration than 2D conduit group. In conclusion, new three-dimensional Schwann cell culture technique was established, and nerve conduit fabricated using this technique showed much improved nerve regeneration capacity than the silicone tube filled with $Matrigel^{(R)}$ and Schwann cells prepared from the conventional plain culture method.