• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.278-280
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• 1994

1,5-diketones(3) undewent cyclization to 4H-pyrano[3,2-d]pyrazoles (4a-d),4H-piperidino[3, 2-d]pyrazole (5) and pyrazolo[5,4-d]thiopyran (6) upon treatment with P/sub 2/O/sub 5/, CH/sub 3/COONH/sub 4/ and /or P/sub 2/S/sub 5/. Moreover, treatment of (4) with CH/sub 3/COONH/sub 4/ and/or P/sub 2/S/sub 5/ afforded (5) and (6). The structures of the hitherto unknown ring systems have been confirmed by analytical and spectral data.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권9호
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• pp.1310-1314
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• 2018

Non-Maxwellian distributions are found in the laboratory and space plasmas. For an accurate study of plasmas, the Kappa-averaged collision strengths of silicon VIII ion for $4^0S_{3/2}-2^0D_{3/2}$, $4^0S_{3/2}-2^0D_{5/2}$ and $2^0D_{3/2}-2^0D_{5/2}$ transitions are calculated for Kappa distributions with ${\kappa}=2$, 3 and 5 and for temperatures from $10^{4.5}K$ to $10^{6.5}K$. Results indicate that significant differences occur between the averaged collision strengths for the Maxwellian and the Kappa distributions. Fuythermore, and for each ${\kappa}$ value, the Kappa-averaged collision strengths vary in a complicated way with temperature for the $4^0S_{3/2}-2^0D_{3/2}$ and $4^0S_{3/2}-2^0D_{5/2}$ transitions while they decrease with increasing temperature for the $2^0D_{3/2}-2^0D_{5/2}$ transition. The calculation is significant if plasmas are to be studied for a non-Maxwellian distribution.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2013

Low efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is attributed to incomplete reprogramming of transfered nuclei into oocytes. Trichostatin A (TSA), histone deacetylase inhibitor and 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), DNA methylation inhibitor has been used to enhance nuclear reprogramming following SCNT. However, it was not known molecular mechanism by which TSA and 5-aza-dC improve preimplantation embryo and fetal development following SCNT. The present study investigates embryo viability and gene expression of cloned porcine preimplantation embryos in the presence and absence of TSA and 5-aza-dC as compared to embryos produced by parthenogenetic activation. Our results indicated that TSA treatment significantly improved development. However 5-aza-dC did not improve development. Presence of TSA and 5-aza-dC significantly improved total cell number, and also decreased the apoptotic and autophagic index. Three apoptotic-related genes, Bak, Bcl-xL, and Caspase 3 (Casp3), and three autophagic-related genes, ATG6, ATG8, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), were measured by real time RT-PCR. TSA and 5-aza-dC treatment resulted in high expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL and low pro-apoptotic gene Bak expression compared to untreated NT embryos or parthenotes. Furthermore, LC3 protein expression was lower in NT-TSA and NT-5-aza-dC embryos than those of NT and parthenotes. In addition, TSA and 5-aza-dC treated embryos displayed a global acetylated histone H3 at lysine 9 and methylated DNA H3 at lysine 9 profile similar to the parthenogenetic blastocysts. Finally, we determined that several DNA methyltransferase genes Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. NT blastocysts showed higher levels Dnmt1 than those of the TSA and 5-aza-dC blastocysts. Dnmt3a is lower in 5-aza-dC than NT, NTTSA and parthenotes. However, Dnmt3b is higher in 5-aza-dC than NT and NTTSA. These results suggest that TSA and 5-aza-dC positively regulates nuclear reprogramming which result in modulation of apoptosis and autophagy related gene expression and then reduce apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, TSA and 5-aza-dC affects the acetylated and methylated status of the H3K9.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.226-229
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to produce eggs enriched with vitamins $D_3$, K and iron in eggs. Six hundred 97-wk-old ISA Brown force molted hens were allocated to completely randomized block arrangement of six dietary treatments: T1; control (C), T2; C+4,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+2.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T3; C+8,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+5.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T4; C+12,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+7.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T5; C+16,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+10.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T6; C+20,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+12.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe. Fe was supplemented with Fe-methionine. Each treatment consisted of five replicates of ten cages with two birds per cage. Egg production and egg weight were highest in T2 and incidence of soft and broken egg was highest in T6. Haugh unit was not different among treatments although it tended to be increased as dietary vitamins $D_3$ and K increased. Eggshell strength was not different among treatment. Concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and K in egg yolk increased and plateaued approximately 20 days after feeding supplemented diets. The level of these vitamins peaked at 12,000 IU/kg vitamin $D_3$ and 7.5 mg/kg vitamin K supplementation and then decreased at the higher than these supplementation levels. The peak concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and vitamin K were 4.6 times and 4.8 times greater than the control, respectively. Supplementary Fe also increased Fe content in egg yolk. It is concluded that vitamin $D_3$ and K in eggs can be effectively enriched by proper supplementation time and level of these vitamins.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1986

각 효모 숙주 및 vector에 따라 lithium염 처리에 의한 생효모형질전환 최적 조건을 얻기 위하여 5종의 효모 숙주(S. cerevisiae Dl3-lA, DKD-5D, DBY-746, MC-16 및 S2022D)에 3종의 효모plasmid vector(YRp 7, YEp 13 및 YIp 5 )의 형질전환 실험과 아울러 이들 각 형질전환체내에서 도입된 plasmid들의 안정성을 조사하였다. lithium 염의 경우 LiCl가 Li-acetate에 비하여 좋은 효과를 보였으며 LiCl처리에 의한 최적 형질전환 조건은 각 숙주-vector계에 있어서 공히 균체 배양 시간은 16시간 (5.4 $\times$ $10^6$ - 2.4$\times$$10^8$cells/$m{\ell}$ ) 내외, LiCl의 농도는 0.1-0.2M, PEG(4000)의 농도는 35%, induction시간은 60분 내외 열처리는 42$^{\circ}C$에서 5분간, LiCi처리 buffer는 0.1M tris-HCl(pH 7.6)에서 가장 높은 형질전환 빈도를 보였다. 한편 Protoplast 형질전환법과 형질전환빈도를 비교해 본 결과 DKD-5 D(YEp13)과 Dl3-lA(YRp7)의 경우는 protoplast법이 DKD-5D(YRp 7), 및 DBY-746(YEp 13)에서는 LiCl처리법이 형질전환 빈도가 높았으며 MC-16(YEp 13)의 경우는 양방법에서 공히 비교적 낮은 빈도를 보였다. 각 형질전환체내에서의 도입된 plasmid의 안정성은 선택배지에서 배양했을 경우- YRp 7이 Dl3-lA 및 DKD- 5D 숙주에서 70세대후에는 80-85%가 유실되었으나 YEp13은 DKD-5D 및 DBY-746에서 35%밖에 유실되지 않았으며 MC-16숙주에서는 55% 유실로서 비교적 안정하였다. 또한 비선택배지에 배양시에는 선택배지에 배양했을 경우 보다 안정성이 다소 낮았으나 같은 경향은 보였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.2157-2163
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 가상 공간에서 의상을 직접 입어보는 체험을 해 볼 수 있는 웹 3차원 의복 애니메이션을 구현하기 위하여 2차원 및 2.5차원 의복 디자인 시스템을 이용한 3차원 의복 애니메이션 시스템을 설계하였고, 자연스러운 드레이핑을 구현하기 위하여 메시 생성 및 변형 알고리즘, 영역 추출 알고리즘, 워프 알고리즘, 명암 추출 및 적용 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 그리고 2차원 및 2.5차원 의복 디자인 시스템에서 추출된 좌표 점은 텍스트 형식의 데이터로 받아 의복 정보 파일로 입력하게 된다. 또한 이 의복 정보 파일은 3차원 의복 애니메이션에 활용할 수 있도록 구현하였다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

목적: 본 연구는 장시간 3D TV 시청 경험과 단시간 TV 시청 경과에 따른 시청피로를 평가하기 위함이다. 방법: 98명의 성인(여자12 명과 남자86명)으로 실시하였으며, 이들의 나이는 $33.5{\pm}5.5$세(22세~51세)였다. 대상자는 52인치 2D와 3D LED TV(shutter glasses 방식)를 2.7 m 거리에서 대상자가 주로 착용하는 안경 또는 콘택트렌즈를 착용한 상태에서 65분간 2D TV와 3D TV를 각각 시청하게 하였다. 시청피로도 평가를 위해 3D와 2D를 시청하는 동안 11개 항목, 눈의 당김, 눈의 통증, 눈건조, 눈의 따끔거림, 눈물, 눈부심, 흐림, 복시, 눈피로, 두통, 어지럼 등을 0에서 3의 점수로 평가하였다. 결과: 시청피로의 평균점수는 3D 시청시작 후 5분, 25분, 45분, 65분에서 각각 $2.08{\pm}2.14$, $3.19{\pm}3.02$, $3.40{\pm}3.37$, $3.53{\pm}3.07 $으로 나타났고, 2D 시청 시작 후는 각각$0.40{\pm}1.03$, $0.22{\pm}0.70$, $0.22{\pm}0.58$, 그리고 $0.17{\pm}0.52$으로 나타났다. 3D TV 시청 시 시청피로가 2D TV 시청 시 피로 보다 전체 영역에서 유의적인 수준에서 높게 나타났다(paired t-test, p < 0.001). 3D TV 시청 피로는 65분간 유의적인 수준에서 증가하였으며(RM-ANOVA, p < 0.001), 25분까지는 유의적 수준에서 증가하였고(paired t-test, p < 0.001), 그 후부터 서서히 증가하였다. 시청경험과 시청피로에 있어서 눈부심, 복시, 흐림, 어지럼은 시청 경험의 증가할수록 감소하였으나 (ANOVA, all F(1, 96) = 4.500, all p <0.05) 다른 증상에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 없었다(F(1,96) = 0.033, all p >0.05) 결론: 3D TV 시청에 있어서 시청피로는 2D에서 보다 높았으며, 25분까지 증가하였다. 3D 시청 경험과 자각증상 정도와의 관계에 있어서는 자각증상에 따라 다르게 나타났다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2012

Diarylheptanoids, (5S)-1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyheptane-3-one-5-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranoside (1, Oregonin), 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-heptene-3-one (2, Hirsutenone), (5S)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone-5-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranoside (3, Alnuside A), (5S)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone-5-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranoside (4, Alnuside B), (5S)-1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyheptane-3-on-5-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (5) and 1,7-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyheptane-3-on-5-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (6, Platyphylloside) were isolated from the bark of Alnus pendula Matsumura. The structures of these compounds were identified based on the spectral and physicochemical data.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2014

Detergency and soil redeposition of wool fabric in drycleaning solvents, i.e. petroleum solvent, perchloroethylene (PCE), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane($D_5$), with commercial detergents were studied. The detergency of wool soiled cloth in drycleaning solvents without detergents were the order of PCE > petroleum solvent > $D_5$. When commercial detergents were added to the system, the detergency were greatly improved. When 1.0% water was added to solvents/commercial detergents system, the detergency of petroleum solvent and PCE improved whereas that of $D_5$ decreased. The soil redeposition prevention effects of solvents were the same order of detergency, i.e. PCE > petroleum solvent > $D_5$. When commercial detergents were added to the system, the soil redeposition changed depending on solvents and detergents. The soil redeposition in $D_5$ became higher with a commercial detergent, therefore it is important to develop appropriate detergents for $D_5$. Three silicone surfactants were tested for detergency and soil redeposition in $D_5$ to find candidate surfactants for drycleaning detergent formulations. Silicone surfactant PEG/PPG-19/19 Dimethicone was found to be the best surfactant for $D_5$ drycleaning detergents.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

본 연구는 고상법으로 형광체를 합성하였다. 모체 물질은 $La_2W_3O_{12}$에 활성제로 $Eu^{3+}$이온을 첨가하여 활성제 조성변화에 따른 XRD 분석과 여기 및 방출 스펙트럼 및 온도에 따른 형광 스펙트럼 분석과 수명시간을 측정하였다. $La_2W_3O_{12}:Eu^{3+}$의 1 mol%의 XRD 스펙트럼은 ICSD 카드 (78180)에 보고된 데이터 스펙트럼과 비교하였을 때 XRD 스펙트럼이 잘 일치함을 확인 하였다. $La_2W_3O_{12}$ 형광체에 활성제로 $Eu^{3+}$이온 1 mol%를 첨가한 여기 스펙트럼에서는 286 nm 근처에서 286 nm 넓은 전하전달밴드가 관찰된다. 이 전하전달밴드는 $WO_4$그룹과 $Eu^{3+}$이온의 전하 전달 밴드이며 $O^{2-}-W^{6+}$, $O^{2-}-Eu^{3+}$의 ligand-to-metal 전하 전달 흡수가 이루어진다. 350~500 nm 영역에서는 $Eu^{3+}$의 f-f 전이에 의한 피크가 나타났다. 여기 스펙트럼에서 $Eu^{3+}$의 $^7F_0{\rightarrow}{^5D_4},{^5D_4},{^5L_6},{^5G_4},{^5D_3},{^5D_2}$ 전이에 해당한다. 방출 스펙트럼은 280, 395 nm로 각각 여기한 결과 $Eu^{3+}$이온의 $^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_2$(618nm)에서 강한 피크가 보였다. 희토류 이온이 도핑 되지 않은 $La_2W_3O_{12}$ 형광체를 266 nm로 여기하여 온도에 변화 따른 방출 스펙트럼은 저온에서 상온으로 갈수록 형광의 세기가 약하게 나타났다. 온도에 따른 수명시간은 7 K($114{\mu}s$), 100 K($94{\mu}s$), 200 K($10{\mu}s$), 300 K($0.5{\mu}s$)로 나타났다.