• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5973-5981
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• 2013

At present, the most common cause of cancer-related death in women is breast cancer. In a large proportion of breast cancers, there is the overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This receptor is a 185 KDa growth factor glycoprotein, also known as the first tumor-associated antigen for different types of breast cancers. Moreover, HER2 is an appropriate cell-surface specific antigen for passive immunotherapy, which relies on the repeated application of monoclonal antibodies that are transferred to the patient. However, vaccination is preferable because it would stimulate a patient's own immune system to actively respond to a disease. In the current study, several bioinformatics tools were used for designing synthetic peptide vaccines. PEPOP was used to predict peptides from HER2 ECD subdomain III in the form of discontinuous-continuous B-cell epitopes. Then, T-cell epitope prediction web servers MHCPred, SYFPEITHI, HLA peptide motif search, Propred, and SVMHC were used to identify class-I and II MHC peptides. In this way, PEPOP selected 12 discontinuous peptides from the 3D structure of the HER2 ECD subdomain III. Furthermore, T-cell epitope prediction analyses identified four peptides containing the segments 77 (384-391) and 99 (495-503) for both B and T-cell epitopes. This work is the only study to our knowledge focusing on design of in silico potential novel cancer peptide vaccines of the HER2 ECD subdomain III that contain epitopes for both B and T-cells. These findings based on bioinformatics analyses may be used in vaccine design and cancer therapy; saving time and minimizing the number of tests needed to select the best possible epitopes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.440-453
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• 2020

Given the dynamics of the changing economic or financial conditions in Chungcheong province in the domestic capital market, foreign and domestic investments are expected to continually increase their investments in volume and size in this particular province. Considering the unprecedented business climate, it may be essential to examine the primary financial aspects, such as corporate profitability, growth rate, and capital structure, which may work as effective catalysts to enhance corporate value. Concerning the outcomes, five proposed variables, such as market-value based leverage ratio, growth rate, Tobin's Q, business risk, and R&D intensity, highlighted the significant effects to determine the current level of profitability. Moreover, two variables, such as profitability and firm size, shared commonalities to discriminate between firms in the Chungcheong province (96 firms) and their counterparts (746 firms) in the other domestic provinces in terms of the growth rate and financial leverage. In contrast, three variables, including the interaction effect and firm size, had pronounced effects on profitability. The results of the study are expected to help enhance the corporate value in Chungcheong province by controlling the level of each significant factor.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2008

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) has received much attention in the last several years for the lithium secondary batteries. In this study, to enhance the porosity, PVdF was prepared by phase inversion method using as an additive, PEG (poly(ethylene glycol)), with N,N-dimethylformamid as a solvent. The pores are generated during the solvent and non-solvent exchange process in the coagulation bath filled with non-solvent (distilled water). The surface and cross-section of the membranes were observed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical property of the membrane was determined by using an universal testing machine (UTM) and thermal property was verified by heat shrinkage. Uniformed sponge structure of PVdF-PEG membrane for the lithium secondary batteries was prepared with 10 wt% of PEG concentration in the PVdF-PEG solution. Porosity, elongation and tensile strengh of the membrane were 87%, 75.45%, and 275. 27 MPa respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.15-15
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• 1999

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the conventional rotating barrel. vibrational barrel (vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components, The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed that the average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value, Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components, However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. $2HD{\;}+{\;}e{\;}{\rightarrow}20H{\;}+{\;}H_2$ Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure thereby resulting to bad plating condition. 1 lot of chip was divided into two equal partion. Each portion was loaded to the same barrel one after the other. Nickel plating and tin-lead plating was performed in the same station. Portion A maintained the normal barrel vibration intensity and portion B vibration intensity was increased two steps higher. All other parameters, current, solution condition were maintained constant. Generally, plating method find procedures were carried out in a best way to maintained the best plating condition. After plating, samples were taken out from each portion. molded and polished. Plating thickness was investigated for both. To check consistency of results. 2nd trial was done now using different lot of another characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.3
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• pp.265-278
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to suggest objective basic data for the design and management of the national park roadside slopes through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of the Chi-ri national park, for this, visual volumes of physical elements have been evaluated by using the mesh analysis, spatial images structure of physical elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm, and degree of visual quality have been measured mainly by questionnaires. Result of this thesis can be summarized as fallows. Visual volumes of the naked, rock, ground cover of seed spray, and artificial planting are found to be the main factor determining the visual quality. Factors covering the spatial image of the national park roadside slopes landscape have been found to be the overall synthetic evaluation, spatial, appeal, physical, openness and dignity factors such as the overall the spatial, physical and openness yield high factor scores. As for the factors determining the degree of visual quality of the roadside slopes, variables such as the summit, the constructions management, harmony of landscape, visual stability of roadside slopes, suitable artificial planting and suitable constructions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.86-98
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation structure and soil properties of Adenophora racemosa population distributed in Jeombongsan, Seoraksan, Odaesan and Dutasan in Gangwon-do, Korea. From August 2007 until September 2009, $2m{\times}2m$ quadrate was established in native area of Adenophora racemosa in order to record a dominants and coverage, and soil factors at 22 sites. It was found that the altitude in the distributed areas for Angelica gigas population was 800 m or more. Adenophora racemosa population was classified into Rhododendron mucronulatum dominant population, Geranium var. hirsutum dominant population, Caret siderosticta dominant population and Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus dominant population. In the site of study, soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, available phosphorous, and exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable sodium concentration and total nitrogen were ranged from 5.0~7.1, 0.06~0.65dS/m, 0.96~8.94%, 12.3~32.8mg/kg, 0.12~0.89cmol+/kg, 0.34~10.08cmol+/kg, 0.1~l.4cmol+/kg, 0.02~0.29cmol+/kg and 0~8.4% respectively. According to the results of DCCA, Adenophora racemosa population were distributed in the high available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium, and Rhododendron mucronulatum dominant population was situated on low available potassium and high slope degree, Geranium var. hirsutum dominant population was high altitude, electrical conductivity and exchange magnesium, and Carex siderosticta dominant population and Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus were distributed on high total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorous.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.227-235
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• 1993

$SbS_{1-x}Se_xI,\;BiS_{1-x}Se_xI,\;Sb_{1-x}Bi_xSI,\;Sb_{1-x}Bi_xSeI,\;SbS_{1-x}Se_xI:Co,\;BiS_{1-x}Se_xI:Co,\;Sb_{1-x}Bi_xSI:Co$, and $Sb_{1-x}Bi_xSeI:Co$ single crystals were grown by the vertical Bridgman method using the ingots. It has been found that these single crystals have an orthorhombic structure and indirect optical transition. The composition dependences of energy gaps are given by $E_g(x)=E_g(0)-Ax+Bx^2$. The impurity optical absorption peaks due to cobalt deped with impurity are attributed to the electron transitions between the split energy levels of $Co^{2+}$ and $Co^{3+}$ ions sited at $T_d$symmetry of the host lattice.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.87-94
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• 2002

Recently, there have been numerous attempts to expand the traditional temporary soil nailing system into a permanent wall. Two reasons for this include the soil nailed system's advantage of efficient and economic use of subgrade space and its ability to decrease the total construction cost. However, the systematic and logical design approach has not been proposed yet. The permanent soil nailing wall system, which utilizes precast concrete from soil nailing system, is already used in many countries, but the study of cast-in-place concrete lacing or rigid walls in bottom-up construction of traditional soil nailing walls is imperfect and insufficient. In this paper, various laboratory model tests have been carried out to investigate the influence of parameters, including stiffness of the rigid wall to the soil nailing structure with respect to failure mode, displacement patterns and tensile forces at the nail head in several levels of load. Then, the variation of earth pressure distribution on the soil nailing wall, built with a rigid front plate, is sought through different levels of surcharge load and tensile forces at the nail head.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.43-62
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• 2006

The survey was conducted with participation of the 289 handicapped persons residing at the rural area OOeup-gun in Kyungbook for the period of March 2 - May 31, 2006, to study the nature in general of the handicapped and the boundaries of their need. For the nature in general of the handicapped, the study was done by gender iscrimination, age, marital status, religion, educational level, occupation, monthly income, disability cause, disabled duration, disability type, disability level. For the boundaries of their need, the study was done by demand of financial support, educational demand, demand of voluntary workers, need of rehabilitation and medical treatment, job training, improvement of living conditions, or so. Using the Win.SPSS program, we made a frequency analysis and conclusions on the nature in general of the handicapped and the boundaries of their need on a 2-test. Conclusions are : 1. Nature in general of the handicapped The existence of the handicapped shows high at the age over 51 (71.6%), male-handicapped (65.1%), primary school graduates (62.9%), farming engaging (65.2%), monthly income less than one million Won (80.5%), cause by disease (53.8%), duration more than 10 years (61.6%), disability at level 3 (39.8%), extremity disability (66.4%). 2. Correlation of nature in general with demand of the handicapped a. In demanding the financial support, support for helper’s compensation shows high (p<0.05). In demanding the necessity of voluntary workers, the male-handicapped appears high during the absence of family assistance and the female-handicapped appears differently per week and also appears high during the absence of family assistance (p<0.05). b. In educational demand of the handicapped by their age, the age below 30 demands technical-job training and the age over 31 demands medical education for health care (p<0.01). c. In demanding the financial support by educational level, support for living cost shows high (p<0.05). d. In demanding improvement of living conditions by postnatal cause of disability, improvement of house structure shows high (p<0.05). e. In demanding assistance of voluntary workers by disabled duration, "No Need" shows high in the disabled duration more than 4 years (p<0.05). f. In demanding rehabilitation and medical treatment by disability type, home-visiting treatment, oriental medical treatment and physical therapy show high (p<0.001). g. In educational demand by disability level, medical education for health care shows high (p<0.01).

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

It is well know that the structure of shape memory alloy (SMA) can change from martensite austenite by either temperature or stress. Due to their inherent shape recovery properties, SMA fiber can be used such as for stress or cure-monitoring sensor or actuator, during applied stress or temperature. Incomplete superelasticity was observed as the stress hysteresis at stress-strain curve under cyclic loading test and temperature change. Superelasticity behavior was observed for the single-SMA fiber/epoxy composites under cyclic mechanical loading at stress-strain curve. SMA fiber or epoxy embedded SMA fiber composite exhibited the decreased interfacial properties due to the cyclic loading and thus reduced shape memory performance. Rigid epoxy and the changed interfacial adhesion between SMA fiber and epoxy by the surface treatment on SMA fiber exhibited similar incomplete superelastic trend. Epoxy embedded single SMA fiber exhibited the incomplete recovery during cure process by remaining residual heat and thus occurring residual stress in single SMA fiber/epoxy composite.