• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.83-84
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• 2018

3D printing technology can be applied to various industries, and is trapped by major technologies that change existing manufacturing processes. 3D printing materials must satisfy designability, economy and productivity, and building materials are required to have strength and economy secured technology. 3D printing technology of construction field can be divided into structural materials and internal and external materials, and is mainly done by extruding and adapting. Particularly when it is applied as an exterior materials, it is mainly applied to an unstructured exterior materials and high accuracy is required. The exterior materials can be used as a cement composite materials, it is suitable also for a lamination type, and the role of a cement base bonding material is important. In this research, we developed a cementitious base binder applicable as a 3D printing exterior materials, confirmed density and strength characteristics for application as an exterior materials, a flame retardancy test for improving the fire resistance of buildings and confirmed its possibility.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.188-189
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• 2022

With the development of nano-reinforcement technology, TiO₂ nanomaterials have received widespread attention as one of the additives without pozzolanic reaction, which can be used to improve the mechanical properties of cement-based materials. Meanwhile, with the development of additive manufacturing technology or known as 3D printing technology, its application in the construction field has also got noticed. Therefore, in this work, the effect of three sizes of TiO₂ on the compressive strength of hardened cement-based materials fabricated by binder jetting 3d printing was evaluated. According to the results, the TiO₂ particles with larger sizes can provide better reinforcement to the hardened cement due to its more significant filling effect.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 가을학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.69-70
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• 2023

The development of advanced 3D printing technologies has opened up new opportunities for customized digital designs in the construction industry. Using nano- and micro-scale additives is expected to improve the performance of cement-based materials in 3D printing. TiO₂ particles have been widely used as reinforcing additives in cement-based materials. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the application of cement-based materials containing multi-size TiO₂ particles in binder jet 3D printing and the effect of different-size TiO₂ particles on the performance of printed samples. TiO₂ particles exhibit an excellent filling effect, which increases the density of the printed samples and promotes hydration, thereby improving the compressive strength of the samples. In addition, larger TiO₂ particles exert more pronounced filling and photocatalytic effects on the resulting samples.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2022

3D printing cement-based materials (3DPCBM) is an innovative rapid prototyping technology for construction materials. This study is tested on the rheological behavior, printability and buildability of steel slag (SS) content based on the extrusion system of 3D printing. 0, 8 wt%, 16 wt%, 24 wt%, 32 wt% and 40 wt% SS was replaced cement, The test results revealed that the addition of SS would increase the fluidity of the printed paste, prolong the open time and setting time, reduce the plastic viscosity, dynamic yield stress and thixotropy, and is beneficial to improve the pumping and extrudability of 3DPCBM. With the increase of SS content, the static yield stress developed slowly with time which indicated that SS is harmful to the buildability of printing paste. The content of SS in 3DPCBM can reach up to 40% at most under the condition of satisfying rheological property and buildability, it provides a reference for the subsequent introduction of SS and other industrial solid waste into 3DPCBM by explored the influence law of SS on the rheological properties of 3DPCBM.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to derive a cementitious material for three-dimensional (3D) concrete printing that fulfills key performance functions, extrudability, buildability and bondability for 3D concrete printing. For this purpose, the rheological properties shown by different compositions of cement paste, the most fundamental component of concrete, were assessed, and the correlation between the rheological properties and key performance functions was analyzed. The results of the experiments indicated that the overall properties of a binder have a greater influence on the yield stress than the plastic viscosity. When the performance of a cementitious material for 3D printing was considered in relation with the properties of a binder, a mixture with FA or SF was thought to be more appropriate; however, a mixture containing GGBS was found to be inappropriate as it failed to meet the required function especially, buildability and extrudability. For a simple quantitative evaluation, the correlation between the rheological parameters of cementitious materials and simplified flow performance test results-time taken to reach T-150 and the number of hits required to reach T-150-in consideration of the flow of cementitious materials was compared. The result of the analysis showed a high reliability for the correlation between the rheological parameters and the time taken to reach T-150, but a low reliability for the number of hits needed for the fluid to reach T-150. In conclusion, among several performance functions, extrudability and buildability were mainly assessed based on the results obtained from various formulations from a rheological perspective, and the suitable formulations of composite materials for 3D printing was derived.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 시멘트계 복합재료의 적층을 위해 증점제를 적용하여 개발한 출력배합의 수축 특성을 평가하고, 프린팅 기법을 이용해 제작한 적층시험체와의 수축 특성을 비교하는 데 있다. 증점제 적용 시 수축이 기준배합과 비교하여 평균 25% 저감(56일 기준)되는 것을 확인하였다. 수축이 저감되는 긍정적인 효과에 반해 압축강도는 약 15% 감소(28일 기준)되는 부정적인 효과도 확인되었다. 출력배합을 이용해 제작한 적층시험체와 몰드시험체를 이용하여 수축을 평가한 결과, 적층시험체의 수축변형률이 약 25% 감소(28일 기준)되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 3D 프린팅을 이용한 시멘트계 복합재료의 출력 시 수축의 진전속도와 수축으로 인한 균열의 발생시점을 예측할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

이 연구에서는 적층시험체 제작 방식에 따른 시멘트계 복합재료의 적층성능과 강도특성을 분석하였다. 레이어 높이에 따른 적층성능평가결과, 직선부과 곡선부에서 레이어 높이가 10 mm일 때 가장 높은 치수 안정성을 나타내었다. 몰드 타설 시험체와 Printing-Z 시험체의 재령 28일 압축강도는 동일한 압축강도 성능을 나타내었다. 반면, Printing-X 시험체의 재령 28일 압축강도는 71.72 MPa로 가장 낮았으며, 몰 드 제작 시험체와 Printing-Z시험체 대비 평균 8%가 낮은 압축강도를 나타내었다. 적층시험체의 쪼갬인장강도는 몰드 제작 시험체와 유사한 성능을 나타낼 수 있으나, 하중 가력방향에 대한 레이어의 방향과 시험체 내 레이어의 개수에 따라 10% 이상의 강도성능 저하현상이 나타날 수 있다. X-ray CT 분석을 통한 적층시험체의 계면 분석결과, 레이어의 계면을 따라 일정한 크기의 공극이 분포함을 확인하였다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.56.2-56.2
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• 2012

Clinically-favored materials for bone regeneration are mainly based on bioceramics due to their chemical similarity to the mineral phase of bone. A successful scaffold in bone regeneration should have a 3D interconnected pore structure with the proper biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and mechanical property. The pore architecture and mechanical properties mainly dependent on the fabrication process. Bioceramics scaffolds are fabricated by polymer sponge method, freeze drying, and melt molding process in general. However, these typical processes have some shortcomings in both the structure and interconnectivity of pores and in controlling the mechanical stability. To overcome this limitation, the rapid prototyping (RP) technique have newly proposed. Researchers have suggested RP system in fabricating bioceramics scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration using selective laser sintering, powder printing with an organic binder to form green bodies prior to sintering. Meanwhile, sintering process in high temperature leads to bad cost performance, unexpected crystallization, unstable mechanical property, and low bio-functional performance. The development of RP process without high thermal treatment is especially important to enhance biofunctional performance of scaffold. The purpose of this study is development of new process to fabricate ceramic scaffold at room temperature. The structural properties of the scaffolds were analyzed by XRD, FE-SEM and TEM studies. The biological performance of the scaffolds was also evaluated by monitoring the cellular activity.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2022

이 연구는 3D 프린팅 복합재료에 대하여 굳지 않은 상태에서는 시간에 따른 경시변화와 레올로지 특성을 평가하였으며, 굳은 상태에서는 적층된 시험체와 몰드 시험체에 대하여 압축강도와 쪼갬 인장강도 특성을 평가하였다. 3D 프린팅용 복합재료는 압출 30분 후부터 급격한 물성변화가 시작되고 90분까지 재료의 점도가 유지되는 경향을 나타나지만, 이송성능과 적층성능의 품질을 확보하기 위해서는 배합 후 60분 이내의 시공이 효과적임을 확인하였다. 적층 시험체의 압축강도는 몰드 시험체 대비 전 재령에서 동등이상의 성능을 나타내었다. 적층 시험체의 응력-변형률 곡선에서 초기 기울기는 몰드 시험체와 유사하게 나타났지만, 최대 응력 이후의 하강 기울기는 몰드 시험체 대비 평균적으로 1.9배 높게 나타나 상대적으로 취성적인 거동을 하였다. 적층 패턴으로 수직으로 측정한 쪼갬인장강도는 몰드 시험체 대비 약 6% 낮게 나타났으며, 적층 패턴을 수평으로 측정할때는 몰드 시험체와 거의 동일한 쪼갬 인장강도를 나타내었다. 이는 적층 시험체의 패턴 방향에 따라 수직하중에 대한 계면간의 부착력이 영향을 받기 때문으로 판단된다.