• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제68권
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• pp.238-245
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• 2018

The skin experiences constant physical stimuli, such as stretching. Exposure to excessive physical stimuli stresses the skin and can accelerate aging. In this study, we applied a method that allowed human fibroblasts and keratinocytes to be perfused with media to form 3D skin equivalents that were then uniaxially 10%-stretched for 12 h per day (at either 0.01 or 0.05 Hz) for up to 7 days to form wrinkled skin-on-a-chip (WSOC). There was more wrinkling seen in skin equivalents under 0.01 Hz uniaxial stretching than there was for non-stretched skin equivalents. At 0.05 Hz, the stratum corneum almost disappeared from the skin equivalents, indicating that stretching was harmful for the epidermis. At both frequencies, the production of collagen and related proteins in the skin equivalents, such as fibronectin 10 and keratin, decreased more than those in the non-stretched equivalents, indicating that the dermis also suffered from the repeated tensile stress. These results suggest that WSOCs can be used to examine skin aging and as an in vitro tool to evaluate the efficacy of anti-wrinkle cosmetics and medicines.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2023

마이크로바이옴의 화장품 응용에 대한 관심이 높아지고 마이크로바이옴 추출물의 복합적인 효능에 의한 피부 개선 연구가 중요해지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 세포 및 3차원 배양 인공피부를 이용한 in vitro 시험법을 통하여 마이크로바이옴 중 피부 주름 개선 효능이 뛰어난 Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum)을 선정하였고, 이의 추출물을 함유한 화장품의 피부주름개선 효능평가를 진행하였다. 이후, 비피다발효여과물 원료의 세포독성 및 항산화, 항염 및 주름개선 유효성 시험을 실시하였다. 세포독성이 없고 효능이 우수한 5% (v/v) 농도의 비피다발효여과물이 함유된 에멀젼을 제조하였고 placebo 에멀젼와 비교하여 총 21 명 여성을 대상으로 2 주간 임상시험을 수행하였다. Antera 3D를 사용하여 눈가 부위의 주름을 기기 평가하였다. 주름 개선도는 placebo 에멀젼 사용군 대비하여 주름 감소율(%)에서 5.6% 차이를 보였다. 이러한 3차원 배양 인공피부를 활용한 마이크로바이옴 추출물 선정 및 이를 함유한 화장품의 효능 연구는 다양한 효능을 가지는 마이크로바이옴 화장품의 개발 및 메커니즘 연구에 응용될 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2024

Pinitol (3-O-Methyl-D-chiro-inositol) has been reported to possess insulin-like effects and is known as one of the anti-diabetic agents to improve muscle, liver, and endothelial cells. However, the beneficial effects of pinitol on the skin are not well known. Here, we investigated whether pinitol had effects on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and human dermal equivalents (HDEs) irradiated with ultraviolet A (UVA), which causes various damages including photodamage in the skin. We observed that pinitol enhanced wound healing in UVA-damaged HDFs. We also found that pinitol significantly antagonized the UVA-induced up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), and the UVA-induced down-regulation of collagen type I and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) in HDEs. Electron microscopy analysis also revealed that pinitol remarkably increased the number of collagen fibrils with regular banding patterns in the dermis of UVA-irradiated human skin equivalents. Pinitol significantly reversed the UVA-induced phosphorylation levels of ERK and JNK but not p38, suggesting that this regulation may be the mechanism underlying the pinitol-mediated effects on UVA-irradiated HDEs. We also observed that pinitol specifically increased Smad3 phosphorylation, which is representative of the TGF-β signaling pathway for collagen synthesis. These data suggest that pinitol exerts several beneficial effects on UVA-induced damaged skin and can be used as a therapeutic agent to improve skin-related diseases.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.59-75
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• 1999

Skin is continuously exposed to external stimuli including ultraviolet radiation, which is a major cause of skin photoaging. According to recent discoveries, UVA with a lower energy but deep-penetrating properties, compared to UVB, is likely to play a major part in causing skin photoaging. The clinical and histochemical changes of photoaging are well characterized, but the biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood partly due to the lack of suitable experimental systems. In this work, three-dimensional, reconstituted skin culture models were prepared. After certain period of maturation, the equivalent models were shown to be similar in structure and biochemical characteristics to normal skin. Mature dermal and skin equivalent models were exposed to sub-lethal doses of UVA, and the effects of UVA relevant to dermal photoaging were monitored, including the production of elastin, collagen, collagenase(MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Interestingly, dermal and skin equivalents reacted differently to acute and chronic exposure to UVA. Elastin production was increased as soon as one week after commencing UVA irradiation by chronic exposure, although a single exposure failed to do so. This early response could be an important advantage of equivalent models in studying elastosis in photoaged skin. Collagenase activity was increased by acute UVA irradiation, but returned to control levels after repeated exposure. On the other hand, collagen biosynthesis, which was increased by a single exposure, decreased slightly during 5 weeks of prolonged UVA exposure. Collagenase has been thought to be responsible for collagen degeneration in dermal photoaging. However, according to the results obtained in this study, elevated collagenase activity is not likely to be responsible for the degeneration of collagen in dermal photoagig, while reduced production of collagen may be the main reason. It can be concluded that reconstituted skin culture models can serve as useful experimental tools for the study of skin photoaging. These culture models are relatively simple to construct, easy to handle, and are reproducible Moreover the changes of dermal photoaging can be observed within 1-4 weeks of exposure to ultraviolet light compared to 4 months to 2 years for human or animal studies. These models will be useful for biochemical and mechanistic studies in a large number of fields including dermatology, toxicology, and pharmacology.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

본 연구는 전라도 장성지역의 편백나무 잎 추출물을 사용하여 in vitro에서 항염증 및 항알레르기 효과를 보고자 연구를 진행하였다. 편백나무 잎 추출물은 $50^{\circ}C$에서 감압 건조하여 실험에 사용하였으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량을 측정한 결과 $25.89{\pm}0.31mg\;GAE/g$로 나타났다. 설정된 GC-MS 분석법으로 편백나무잎 추출물의 6종 성분에 대한 함량 분석을 실시한 결과, ${\alpha}-Terpinene$ 3.03 mg/g, ${\alpha}-Terpineol$ 9.48 mg/g, limonene 5.96 mg/g, borneol 59.78 mg/g, myrcene 4.85 mg/g, sabinene 11.31 mg/g로 borneol이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 편백나무 잎 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과, $H_2O_2$와 $ABTS^+$ 라디칼에 대한 추출물의 $RC_{50}$이 각각 $5.47{\pm}0.13mg/mL$와 $4.00{\pm}0.01mg/mL$로 나타났다. 또한 마우스 유래의 대식세포주인 RAW 264.7 세포에서 LPS 100 ng/mL을 처리를 통한 염증유도 군에서 주요 인자인 NO 생성이 $28{\pm}0.38{\mu}M$까지 증가하였으나 편백나무 잎 추출물 $150{\mu}g/mL$ 처리 농도에서 $IC_{50}$ 으로 감소할 것으로 추정되므로, 편백나무 잎 추출물이 항염증 작용이 있음을 시사한다. 알레르기 주요 인자인 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$의 경우 처리한 편백나무 잎 추출물의 농도 의존적으로 감소되어 항알레르기 효능이 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 인간 유래 섬유아세포인 CCD-986sk 세포에 대해 편백나무 잎 추출물의 농도 $100{\sim}800{\mu}g/mL$ 범위에서 세포독성을 전혀 보이지 않았다. 따라서 편백나무 잎 추출물이 향후 기능성 화장품, 연고 등의 산업화에 광범위하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.