• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

This paper deals with the characteristic analysis of small power brushless DC (BLDC) motor considering the rotor magnet overhang flux. In the driving characteristics analysis using 2D FEA (Finite Element Analysis), the rotor magnet overhang effect can't be considered and it should be neglected. To consider rotor magnet overhang effect, 3D FEA should be required. But 3D FEA requires very long calculation time even though the high specification computer is used. In this paper, the 3D electromagnetic model of BLDC motor is approximated as the 2D electromagnetic model considering overhang effect. In this paper, the concept of overhang coefficient is applied, and the coefficient according to load torque variance is deduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.321-330
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• 2022

This study analyzed the difference between 2D image and 3D virtual clothing images based on stripe arrangement to obtain fundamental data for slim appearance. First, the slimming effect according to the three types of stripe ratio was examined. Subsequently, the slimming effects of seven types of one-piece dress designs according to the stripe location were analyzed. Subjective ranking was evaluated. The width items and radius of curvature were measured for the image's respective parts. Consequently, in 2D image and 3D virtual clothing images, the one with the narrowest stripe ratio was evaluated as the slimmest; however, the conditions for the slimming effect were different. In the seven one-piece dress designs, a difference was apparent in the ranking of the 2D image and 3D virtual clothing images. In the 3D virtual clothing image, arranging the stripes on the entire garment proved inefficient. The stripes were curved according to the curvature of the human body, creating an optical illusion that differed from that of the 2D image.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.201.3-201.3
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• 2003

The ethanol extract from the fruit of Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae) and the hook of Uncaria sinensis (Rubiaceae) exhibited significant inhibitory activity on oxidative stress and the age-dependent shortening of the telomeric DNA length. In the peroxidation model using t-BuOOH, human epidermal keratinocytes-neonatal foreskin (HEK-N/F) cells were treated with the T. chebula and U. sinensis extracts. The results showed a notable enhancing effect on the cell viability of 60.5 ${\pm}$ 3.8 and 65.0 ${\pm}$ 3.0%, respectively, by 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of the extracts. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.909-917
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• 2018

3D printing technology is expected to be an innovative technology of the manufacturing industry during the 4th industrial revolution, and it is being used in various fields including biotechnology and medical field. In this study, we verified the printing materials through Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the radiation shielding ability of the raw material using this 3D printing technology. In this paper, the printing materials were selected from the raw materials available in a general-purpose FDM-based 3D printer. Simulation of the ICRU phantom and the shielding system was carried out to evaluate the shielding effect by evaluating the particle fluence according to the type and energy of radiation. As a result, the shielding effect tended to decrease gradually with increasing energy in the case of photon beam, and the shielding effect of TPU, PLA, PVA, Nylon and ABS gradually decreased in order of materials. In the case of the neutron beam, the neutron intensity increases at a low thickness of 5 ~ 10 mm. However, the effective shielding effect is shown above a certain thickness. The shielding effect of printing material is gradually increased in the order of Nylon, PVA, ABS, PLA and TPU Respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.313-318
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• 1990

Forty-two outbred female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 145 g were used to study the effects of a beta-agonist, cimaterol, on growth, body composition and urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine (MH) at 3, 6 and 18 d. Cimaterol (CIM) was administered in the feed at 10 mg/kg. The growth promoting effect of CIM was most evident during the initial part of the feeding period, followed by a gradual decrease in the magnitude of the response with no significant effect at 18 d. The action of CIM was confined to skeletal and cardiac muscles with no stimulating effect on other organs. The amount of urine excretion and urinary MH excretion was reduced (p<.01) at 3 d in the CIM group. No difference was found at 6 d, followed by an increased urine excretion (p<.05) and MH excretion (p<.01) at 18 d. An inverse relationship between growth rate and urinary MH excretion suggested that the increased growth rate of CIM-fed rats during the initial part of the feeding period is primarily attributed to the decreased protein degradation rate. It was further suggested that both fractional synthesis rate and fractional degradation rate increased during the later part of the feeding period.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.943-949
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• 1996

Bone mineral density depends largely on the status of dietary minerals such as Ca, P, Mg, and F and proteins, physical activities, parathyroid hormone(PTH), calcitonin(CT), and vitamin D. The decrease of bone density often results in bone fractures and osteoporosis which is prevalent among postmenopausal women. This study was intended to examine the role of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and cholecaliferol in bone density of mice that were fed different dual photon energy beams. We have measured three major parts of the bone : whole body, head and femur. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Bone mineral density (BMD) was more increased by feeding high Ca diet compared to that of the low Ca diet. 2) Both PTH and Vit D3 enhanced BMD in all of the different Ca levels. 3) When the dietary Ca was deequate CT showed a synergistic effect with PTH in boosting bone density, while CT+Vit D3 showed a negative effect. 4) CT tended to inhibit the effect of increasing bone density by PTH and Vit D3 in medium and low Ca groups. 5) The effect of increasing bone density by PTH in the head of mouse increased when dietary Ca was lower : The increment of bone density by PTH in high, medium, and low Ca was 3%, 8%, 19%, respectively. 6) Femur bone density was affected significantly by dietary Ca levels than hormones. The above observations indicate that bone mineral density can be improved by high dietary Ca and hormone injections including PTH, CT and cholecalciferol, and thus proper dietary and hormonal treatment may be used in preventing bone fractures and osteoporosis.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.180-187
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• 2021

In this paper, we present a computational volumetric reconstruction method for three-dimensional (3D) photon counting imaging with enhanced visual quality when low-resolution elemental images are used under photon-starved conditions. In conventional photon counting imaging with low-resolution elemental images, it may be difficult to estimate the 3D scene correctly because of a lack of scene information. In addition, the reconstructed 3D images may be blurred because volumetric computational reconstruction has an averaging effect. In contrast, with our method, the pixels of the elemental image rearrangement technique and a Bayesian approach are used as the reconstruction and estimation methods, respectively. Therefore, our method can enhance the visual quality and estimation accuracy of the reconstructed 3D images because it does not have an averaging effect and uses prior information about the 3D scene. To validate our technique, we performed optical experiments and demonstrated the reconstruction results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.440-454
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• 2014

This study examined the wearing effect of 3D compression suits on quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) during walking and rest. Ten males in their 20s wore three types of experimental clothing, a loose-fit wear (BS), a 3D compression suit (3D CS), and a power film welded on CS (3D WCS); in addition, EEG signals were measured during resting, walking, after walking, and after sit-ups. The results showed that a higher pressure (due to 3D CS and 3D WCS) increased the 'Concentration' level and the 'Cognitive load' of brain waves during treadmill walking due to a higher cortex activity level when walking. Differentiation was shown between two compression suits and BS was enhanced during walking on a treadmill; however, the brain waves of 'Relaxation' between two compression suits were significantly different after walking, i.e., 'Relaxation' level of 3D WCS was the highest. Rigorous exercise such as sit-ups was inefficient to distinguish the effect of compression suits on EEG. Participants perceived a higher pressure due to compression suits; however, the wear comfort of two compression suits was maintained. Two compression suits were rated as supportive and helpful during walking. Various EEG parameters such as the indices of 'Relaxation', 'Concentration' and 'Cognitive load' were effective to observe the effect of 3D compression suits on wearers' brain waves during and after walking.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.81-105
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to estimate the cost-saving effect of R&D investment in the ICT industry. As is well known, the R&D investment induces both the product innovation and the process innovation, in turn leads the effect of creating profit and cutting cost. However, it appears that studies concerned with the cost-saving effect of R&D investment have been unproductive, while most existing studies concentrate on the topic involved with the creating profit of R&D investment. Therefore, we extend the effect of R&D investment to a framework of the cost-saving focusing on the ICT industry. To empirically analyze the effect, we built a simultaneous three-equation model comprising a translog cost function and two cost share equations, and employed the SUR analysis. As a result, we found out that the cost-saving effect on the total cost is statistically significant. In addition, we examined relationships between the R&D investment and each cost of production elements. The results show that on the one hand, the R&D investment and the intermediate good cost have the substitution relationship. On the other hand, the complementary relationship is observed between the R&D investment and each labor or capital cost.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.551-562
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• 2011

Objective: We proposed an effective 3D menu manipulation alternative with a usability test. This was performed in a 3D environment with 3D menu and control manipulation methods. Background: As 3D stereoscopic displays became generalized, various 3D applications were being used not just movies, games, but also mobile contents and advertisements. However, when a user interface was designed in a 3D environment, it was lacked that a clear standard and result of an efficiency and usability as like a 2D environment. Method: We implemented 9 kinds of 3D menu types based on 3D menu hierarchies, menu layouts and dimensions. And we extracted 3 representative control types in a 3D environment. We performed usability evaluation with full factorial design for 27 menu alternatives with 2 types of menu manipulation tasks. In this condition, we measured the performance time, subjective discomfort and eye-fatigue. Results: A control type had the significant effect, and the effect of menu types had the different result depending on given tasks. Conclusion: This experiment showed the interaction of menu and control types depended on 3D menu manipulation tasks were significant in a 3D user interface design. Therefore, as a purpose of a 3D menu manipulation task, 3D menu types and control types were should be considered. Application: We supposed this result was should be applied in a 3D menu contents design.