• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.61-72
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• 2002

This paper presents the results of investigation on the behavior of soil-reinforced segmental retaining walls in tiered arrangement using the finite element method of analysis. 2D finite element analyses were performed on tiered walls with two levels of offset distance. Cases with equivalent surcharge as suggested by the NCMA design guideline were additionally analyzed in an attempt to confirm the appropriateness of the equivalent surcharge model adopted by NCMA. Deformation characteristics of a tiered wall with small offset distance suggest a compound mode of failure and support current design approaches requiring a global slope stability analysis for design. Also revealed is that the interaction between the upper and lower walls significantly affects not only the performance of the lower wall but also the upper wall, suggesting that the upper walls should also be designed with due consideration of the interaction.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2007

As a part of basic studies on monitoring of landslides and slope stability using SP measurements, micro-electric potentials of rock samples were measured accompanied with the rock failure by a uniaxial loading test were measured. The measurement system consists of a 8 channel A/D converter with 24 bit resolution, uniaxial loading tester, strain gages and 4 sets of electrode attached to a rock sample. Rock samples of granite, limestone, and sandstone were tested. Also, mortar samples were tested in order to monitor electric-potentials of a uniform sample. Micro-electric potentials were detected in all saturated samples and the strength of them increased as the loading force increased. Sandstone samples showed the largest strength of micro-electric potential and it followed limestone and granite samples, which indicates a positive relationship with porosity of rocks. The mechanism generating these micro-electric potential can be explained in terms of electro-kinetics. In case of dry samples, micro-electric potential could be observed only in sandstone samples, where piezoelectric effect played main role due to high contents of quartz in sandstone samples. We found that biggest micro-electric potentials were observed at the electrodes near the crack surface of rock samples. This is very encouraging result that SP monitoring can be applied to predicting landsliding or to estimate collapsing position combining with monitoring of acoustic emissions.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.216-230
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• 2014

Based on the interpretation of 3D seismic profiles acquired in the northwestern area of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, the shallow sediments consist of five seismic units separated by regional reflectors. An anticline is present in the study area that documents activity of many faults. Bottom simulating reflectors are characterized by high RMS amplitude. Acoustic blanking with low RMS amplitude is distinctively recognized in the gas hydrate stability zone. Seismic attribute analysis shows that if gas hydrates are underlain by free gas, the high reflection strength and the low instantaneous frequency are displayed below the boundary between them. Whereas, if not, the reflection strength is low and instantaneous frequency is high continuously below the gas hydrate zone. Based on the spectral decomposition of the bottom simulating reflector, the high envelope at the specific high frequency range indicates the generation of the tuning effect due to the lower free gas content. Four models for the occurrence of the gas hydrate are suggested considering the slope of sedimentary layers as well as the presence of gas hydrate or free gas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.3
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• pp.265-278
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to suggest objective basic data for the design and management of the national park roadside slopes through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of the Chi-ri national park, for this, visual volumes of physical elements have been evaluated by using the mesh analysis, spatial images structure of physical elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm, and degree of visual quality have been measured mainly by questionnaires. Result of this thesis can be summarized as fallows. Visual volumes of the naked, rock, ground cover of seed spray, and artificial planting are found to be the main factor determining the visual quality. Factors covering the spatial image of the national park roadside slopes landscape have been found to be the overall synthetic evaluation, spatial, appeal, physical, openness and dignity factors such as the overall the spatial, physical and openness yield high factor scores. As for the factors determining the degree of visual quality of the roadside slopes, variables such as the summit, the constructions management, harmony of landscape, visual stability of roadside slopes, suitable artificial planting and suitable constructions.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 1982

The purpose of this study is to classify the factors influenced on the damages of head works suffered from the storm flood occurred on July 22 1980 in both Musim and Bochong rivers and to find out an integral counter measures against the causes influenced on the disaster of head works in the engineering aspect of planning, design, construction and maintenance. In this survey, number of samples was taken 25 head Works, and the counter measures against the causes of their disasters summarized was as follows, 1. In the aspect of planning a. As the flood water level after the establishment of head works is more increased than the level before setting of head works owing to having more gentle slope of river bed between the head works than nature slope of river bed. Number of head works should be reduced for the appropriate annexation of them b. In the place where head works is established on the curved point of levee, the destruction of levee becomes severe by the strong deflective current. Therefore the setting of head works on the curved point should be kept off as long as possible and in case of unavoidable circumstances the construction method such as reinforced concrete wall or stone wall filed with concrete and anchored bank revetments should be considered. 2. In the aspect of design a. As scoring phenomena at up stream is serious around the weir Where the concentration of strong current is present in such a place, up stream apron having impermeability should be designed to resist and prevent scoring. b. As the length of apron and protected bed is too short to prevent scoring as down stream bed, the design length should be taken somewhat more than the calculated value, but in the case the calculated length becomes too long to be profitable, a device of water cushion should be considered. c. The structure of protected river bed should be improved to make stone mesh bags fixed to apron and to have vinyl mattress laid on river bed together with the improvement for increasing the stability of stone mesh bags and preventing the sucked sand from the river bed. d. As the shortage of cut-off length, especialy in case of the cutoffs conneting both shore sides of river makes the cause of destruction of embankment and weir body, the culculation of cut-off length should be taken enough length based on seepage length. 3. In the aspect of design and constructions a. The overturing destruction of weir by piping action was based on the jet water through cracks at the construction and expansion joints. therefore the expansion joint should be designed and constructed with the insertion of water proof plate and asphalt filling, and the construction joint, with concaved shape structure and steel reinforcement. b. As the wrong design and construction of the weep holes on apron will cause water piping and weir destruction, the design and construction of filter based on the rule of filter should be kept for weep holes. c. The wrong design and construction of bank revetment caused the severe destruction of levee and weir body resulting from scoring and impulse by strong current and formation of water route behind the revetment. Therefore bank revetment should be designod and constructed with stone wall filled with concrete and anchored, or reinforced concrete wall to prevent the formation of water flow route behind the wall and to resist against the scoring and impulse of strong stream. 4. In the aspect of maintenance When the damaged parts occurred at head works the authorities and farmers concerned should find and mend them as soon as possible with mutual cooperation, and on the other hand public citizen should be guided for good use of public property.