• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.559-571
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• 2009

This paper presents a concurrent watermarking scheme with both robustness and fragileness for copyright protection and authentication of 3D animation contents. In a 3D animation model, the proposed scheme embeds not only robustly the watermark into geometry node for copyright protection but also fragilely the watermark into position and orientation interpolators for content authentication. This paper names the former as the robust geometry watermarking and the latter as the fragile interpolator watermarking. The proposed scheme performs independently these watermarkings for satisfying at one time the robustness and the fragileness of 3D animation model. From experimental results, we verified that the watermark embedded by the geometry watermarking has the robustness against many attacks from 3D public editing tools and also the watermark embedded by the interpolator watermarking has the fragileness against the same attacks.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.244-256
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• 2009

This paper presents multiple watermarking method for the copyright protection and the prevention of illegal copying of mobile 3D contents. The proposed method embeds an unique watermark and a WCA watermark into the spatial and encryption domains of mobile 3D content based on anonymous Buyer-Seller watermarking protocol. The seller generates an unique watermark and embeds it into the distribution of vertex data of 3D content object. After receiving the encrypted watermark from WCA, the seller embeds it into the encrypted vertex data by using operator that satisfies the privacy homo morphic property. The proposed method was implemented using a mobile content tool, Power VR MBX and experimental results verified that the proposed method was capable of copyright protection and preventing illegal copying, as the watermarks were also accurately extracted in the case of geometrical attacks, such as noise addition, data accuracy variation, and data up/down scaling.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.263-266
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 패치별 EGI 분포를 이용한 3D 다각형 메쉬 모델 (polygonal mesh model) 워터마킹 알고리즘을 제안하였다 제안한 알고리즘에서는 기하학적 변형에 견고하기 위하여 3D 메쉬 모델을 6개 패치로 분할한다. 그리고 위상학적 변형에 견실한 특성을 가지는 EGI 분포를 각 패치별로 구한다. 그리고 동일한 워터마크 비트열을 각 패치의 EGI 분포 중에서 길이가 큰 면체에 투영된 메쉬 법선 벡터들에 각각 삽입한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 워터마킹 알고리즘의 성능 평가를 위한 모의 실험에서 워터마크가 삽입된 모델의 비가시성 및 다양한 공격에 대한 견고성이 우수함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.80-90
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• 2004

Watermarking algorithm for 3D mesh model using EGI distribution of each patch is proposed. The proposed algorithm divides a 3D mesh model into 6 patches to have the robustness against the partial geometric deformation. Plus, it uses EGI distributions as the consistent factor that has the robustness against the topological deformation. To satisfy both geometric and topological deformation, the same watermark bits for each subdivided patch are embedded by changing the mesh normal vectors. Moreover, the proposed algorithm does not need not only the original mesh model but also the resampling process to extract the watermark. Experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm is imperceptible and robust against geometrical and topological attacks.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.1539-1542
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• 2009

최근 모바일 단말 기술과 정보통신 기술의 급격한 발달로 국내외 이동통신사들은 새로운 킬러 콘텐츠로 주목받고 있는 모바일 3D 게임을 앞 다투어 제작 및 서비스하고 있다. 모바일 3D 게임의 경우, 용량 증가로 인한 데이터 통신비 부담을 줄이기 위하여 PC 다운로드 S/W을 통한 다운로드 방법이 제공되면서 불법 복제 우려에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 현재 불법 복제 방지와 관련하여 GVM/GNEX 인증 모듈이 적용되고 있으나, 모바일 3D 콘텐츠에 대한 저작권 보호 기술 및 워터마킹 기술을 적용함으로써 콘텐츠 접근제어 및 불법배포 추적을 동시에 달성할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 모바일 3D 콘텐츠의 저작권 보호를 위하여 익명 Buyer-Seller 워터마킹 프로토콜 상에서 3D 콘텐츠 내의 공간영역 및 암호화 영역 내에 다중 워터마크를 삽입하는 방법을 제안한다. 성능평가를 위한 비가시성 및 강인성 실험을 통하여 본 제안 기법의 콘텐츠 접근제어가 가능하며 비가시성, 강인성 면에서 우수함을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.691-694
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• 2003

This paper proposes an 3D face image watermarking method based on discrete wavelet transform(DWT). First, 3D face image are transformed by DWT and inserted gaussian watermark into frequency domain. To increase the robustness and perceptual invisibility of watermark, the proposed algorithm is combined with the characteristics of 3D face image and human visual system. The proposed method is invisible and blind watermarking which the original image is not required. Simulation results show that the proposed method is robust to the general attack such as JPEG compression, enhancement, noise, cropping, and filtering etc.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.5
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• pp.925-930
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• 2002

This paper discusses techniques for embedding data into 3D polygonal models of geometry. Much researches of Watermarking had been gone as element technology of DRM (digital rights management). But, few research had gone to 3D polygonal model. Most research is limited at text document, 2D image, animation, music etc. RP system is suitable a few production in various goods species, and it is used much in industry to possible reason that produce prototype and find error or incongruent factor at early stage on design in product development childhood. This paper is research about method that insert watermark in STL ( stereolithography) file that have 3D shape model. Proposed algorithm inserts watermark in normal vector region and facet's interior region of 3D shape data. For this reason, 3D shape does not produce some flexure and fulfill invisibility of watermark. Experiment results that insert and extract watermark in normal netter region and facet's Interior region of 3D shape data by proposed algorithm do not influence entirely in 3D shape and show that insertion and extraction of watermark are possible.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.37-40
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 POSC 기반의 3D 메쉬 워터마킹 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법에서는 3D 메쉬를 두 가지의 제약 조건 집합으로 수렴 조건을 만족할 때까지 반복 투영한다. 이들 집합은 워터마크를 삽입하기 위한 강인성 집합 및 비가시성 집합으로 구성된다. 원 모델없이 워터마크를 추출하기 위하여 제안한 방법에서는 워터마크가 삽입되는 위치 정보 및 결정치를 이용한다. 실험 결과로부터 제안한 방법이 메쉬 간단화, 절단, 아핀 변환, 및 랜덤 잡음 첨가 등의 공격에 우수한 강인성을 가짐을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.156-163
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• 2003

Most watermarking techniques insert watermarks into transform coefficients in the frequency domain because we can consider robust or imperceptible frequency bands against malicious attacks to remove them. However, parameterization of 3-D data is not easy because of irregular attribution of connectivity information, while 1-I) or 2-D data is regular. In this paper we propose a new watermarking scheme for 3-D polygonal mesh models in the DCT domain. After we generate triangle strips by traversing the 3-D model and transform its vertex coordinates into the DCT domain, watermark signals are inserted into mid-frequency bands of AC coefficients for robustness and imperceptibility. We demonstrate that our scheme is robust against additive random noise, the affine transformation, and geometry compression by the MPEG-4 SNHC standard.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.6 s.312
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• pp.71-82
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• 2006

For real-time animation, keyframe animation that consists of translation, rotation, scaling transform nodes is used widely in 3D graphics. This paper presents geometrical watermarking using vertex coordinates in CoordIndex node and interpolator watermarking using keyvalues in PositionInterpolator node for 3D keyframe animation based on VRML. Experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm has the robustness against geometrical attacks and timeline attacks as well as the invisibility.