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The Flora of Limestone Area, Mt. Seokbyeong (석회암지대 석병산 일대의 관속식물상)

  • Song, Jae-Mo;Son, Ho-Jun;Kim, Young-Sol;Kim, Se-Chang;Lee, Da-Hyun;Park, Wan-Geun;Kwon, Soon-Jae
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.241-263
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    • 2016
  • This study was carried out to survey the vascular plants on Mt. Seokbyeongsan (1,055 m) and provide a basis for the conservation and management of plant resources. The vascular plants were surveyed from March to October 2015. The flora on Mt. Seokbyeongsan was classified as follows: 102 families, 295 genera, 454 species, 4 subspecies, 51 varieties, 7 forms, and a total of 516 taxa. Endemic plants included 17 families, 24 genera, 25 species, 1 variety, and a total of 26 taxa. The Korea Forest Service assignment of rare plants, including 21 families, 33 genera, 33 species, 3 varieties, and a total of 36 taxa, was investigated. Moreover, the Ministry of Environment assignment of rare plants, including 13 families, 17 genera, 17 species, 1 variety, and a total of 18 taxa, was investigated. Floristic special plants in the surveyed area were divided into five classes (Classes I-V): 42 taxa of Class I, 26 taxa of Class II, 35 taxa of Class III, 20 taxa of Class IV, and 9 taxa of Class V for a total of 132 taxa. Naturalized plants were 18 taxa, and plants threatened by climate change were 48 taxa.

The Effects of the Supplementation of Opuntia humifusa Water Extracts and Methyl Sulfonyl Methane on the Laying Productivity, Egg Quality and Sensory Characteristics (천년초 추출물과 식이유황의 첨가가 계란의 생산성, 품질 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Sun-Min;Ahn, Il-Sung;Hong, Sang-Mee;Kim, Da-Sol;Kwon, Dae-Young;Yang, Hye-Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.294-300
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    • 2010
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Opuntia humifusa (OPH) extracts and methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) supplementations on the laying productivity, egg quality and sensory characteristics of eggs in hens. Six hundred forty, 35-wk-old Lohmann brown, laying hens were randomly divided into four groups: 1) water (control), 0.12% OPH extract, 0.1% MSM, and 0.12% OPH extract+0.1% MSM. They were mixed into the feed and given for 5 weeks. Egg production rates, egg weight, feed demand ratio were not significantly different among the groups. However, OPH or MSM decreased broken egg rates by increasing thickness and firmness of egg shell but they did not show the additive effects. In addition, OPH or MSM enhanced Haugh unit, an indicator of freshness of egg, and viscosity of egg white and egg yolk. OPH or MSM maintained the freshness of eggs better the control during their storage for 10 day at $4^{\circ}C$. However, OPH+MSM did not show additive effects in their freshness. Sensory test revealed that OPH or MSM decreased fishy taste and greasy flavor and they improved texture. Overall OPH or MSM enhanced the preference of eggs. In conclusion, the supplementation of either OPH or MSM enhances egg freshness and egg quality in laying hens but they should not be supplemented together due to no additive effects.

Genetic Relationship and Characteristics Using Microsatellite DNA Loci in Horse Breeds. (Microsatellite DNA를 이용한 말 집단의 유전적 특성 및 유연 관계)

  • Cho, Gil-Jae
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.5 s.85
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    • pp.699-705
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    • 2007
  • The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic characteristic and to establish the parentage verification system of the Korean native horse(KNH). A total number of 192 horses from six horse breeds including the KNH were genotyped using 17 microsatellite loci. This method consisted of multiplexing PCR procedure. The number of alleles per locus varied from 5 to 10 with a mean value of 7.35 in KNH. The expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity were ranged from 0.387 to 0.841(mean 0.702) and from 0.429 to 0.905(mean 0.703), respectively. The total exclusion probability of 17 microsatellite loci was 0.9999. Of the 17 markers, AHT4, AHT5, CA425, HMS2, HMS3, HTG10, LEX3 and VHL20 marker have relatively high PIC value(>0.7). This study found that there were specific alleles, P allele at AHT5, Q allele and R allele at ASB23, H allele at CA425, S allele at HMS3, J allele at HTG10 and J allele at LEX3 marker in KNH when compared with other horse populations. Also, the results showed two distinct clusters: the Korean native horse cluster(Korean native horse, Mongolian horse), and the European cluster(Jeju racing horse, Thoroughbred horse). These results present basic information for detecting the genetic markers of the KNH, and has high potential for parentage verification and individual identification of the KNH.

Effects of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Peel Extract in Namhae Korea on the Bioactivity Compounds and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Activity (남해산 치자(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus) 껍질의 생리활성 및 지질과산화 저해 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jin, Dong-Hyeok;Oh, Da-Young;Kang, Dong-Soo;Lee, Young-Geun;Kim, Han-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.263-272
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    • 2018
  • The object of this study was to measure the bioactivity and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of peel from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus (GJE) in Namhae Korea. The amount of phytic acid was also determined. Extraction was performed using three solvents, CM (choloform:methanol, 2:1, v/v), n-butanol and 70% ethanol. To investigate by the solvent extract of total phenol content and value as a functional food ingredient of GJE peel through nitrogen oxide scavenging activity, antioxidant activity, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition were performed. The bioactivities of the extract solvents increased significantly with increasing concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/mL, p<0.05). The total phenol contents of GJE peel extracts were highest in CM ($39.74{\pm}0.15mg\;CAE/g$) extract. The order of total phenol contents, antioxidant activity and reducing power of the solvents in the GJE peel were the same, in the analysis of nitrogen oxides scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition, it was confirmed the results were inconsistent. As a result, the GJE peel showed excellent bioactivities. Considering the extraction yield and various physiological activities, it is considered that efficiency is better when extracted from CM and 70% ethanol extracts.

Comparison of Antioxidant Activities of Enzymatic and Methanolic Extracts from Ecklonia cava Stem and Leave (감태(Ecklonia cava) 줄기 및 잎의 효소적 추출물과 메탄올 추출물에 의한 항산화 활성비교)

  • Lee, Seung-Hong;Kim, Kil-Nam;Cha, Seon-Heui;Ahn, Gin-Nae;Jeon, You-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.35 no.9
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    • pp.1139-1145
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    • 2006
  • In this study, antioxidant activities of enzymatic and methanolic extracts from E. cava stem and leave were evaluated by measuring the scavenging activities on 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and the inhibitory effects on DNA damage induced by oxidative stress of cells. Enzymatic extracts were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of both stem and leave using food grade five different carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celluclast, AMG, Termamyl, Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme, Alcalase). The enzymatic extracts were lower than methanolic extracts in polyphenol contents, but higher in extraction yield by approximately 30%. The enzymatic extracts were superior to methanolic extracts in DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activities and DNA damage protective effect. There were no significant antioxidant activity difference between stem and leave, but the extracts of leave were relatively better than those of stem. In this study it is suggested that E. cava stem as well as its leave would be a good raw materials for antioxidants compound extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis would be a good strategy to prepare antioxidant extracts from seaweeds.

Effect of Hypoxia-Ischemia on Striatal Monoamine Metabolism in Neonatal Rat Brains (저산소-허혈 손상이 신생 흰쥐의 뇌 선조체(Striatum) Monoamine 대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Jee, Youn Hee;Kim, Hyung Gun;Park, Woo Sung;Chang, Young Pyo
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.46 no.8
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    • pp.789-794
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    • 2003
  • Purpose : We intended to evaluate the effect of hypoxia-ischemia on extracellular striatal monoamine metabolism in neonatal rat brains by in vivo microdialysis. Methods : The right common carotid arteries of five or six-day old rats were surgically ligated, and the probes for microdialysis were inserted into the right striatum with stereotaxic instrument. After stabilization for two hours, artificial cerebrospinal fluid was infused via the probe for microdialysis and samples were collected during hypoxia-ischemia and recovery periods at 20 minute intervals. The concentrations of DA(dopamine), DOPAC(3,4-di-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid), HVA(homovanillic acid), NE(norepinephrine), and 5-HIAA(5-hydroxy indole-acetic acid) were measured by HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography) and the changes were analysed. Results : The striatal levels of dopamine metabolites such as DOPAC and HVA, were significantly decreased during hypoxia-ischemia, and increased to their basal level during reoxygenation(P<0.05). Dopamine mostly increased during hypoxia but statistically not significant(P>0.05). DOPAC showed the most remarkable decrease($23.0{\pm}4.2%$, P<0.05), during hypoxia-ischemia and increase to the basal levels during reoxygenation($120.8{\pm}54.9%$, P<0.05), and HVA showed the same pattern of changes as those of DOPAC during hypoxia-ischemia($35.3{\pm}7.6%$ of basal level, P<0.05) and reoxygenation ($105.8{\pm}32.3%$). However, the level of NE did not show significant changes during hypoxia-ischemia and reoxygenation. The levels of 5-HIAA decreased($74.9{\pm}3.1%$) and increased($118.1{\pm}7.8%$) during hypoxia-ischemia and reoxygenation, respectively(P<0.005). Conclusion : Hypoxia-ischemia had a significant influence on the metabolism of striatal monoamine in neonatal rat brains. These findings suggest that monoamine, especially dopamine, and its metabolites could have a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic injury of neonatal rat brains.

Correlations between quality indices and consumer acceptance in environment-friendly 'Campbell early' grapes (친환경 포도의 품질 인자와 소비자 기호도의 상관성 분석)

  • Lee, Da Uhm;Bae, Jeong Mi;Ku, Kyung Hyung;Choi, Jeong Hee
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.1058-1064
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    • 2016
  • This study investigated the correlation between physicochemical (color, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), and firmness) and sensory (appearance, taste, odor, and texture) characteristics of environment-friendly 'Campbell early' grapes to identify quality indices. For analysis, samples of similar-sized grapes were collected from five orchards. The results showed that the physicochemical characteristics of CIE $L^*$, CIE $a^*/b^*$, SSC, pH, TA, and firmness and the sensorial characteristics of color intensity, freshness of stem, odor, sourness, sweetness, and elasticity were different among groups. Correlation analysis results showed that an increase in sweetness and firmness and a decrease in sourness were associated with an increase in overall acceptance. Sourness and sweetness were positively correlated with CIE $L^*$ (r=0.88) and firmness (r=0.95), individually. In the principal component analysis results, component F1 and F2 explained 44.35% and 33.77%, respectively, of the total variance (78.12%). F1 represented firmness, sweetness, elasticity, hardness, grape odor, color intensity, sweet odor, sourness, and damage degree. F2 represented CIE $L^*$, TA, CIE $a^*$, CIE $a^*/b^*$, SSC/TA, SSC, and peel thickness. The results showed that consumer acceptance of 'Campbell early' grapes can be determined by assessing physicochemical attributes of firmness, CIE $L^*$, TA, CIE $a^*$, CIE $a^*/b^*$, SSC/TA, and SSC and various sensorial attributes including sweetness, fruit elasticity, fruit hardness, grape odor, and color intensity.

Susceptibility of Mice to Trypanosoma evansi Treated with Human Plasma Containing Different Concentrations of Apolipoprotein L-1

  • Da Silva, Aleksandro S.;Fanfa, Vinicius R.;Otto, Mateus A.;Gressler, Lucas T.;Tavares, Kaio C.S.;Lazarotto, Cicera R.;Tonin, Alexandre A.;Miletti, Luiz C.;Duarte, Marta M.M.F.;Monteiro, Silvia G.
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.427-430
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    • 2011
  • The aim of this study was to test the susceptibility of mice to Trypanosoma evansi treated with human plasma containing different concentrations of apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1). For this experiment, a strain of T. evansi and human plasma (plasmas 1, 2, and 3) from 3 adult males clinically healthy were used. In vivo test used 50 mice divided in 5 groups (A to E) with 10 animals in each group. Animals of groups B to E were infected, and then treated with 0.2 ml of human plasma in the following outline: negative control (A), positive control (B), treatment with plasma 1 (C), treatment with plasma 2(D), and treatment with plasma 3 (E). Mice treated with human plasma showed an increase in longevity of $40.9{\pm}0.3$ (C), $20{\pm}9.0$ (D) and $35.6{\pm}9.3$ (E) days compared to the control group (B) which was $4.3{\pm}0.5$ days. The number of surviving mice and free of the parasite (blood smear and PCR negative) at the end of the experiment was 90%, 0%, and 60% for groups C, D, and E, respectively. The quantification of APOL1 was performed due to the large difference in the treatments that differed in the source plasma. In plasmas 1, 2, and 3 was detected the concentration of 194, 99, and 115 mg/dl of APOL1, respectively. However, we believe that this difference in the treatment efficiency is related to the level of APOL1 in plasmas.

Effects of Packaging Method on Quality of Chilled Plaice Muscle (포장방법이 냉장어육의 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 신완철;송재철;최석영;김미숙
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.32 no.8
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    • pp.1292-1296
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of physico-chemical properties of chilled plaice muscle, stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 0 ∼ 21 days, with different packaging methods (vacuum packaged with PVDC and aerobic packaged with HDPE). pH value in aerobic packaged plaice muscle (APPM) decreased from 6.3 to 6.09 at first 2 day storage, and then increased gradually during storage time. Although pH pattern of vacuum packaged plaice muscle (VPPM) was similar to that of APPM, change of pH value during storage time was slower and lower than APPM. VBN value in aerobic packaged one increased during storage time. Especially it increased significantly after 7 days of storage. While VBN value in VPPM increased only a little to 14 days. TBA value showed significant difference between APPM and VPPM. WHC of APPM was higher than that of VPPM after 7 days of storage. In electrophoretic pattern of myofibril of APPM stored for 14 days hydrolysis of heavy chain and tropomyosin was observed. However, in VPPM, some hydrolysis occurred only in heavy chain. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that hydrolysis of VPPM occurs later than that of APPM.

Poloxamer 407 Hydrogels for Intravesical Instillation to Mouse Bladder: Gel-Forming Capacity and Retention Performance

  • Kim, Sang Hyun;Kim, Sung Rae;Yoon, Ho Yub;Chang, In Ho;Whang, Young Mi;Cho, Min Ji;Kim, Myeong Joo;Kim, Soo Yeon;Lee, Sang Jin;Choi, Young Wook
    • The Korean Journal of Urological Oncology
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.178-186
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: Poloxamer 407 (P407) thermo-sensitive hydrogel formulations were developed to enhance the retention time in the urinary bladder after intravesical instillation. Materials and Methods: P407 hydrogels (P407Gels) containing 0.2 w/w% fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FD, MW 4 kDa) as a fluorescent probe were prepared by the cold method with different concentrations of the polymer (20, 25, and 30 w/w%). The gel-forming capacities were characterized in terms of gelation temperature (G-Temp), gelation time (G-Time), and gel duration (G-Dur). Homogenous dispersion of the probe throughout the hydrogel was observed by using fluorescence microscopy. The in vitro bladder simulation model was established to evaluate the retention and drug release properties. P407Gels in the solution state were administered to nude mice via urinary instillation, and the in vivo retention behavior of P407Gels was visualized by using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Results: P407Gels showed a thermo-reversible phase transition at $4^{\circ}C$ (refrigerated; sol) and $37^{\circ}C$ (body temperature; gel). The G-Temp, G-Time, and G-Dur of FD-free P407Gels were approximately $10^{\circ}C-20^{\circ}C$, 12-30 seconds, and 12-35 hours, respectively, and were not altered by the addition of FD. Fluorescence imaging showed that FD was spread homogenously in the gelled P407 solution. In a bladder simulation model, even after repeated periodic filling-emptying cycles, the hydrogel formulation displayed excellent retention with continuous release of the probe over 8 hours. The FD release from P407Gels and the erosion of the gel, both of which followed zero-order kinetics, had a linear relationship ($r^2=0.988$). IVIS demonstrated that the intravesical retention time of P407Gels was over 4 hours, which was longer than that of the FD solution (<1 hour), even though periodic urination occurred in the mice. Conclusions: FD release from P407Gels was erosion-controlled. P407Gels represent a promising system to enhance intravesical retention with extended drug delivery.