• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2010

Photobiological $H_2$ production was compared using purple non-sulfur bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides KD131 in the medium containing various organic acids as the carbon source and electron doner under illumination of $110\;W/m^2$ using halogen lamp at $30^{\circ}C$. The organic acids used were 0~120 mM acetate, butyrate, lactate and malate. Initial pH 7.0 and cell concentration 1.0 at 660nm were increased to pH 8 and 4.4~5.1, respectively during 24hrs of photo-fermentation when lactate and malate were used. However, acetate and butyrate increased pH to 9 and cell concentration to 3.2~3.9 of malate at the same experimental conditions. Optimum ranges of organic acids concentration and carbon/nitrogen ratio were 30~60 mM and 10~20, respectively. When malate was used as the substrate, maximum $H_2$ production 1.1 ml $H_2$/ml broth, which is equivalent to 1.97 mol $H_2$/mol malate was observed.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.501-516
• /
• 2023

Knowledge distillation (KD) refers to extracting knowledge from a large and complex model (teacher) and transferring it to a relatively small model (student). This can be done by training the teacher model to obtain the activation function values of the hidden or the output layers and then retraining the student model using the same training data with the obtained values. Recently, relational KD (RKD) has been proposed to extract knowledge about relative differences in training data. This method improved the performance of the student model compared to conventional KDs. In this paper, we propose a new method for RKD by introducing a new loss function for RKD. The proposed loss function is defined using the area difference between the teacher model and the student model in a specific hidden layer, and it is shown that the model can be successfully compressed, and the generalization performance of the model can be improved. We demonstrate that the accuracy of the model applying the method proposed in the study of model compression of audio data is up to 1.8% higher than that of the existing method. For the study of model generalization, we demonstrate that the model has up to 0.5% better performance in accuracy when introducing the RKD method to self-KD using image data.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2010

Photobiological hydrogen production using Rhodobacter sphaeroides KD131 was studied on the effect of light intensities and nitrogen sources. Media containing malate and glutamate were shown higher hydrogen production rate than that containing succinate and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ at the $110\;W/m^2$ illumination by halogen lamp at $30^{\circ}C$. Media lacking glutamate as the nitrogen source exhibited higher hydrogen production than that containing glutamate. Initial cell concentration was optimized to 1.0 at the absorbance of 660 nm. Hydrogen production was increased by increasing the light intensity from 0 to $216\;W/m^2$ but the increasing rate declined over $108\;W/m^2$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.895-902
• /
• 1996

산란계에 불활화 개 파보바이러스 백신을 근육내로 1주 간격으로 4회 접종하여 면역화시키고 최종 접종 2주후에 채란하여 $4^{\circ}C$에 보관하며 사용하였다. 난황항체는 5% HPMCP를 이용하여 분리하였고 0.5% HPMCP 용액은 lipid 침전에 매우 효과적이었으며 희석배수 10배에서 투명한 상층액을 나타내었다. 1차분리한 상층액의 단백질 농도는 2.5mg/ml이었고 최종 단백질 용액의 경우는 26.53mg/ml이었다. SDS-PAGE 전기영동상에서 분자량 60~70 KD 및 30~40 KD의 2 band가 나타났으며 non-reducing 전기영동에서는 닭 혈청 IgG와 같은 120~160 KD의 분자량을 보인 band가 각각의 분리용액에서 나타났다. 난황 항체의 개 파보바이러스에 대한 혈구응집억제반응 항체역가는 혈청의 역가에 비해 1주의 차이를 주며 증가했으며 난황 항체는 1:640에서 1:2560, 혈청은 1:640에서 1:5120을 나타내었다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.734-742
• /
• 2012

To compare RNA interference-mediated gene silencing technique and T-DNA integration for gene function analysis in Chinese cabbage, BrSAMS-knockout (KO) line and BrSAMS-knockdown (KD) line were used. The KO line had lost the function of a Brassica rapa S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (BrSAMS) gene by T-DNA insertion and the KD line had shown down-regulated BrSAMS genes' expression by dsRNA cleavage. From microarray results of the KO and KD lines, genes linked to SAMS such as sterol, sucrose, homogalacturonan biosynthesis and glutaredoxin-related protein, serine/threonine protein kinase, and gibberellin-responsive protein showed distinct differences in their expression levels. Even though one BrSAMS gene in the KO line was broken by T-DNA insertion, gene expression pattern of that line did not show remarkable differences compared to wild type control. However, the KD line obtained by RNAi technique showed prominent difference in its gene expression. Besides, change of polyamine and ethylene synthesis genes directly associated with BrSAMS was displayed much more in the KD line. In the microarray analysis of the KO line, BrSAMS function could not be clearly defined because of BrSAMS redundancy due to the genome triplication events in Brassicaceae. In conclusion, we supposed that gene knock-down method by RNAi silencing is more effective than knock-out method by T-DNA insertion for gene function analysis of polyploidy crops such as Chinese cabbage.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2013

Purpose: It has been reported that 10% to 20% of children with Kawasaki disease (KD) will not respond to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. In this study, we aimed to identify useful predictors of therapeutic failure in children with KD. Methods: We examined 309 children diagnosed with KD at the Kyungpook National University Hospital and the Inje University Busan Paik Hospital between January 2005 and June 2011. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records and analyzed multiple parameters in responders and nonresponders to IVIG. Results: Among the 309 children, 30 (9.7%) did not respond to IVIG. They had significantly higher proportion of neutrophils, and higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide than did responders. IVIG-nonresponders had a significantly longer duration of hospitalization, and more frequently experienced coronary artery lesion, and sterile pyuria. No differences in the duration of fever at initial treatment or, clinical features were noted. Conclusion: Two independent predictors (ALT${\geq}$84 IU/L, total bilirubin${\geq}$0.9 mg/dL) for nonresponse were confirmed through multivariate logistic regression analysis. Thus elevated ALT and total bilirubin levels might be useful in predicting nonresponse to IVIG therapy in children with KD.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 1992

In order to illustrate adsorption phenomena of herbicides(alachlor and paraquat) on soils, absorption equation of herbicides and the relationships between soil properties and adsorption constants were investigated with 22 soils. The results were as follows : 1. The shaking time for approaching equillibrium reaction of herbicides(alachlor and paraquat) with woils were about 30 minutes for paraquat and 4 hours for alachlor, respectively. 2. The distribution coefficients of alachlor were inbetween 0.81-33.83 in 5 ppm and 0.09-15.52 in 50 ppm, respectively. 3. The adsorption of alachlor was positively correlated with organic matter and paraquat was with clay content of soils. 4. Both paraquat and alachlor were highly adsorbed in Chunpo series soil containing low contents of organic matter and clay on account of different mechanism from other soils, 5. Freundlich's adsorption constant(K) was greater than distribution coefficient(Kd), and the differences between K and Kd's were to be increased with increasing equillibrium concentrations.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.200-206
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to get a industrial information about a possibility of IgY antibody production, antimicrobial activity and Properties of IgY antibody in egg yolk. After the initial immunization the anti-Salmonella typhimurium IgY antibody level gradually were decreased from firth week to tenth week. On the other hand, the antibody level in the serum were increased from the first week, reaching its peak in the sixth week. Molecular weights of IgY were estimated approximately 72-75KD in a heavy chain and 30-40KD in a light chain by electrophoresis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.352-358
• /
• 1985

This study was carried out to identify the protein patterns and to estimate molecular weights of the ginseng and other plants. Polyacrylamide gradient 2-30% gels for identification of protein patterns and 11% SDS polyacrylamide gels for molecular weight estimation of various plants were used. Proteins extracted with distilled water and phosphate buffer were most clearly separated. Although minor bands were a little different according to kinds of buffer, major bands showed similar pattern. Major protein bands were two bands of 45,000, 66,000 in Panax ginseng, 3 bands of 32,000-39,000 in Codonopsis lanceolata and one double band around 39,000 kd in Platycodon grandiflorum.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.61 no.1
• /
• pp.12-16
• /
• 2018

Purpose: To differentiate adenoviral pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF) from acute Kawasaki disease (KD) using laboratory tests before results of virus-real time polymerase chain reaction and ophthalmologic examination are obtained. Methods: Baseline patient characteristics and laboratory measurements were compared between 40 patients with adenovirus infection and 123 patients with KD. Results: The patients with adenovirus infection were generally older than those with KD (median: 3.9 years vs. 2 years, P=0.000). White blood cell and, platelet count, and aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels showed significant differences between the 2 groups, but the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels did not ($6.8{\pm}3.0mg/dL$ vs. $8.3{\pm}5.8mg/dL$, P=0.126). In the adenovirus infection group, the CRP levels were <1, <3, <10, and ${\geq}10mg/dL$ in 2 (5%), 3 (7.5%), 30 (75%), and 5 patients (12.5%), respectively. The cutoff NT-proBNP level was 265 pg/mL. Discrepancy was defined as CRP and NT-proBNP levels of ${\geq}3$ or <3 mg/dL, and <265 or ${\geq}265pg/mL$, respectively. Among the 35 patients with adenovirus infection whose CRP levels were ${\geq}3mg/dL$, 29 (82.9%) showed a discrepancy. Conversely, of the 103 patients with KD whose CRP levels were ${\geq}3mg/dL$, 83 (80.6%) showed no discrepancy. Between the groups, a significant difference in discrepancy rate was observed (P=0.000). None of the patients with adenovirus infection had CRP and NT-proBNP levels of <3 mg/dL and ${\geq}265pg/mL$, respectively. Conclusion: With a sensitivity of 82.9% and a specificity of 80.6%, CRP and NT-proBNP levels may differentiate between adenoviral PCF and acute KD.