• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1479-1485
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• 2008

Two completely randomized block design experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation processing of canola meal on performance parameters of broiler chicks (Ross 308) and protein quality of canola meal. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) were measured as indices of canola meal protein quality. Samples of canola meal were tested for nutritional value after being irradiated at dose levels 10, 20 and 30 kGy. Glucosinolate content was reduced 40, 70 and 89 percent at irradiation dose levels of 10, 20 and 30 kGy respectively (p<0.01). Percent of erucic acid in total fatty acid content increased 44, 58 and 48% as a function of radiation dose (p<0.01). Dose levels did not affect feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain of chicks (p>0.05). Liver weight was decreased by irradiation dose (p<0.05). The same trend was observed for kidney weights, but this trend was not significant (p>0.05). Gamma irradiation processing of canola meal had no significant effect on $T_3$ level in blood of chickens that consumed canola meal, but $T_4$ level of chicken blood at the 30 kGy dose decreased significantly (p<0.05). PER and NPR were not affected by radiation dose level (p>0.05). Gamma irradiation seems to be a good procedure to improve the nutritional quality of canola meal.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 1988

Extracellular protein was produced from bacterium, which was classified as a strain belong to the genus Bacillus. This bacterium produced 1.4mg/ml of extracellular protein when grown on chemically defined medium containing 3.0% of glucose, 1.3% of urea and 2.5% of calcium carbonate at $30^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. The addition of $250{\mu}g/ml$ of cephalexin was effective for it and was produced 2.0mg/ml of extracellular protein for 96 hours.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.665-670
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• 2002

The expediency of replacing cost prohibitive and often inaccessible traditional protein supplements prompted the monitoring of hematological parameters was carried out in female goats at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days post feeding. Rumen environment was (3), respectively fed supplements containing either a leaf meal mixture (LMTM) of Leucaena leucocephala-Morus alba-Tectona grandis (2:1:1) or traditional protein supplements groundnut cake (GNC) or soybean meal (SBM) and wheat straw as basal diet. The periodic monitoring of hematological parameters was carried out in female goats at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days post feeding. Rumen environment was studied in bucks in a $3{\times}3$ switch over design. Rumen liquor was collected at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h post feeding after 4 weeks of feeding. The goats fed on LMTM or GNC had similar dry matter intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$), which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than SBM. Except for packed cell volume (PCV), none of the blood biochemical constituents (Hemoglobin, serum glucose, total protein, serum albumin (A) and globulin(G), A:G ratio, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases) varied significantly due to replacement of 50% dietary protein by LMTM throughout the experiment. GNC group had significantly higher level of PCV than other treatments. However, the level of serum total protein (p<0.01) tended to increase from 60th day onwards irrespective of dietary treatments. The average rumen pH was significantly higher (p<0.001) on SBM followed by LMTM and GNC, respectively. Total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) production was comparable in goats given LMTM or GNC supplements, the corresponding values were significantly different (p<0.001) when compared with SBM. The ammonical-N, total-N and TCA-precipitable-N (mg/100 ml SRL) did not differ significantly among dietary treatments. It may be concluded that supplementing wheat straw with LMTM based concentrate had no adverse effect on voluntary intake, blood biochemical profile and rumen fermentation pattern of the goats.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1986

Sarcolemmal membrane fraction from canine ventricle was isolated from the discarded pellet after the first homogenization in the isolation procedure of sarcoplasmic reticulum (Method 1) and the protein yield, purity, and sidedness of this preparation were compared to those of sarcolemmal fraction prepared by method of Lee et al. (Method 2) and a slight modification of original protocol of Jones et al. (Method 3). Method 1 differed from Method 2 essentially only in that vigorous homogenization was carried out by omnimixer and homogenization medium containing 30mM Tris-maleate was used in the first step. The sarcolemmal fraction was enriched from 45 to 50 and 29-fold in [$^3H$] ouabain, [$^3H$] DHA, [$^3H$] QNB binding and $Na^+$, $K^+$-ATPase activity, respectively, compared to homogenate. Total $Na^+$, $K^+$-ATPase activity of highly sarcolemma enriched fraction was 144.6$\pm$16.4$\mu\textrm{mol}$ Pi/mg protein/hr, which was about 85%, of total ATPase activity, and the yield of the preparation was 15.7 mg protein per 100g of starting ventricular tissue. The sarcolemmal preparation supported $^{45}Ca^{2+}$-uptake in the presence of ATP but this uptake was not dependent on oxalate. Sarcolemmal $Na^+$, $K^+$-ATPase activity and detectable [$^3H$] ouabain binding were increased about 32% and 35%, respectively, by pretreatment of sarcolemmal fraction with optimal concentration of sodium dodecylsulfate (0.3-0.4mg/mg protein), suggesting that this preparation contained about 24% of sealed rightside-out vesicles, 26% of sealed inside-out vesicles, and 5001o of freely permeable (leaky) form. This procedure showed the highest protein yield and leaky population, compared to Method 2 and 3. On the other hand, sarcolemmal fraction prepared by Method 2 and 3 showed low value in protein yield but comtained high population of inside-out (46%) and rightside-out (49%) vesicles, respectively, compared to present procedure (Method 1). The results indicate that vigorous homogenization decreases the population of sealed sarcolemmal vesicles but increases the sarcolemmal protein yield per gram tissue and that this procedure is available for further purification of sarcolemmal fraction and for the receptor binding study of sarcolemma.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2012

In this paper, we investigated the effect of nanostructure on the cell behaviors such as adhesion and growth rate. Nanoporous structures with various diameters (30, 40, 45, 50, 60 nm) and 500 nm of the depth were fabricated using the anodizing method. The water contact angle of the surface consisting of nanopores with 30 nm diameter was 40 degree and those were 60~70 degree in cases of nanopores with over 40 nm diameter. Hela cells were cultivated on various nanoporous structure surface to investigate the cell behavior on nanostructure. As a result, Hela cells preferred 30 nm diameter nanoporous surface that has lower water contact angle. This result was confirmed by protein adsorption experiment and scanning electron microscope investigation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2018

A salivary testing instrument has an advantage that the method is simple and can be performed in a short time. However, it is necessary to verify the factors that affect the reliability of the result, because the device is easy to use and even saliva collection is simple. The aim of this study was to compare the difference of the test results according to the measurement time in order to analyze the time factor of the external variable among the factors that may affect the measurement results of the salivary testing instrument. The relationship between the measured values of the salivary testing instrument to identify the internal variables was analyzed. Saliva was collected from 20 randomly selected patients regardless of age, sex, or diseases. The mean age was 46.6 years, 10 males and 10 females. The saliva collected was directly measured with the salivary testing instrument as group I. The saliva samples were placed in air in a paper cup for 10 minutes, and then measured as group III. Then group I was remeasured after 30 minutes and assigned as group II. Group III was remeasured after 30 minutes and called as group IV. As a result, all of the cariogenic bacteria, acidity, buffer capacity, blood, leukocyte, protein and ammonia, except buffer capacity, showed statistically significant changes in group II and IV. This means that the reliability of the test results is poor if the measurement time is not observed. Cariogenic bacteria were correlated with leukocyte and protein, buffer capacity was related to acidity, protein, and protein was related to buffer capacity and leukocyte. In conclusion, the result according to the measurement time as the external variable was different, which means that time must be strictly monitored when testing saliva. It is also necessary to take into account the relevance of the correlations between the internal variables and the clinical data.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate and assess the composition of mineral and macronutrient contents in Korean cow′s milk.48 individual farm raw milk, 10 plant raw milk and 29 market milk were collected from June to August in 2003. The minerals such as calcium(Ca), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), sodium(Na), zinc(Zn), iron(Fe) and phosphorus(P) were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometer(AAS). The macronutrients such as fat, protein and lactose were tested by using IR spectrometer. The obtained analytical results of minerals(mg/100 g) and rnaetronutrients (％) are as follows：1. In case of raw cow′s milk ； Ca 113.56, K 144.09, Mg 10.86, Na 42.53, Zn 0.42, Fe 0.030, p 113.32, fat 3.85, protein 3.08, lactose 4.80,2. In case of market cow′s milk ; Ca 103.04, K 142.46, Mg 10.27, Na 43.21, Zn 0.40, Fe 0.034. p 97.30, fat 3.78, protein 3.05, lactose 4.70,3. In case of fortified market cow′s milk ; Ca 165.40, K 145.79, Mg 10.57. Na 42.55, Zn 0.57, Fe 0.414, p 94.68, fat 3.74, protein 3.08, lactose 4.68,4. In case of processed market cow′s milk ; Ca 134.72, K 142.74, Mg 10.33, Na 45.07, Zn 0.50, Fe 0.650, p 92.48, fat 3.72, protein 3.07, lactose 4.74. According to the group of market milk(milk, fortified market row′s milk, processed market cow′s milk), the mean concentration of Ca and Fe were significantly higher in fortified and processed milk than milk(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in macronutrient(fat, protein, lactose) and mineral contents between pasteurized milk and UHT(ultra high temperature) treated milk($\alpha$=0.05). The labeled "Nutritional Facts" of market milk were satisfied with "Labeling Standards for Livestock Products of Korea". The measured mean concentrations of Ca, Fe, Zn were generally higher than lower limit of labeled value(above 80% of labeled value). The mean concentration of sodium was lower than upper limit of labeled value(below 120％ of labeled value).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.252-255
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• 1999

Inhibition activities$(pI_{50})$ of chalcone derivatives as substrate with farnesyl protein transferase(FPTase) were determined in vitro. The structure activity relationships(SAR) between the activity and physicochemical parameters of X & Y-substituents on the phenyl groups were analyzed by Free-Wilson and Hansch method. X-substituents on the benzoyl group have the more important role to inhibition activity than Y-substituents on the styryl group. Among them, none substituent, 8 showed the highest FPTase inhibition activity$(pI_{50}=4.30)$. Particularly, the SAR equation could be formulated, showing a parabolic relationship between the activity and hydrophobicity(logP) where the optimal value$({\Sigma}logP)_{opt}$ was 3.915. And also the activity depends on the steric effect(Es > 0) with X-substituent and the resonance effect(R < 0) with electron donating Y-substituents. Based on the results of SAR analyses, the interactions between substrates and receptor, FPTase, could be assumed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.386-391
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• 2017

Objective: Protein supplementation is costly and can result in excess nitrogen (N) excretion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of dietary protein on average daily gain, body size, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen excretion of 8 to 10 month-old Holstein heifers. Methods: Thirty-six Holstein heifers were divided into 12 blocks according to age ($273{\pm}6.2d$) and were randomly assigned to diets containing a low (10.2% dry matter [DM]), medium (11.9% DM), or high (13.5% DM) level of dietary crude protein (CP). All diets contained approximately 70% roughage and 30% concentrate with similar dietary metabolizable energy (ME) content (2.47 Mcal/kg). Results: Dry matter intake did not differ among the treatments, and average daily gain increased with the increasing dietary protein, 0.79, 0.95, 0.97 kg/d for low, medium, and high group, respectively. Body height increased linearly with increasing dietary CP but no other significant differences in body dimensions were found among the treatments. The increased ratios of dietary CP improved the rate of rear teat length growth remarkably (p<0.05). There was no difference in rumen pH or ruminal major volatile fatty acid (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) concentration among the 3 diets, but rumen ammonia-N concentration increased with the higher dietary CP (p<0.05). Increasing N intake led to increased total N excretion; urinary N excretion was significantly increased (p<0.05) but fecal N excretion was similar among the treatments. Conclusion: These data suggest that the diet containing 11.9% CP (ME 2.47 Mcal/kg) could meet the maintenance and growth requirements of 9 to 11 month-old Holstein heifers gaining approximately 0.9 kg/d.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.190-197
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of tannery waste protein concentrate (TWPC) on fattening of cattle and the carcass and meat quality, with the aim of replacing the costly commercial protein concentrate (Jasoprot) with a more economical and effective alternative. Twelve young cattle (six male and six female) were fed during the study period on a control diet (T1) with 10% Jasoprot and on two test diets: 5% TWPC + 5% Jasoprot (T2) and 10% TWPC (T3). The test diets significantly affected (p<0.05) live weight gain and profitability compared to the control diet, perhaps due to the increased protein and essential amino acid content, relative to Jasoprot. TWPC was free of aflatoxin. Sensory-evaluated organoleptic scores did not differ among the groups. Chemical composition was normal as other beef and was non toxic especially within recommended chromium level ($1.90{\pm}0.6{\mu}g$) Total lipid contents were higher (p<0.05) in T3, and moisture, ash and crude protein contents were almost similar (p>0.05) among the three groups. It is concluded that TWPC or an equal mixture of TWPC and Jasoprot may be an economic and efficient alternative protein source to Jasoprot in the cattle industry, which minimizes adverse effects on carcass and sensory meat quality.